scholarly journals Cognitive assessments in patients with implantable cardiac pacemaker

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Alexandru Martis ◽  
Dumitru Zdrenghea ◽  
Gabriel Gusetu ◽  
Gabriel Cismaru ◽  
Bogdan Dutu ◽  
...  

Bradyarrhythmias cause low cerebral blood flow and imbalance of the cerebral autore-gulation, favoring neuronal ischemia and cognitive dysfunction. The main treatment in bradyarrhythmia is pacemaker (PM) implantation, which keeps the heart rate in normal range and increase cardiac output. The present study proposed the cognitive evaluation of PM group patients and a control group (CG), but with similar cardiovascular risk factors. Cognitive assessment has been achieved by applying the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) and Mini Clock for both groups.

Author(s):  
V. R. Gerasymchuk ◽  
I. F. Uwa-Agbonikhena ◽  
L. T. Maksymchuk ◽  
M. Yu. Kupnovytska-Sabadosh ◽  
T. I. Nehrych ◽  
...  

60 patients after a hemispheric ischemic stroke (IS) were examined. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Trail Making Test A and B (TMT), and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) were used for the cognitive status assessment. A decrease in the MMSE, FAB and MoCA score compared to the control group (CG) (p<0.05) was observed, with probable differences mainly in the domains of attention (p<0.05) and executive functions (p<0.05). An increase in the time of task execution by 45.5% was detected for TMT A (p <0.05) and 61.9% for TMT B (p <0.01), and violation of CDT performance compared to the CG (p<0.05). Thus, the study of cognitive status using TMT and CDT may be recommended for timely detection of the initial executive functions impairment.


Author(s):  
V. R. Gerasymchuk ◽  
I. F. Uwa-Agbonikhena ◽  
L. T. Maksymchuk ◽  
M. Yu. Kupnovytska-Sabadosh ◽  
T. I. Nehrych ◽  
...  

60 patients after a hemispheric ischemic stroke (IS) were examined. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Trail Making Test A and B (TMT), and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) were used for the cognitive status assessment. A decrease in the MMSE, FAB and MoCA score compared to the control group (CG) (p<0.05) was observed, with probable differences mainly in the domains of attention (p<0.05) and executive functions (p<0.05). An increase in the time of task execution by 45.5% was detected for TMT A (p <0.05) and 61.9% for TMT B (p <0.01), and violation of CDT performance compared to the CG (p<0.05). Thus, the study of cognitive status using TMT and CDT may be recommended for timely detection of the initial executive functions impairment.


Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Miyuki Nemoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasai ◽  
Noriko Yabushita ◽  
Keito Tsuchiya ◽  
Kazushi Hotta ◽  
...  

We aimed to develop a novel exercise to improve visuospatial ability and evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness in older adults with frailty. A non-randomized preliminary trial was conducted between June 2014 and March 2015. We recruited 35 adults with frailty (24 women), aged 66–92 years. Participants were assigned to either locomotive- or visuospatial-exercise groups. All participants exercised under the supervision of physiotherapists for 90 min/week for 12 weeks. The visuospatial exercise participants used cubes with six colored patterns and were instructed to “reproduce the same colored pattern as shown in the photo”, using the cubes. In the locomotive exercise group, lower extremity functional training was provided. Rates of retention and attendance measured feasibility. Most participants completed the intervention (77.3%, locomotive; 84.6%, visuospatial) and had good attendance (83.8%, locomotive; 90.7%, visuospatial). Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), clock drawing test (CDT), and seven physical performance tests were conducted before and after interventions. The improvement in the MMSE score, qualitative analysis of CDT, grip strength, and sit and reach assessments were significantly greater in the visuospatial exercise group than in the locomotive exercise group. The cube exercise might be a feasible exercise program to potentially improve visuospatial ability and global cognition in older adults with frailty.


2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Scarabelot ◽  
Mariane de Moraes Monteiro ◽  
Mauren Carneiro da Silva Rubert ◽  
Viviane de Hiroki Flumignan Zetola

ABSTRACT Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) results are strongly influenced by educational level. The Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) is an alternative assessment tool that provides more accurate results in individuals with less education. Objective: Our aim was to compare the MMSE and BCSB as screening tests. Methods: The MMSE and BCSB were assessed in 112 participants by two evaluators blind to the other test's result. Participants were classified according to their level of education. The influence of education level was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparison tests. Results: Scores of the MMSE (p < 0.0001) and the clock-drawing test (p < 0.0001) were influenced by education level but the delayed recall test score was not (p = 0.0804). The verbal fluency test (p = 0.00035) was influenced only by higher educational levels. It took three minutes less to apply the MMSE than to apply the BCSB (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the delayed recall test and the verbal fluency test of the BCSB are better than the MMSE and clock-drawing test as tools for evaluating cognition in people with limited education.


2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Ward ◽  
Juliana F. Cecato ◽  
Ivan Aprahamian ◽  
José Eduardo Martinelli

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate apraxia in healthy elderly and in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: We evaluated 136 subjects with an average age of 75.74 years (minimum 60 years old, maximum 92 years old) and average schooling of 9 years (minimum of 7 and a maximum of 12 years), using the Mini-Mental State examination (MMSE), Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) and the Clock Drawing Test. For the analysis of the presence of apraxia, eight subitems from the CAMCOG were selected: the drawings of the pentagon, spiral, house, clock; and the tasks of putting a piece of paper in an envelope; the correct one hand waiving "Goodbye" movements; paper cutting using scissors; and brushing teeth. RESULTS: Elder controls had an average score of 11.51, compared to MCI (11.13), and AD patients, whose average apraxia test scores were the lowest (10.23). Apraxia scores proved able to differentiate the three groups studied (p=0.001). In addition, a negative correlation was observed between apraxia and MMSE scores. CONCLUSION: We conclude that testing for the presence of apraxia is important in the evaluation of patients with cognitive impairments and may help to differentiate elderly controls, MCI and AD.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzia Giordano ◽  
Valérie Tikhonoff ◽  
Paolo Palatini ◽  
Anna Bascelli ◽  
Giovanni Boschetti ◽  
...  

In 288 men and women from general population in a cross-sectional survey, all neuropsychological tests were negatively associated with age; memory and executive function were also positively related with education. The hypertensives (HT) were less efficient than the normotensives (NT) in the test of memory with interference at 10 sec (MI-10) (−33%,P=0.03), clock drawing test (CLOX) (−28%,P<0.01), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) (−6%,P=0.02). Lower MMSE, MI-10, and CLOX were predicted by higher systolic (odds ratio, OR, 0.97,P=0.02; OR 0.98,P<0.005; OR 0.95,P<0.001) and higher pulse blood pressure (BP) (OR 0.97,P=0.02; OR 0.97,P<0.01; and 0.95,P<0.0001). The cognitive reserve index (CRI) was 6% lower in the HT (P=0.03) and was predicted by higher pulse BP (OR 0.82,P<0.001). The BP vectors of lower MMSE, MI-10, and CLOX were directed towards higher values of systolic and diastolic BP, that of low CRI towards higher systolic and lower diastolic. The label of hypertension and higher values of systolic or pulse BP are associated to worse memory and executive functions. Higher diastolic BP, although insufficient to impair cognition, strengthens this association. CRI is predicted by higher systolic BP associated to lower diastolic BP.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Elida Ulfiana ◽  
Makhfudli ◽  
Kusnul Chotimah ◽  
Zenitha Rani

Klampis Ngasem is one of the areas in East Surabaya, precisely in Sukolilo sub-district, Surabaya. The target group in the community partnership program (PKM) is the Elderly Posyandu "Barokah" in RW 3. Problems that occur in the Elderly Barokah Posyandu are less varied activities and innovation so that some elderly are less interested and bored to follow routinely as indicated by the presence of the elderly < 75%, the absence of efforts to prevent dementia that is carried out regularly and continue for the elderly, lack of elderly knowledge about changes in cognitive function and efforts to maintain cognitive function so as to prevent dementia, and the availability of leisure time for the elderly in addition to routine posyandu activities and those that have not been utilized to be useful and productive. The solution to overcome these problems is through the application of Art Therapy to make colet batik. The purpose of this community service is to help express themselves, maintain the cognitive function of the elderly and provide new skills in making batik as an activity in the Posyandu Elder Barokah Klampis Ngasem Village. The activities carried out are screening to see the cognitive function of the elderly using Mini mental state examination (MMSE) and clock drawing test (CDT), counseling about prevention of dementia which includes knowing dementia, prevention of dementia, and art therapy, batik colet training with demonstration methods, and simulation. The results of batik colet will be processed again with the help of cadres or the elderly who have sewing skills to be used as sofa pillowcases. From this process, a work or product will be produced from the batik colet method.


Author(s):  
V.A. Nedoluga

Cognitive impairments are frequent outcome of stroke. Nowadays drug treatment of cognitive impairments is not effective enough. The purpose of the study was to improve treatment of poststroke cognitive impairments by complex use of drug treatment and frequency-modulative magnetolaser therapy. Mini-mental state examination, Luria memory words test, Frontal assessment battery, Shultz tables, Clock drawing test were used to estimate cognitive functions. 40 patients were examined with consequences of ischemic stroke Patients were divided in two groups. The first 20 patients (basic group) were treated with drug and frequency-modulative magnetolaser therapy. The other 20 patients (control group) were prescribed drug treatment. Improvement of memory and executive functions of patients with vertebrobasilar and carotid stroke were revealed after complex treatment. It was found, that in the control group only memory improved in patients with vertebrobasilar stroke. Obtained data proved the expediency of frequency-modulative magnetolaser therapy application in the complex treatment of cognitive impairments in patients with consequences of ischemic stroke.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρίνα Κοτσάνη

Η διαχείριση του σακχαρώδη διαβήτη τύπου 2 (ΣΔ2) παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερες προκλήσεις, ιδιαίτερα στους ηλικιωμένους. Σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν να συγκρίνει τον επιπολασμό ορισμένων γηριατρικών συνδρόμων, σε άτομα 65 ετών και άνω που ζουν στην κοινότητα, με ή χωρίς ΣΔ2. Διενεργήθηκε μία μελέτη χρονικής στιγμής, σε δομές πρωτοβάθμιας φροντίδας υγείας, με διαστρωματοποιημένη δειγματοληψία ως προς το ΣΔ2. Συνολικά 403 άτομα περιλήφθηκαν στην μελέτη, 198 με και 205 χωρίς ΣΔ2, στα οποία μελετήθηκαν, με τη βοήθεια δομημένης ατομικής κλινικής συνέντευξης και με τη χρήση ευρέως διαδεδομένων ανιχνευτικών κλιμάκων, οι εξής γηριατρικοί φαινότυποι: επηρεασμένη γνωστική λειτουργία, κατάθλιψη, περιορισμός στην κινητικότητα, λειτουργική έκπτωση και πτώσεις. Συλλέχθηκαν επίσης δεδομένα σχετικά με το ιατροκοινωνικό προφίλ. Τα άτομα με ή χωρίς διαβήτη δε διέφεραν ως προς το φύλο, την ηλικία, το βάρος και τον δείκτη μάζας σώματος. Τα άτομα με διαβήτη είχαν μεγαλύτερη περίμετρο μέσης και υψηλότερο επιπολασμό υπέρτασης, δυσλιπιδαιμίας και ιστορικού παροδικού ή εγκατεστημένου αγγειακού εγκεφαλικού επεισοδίου, ενώ έπαιρναν επίσης 2.3 περισσότερα φαρμακευτικά σκευάσματα σε σχέση με εκείνα χωρίς. Μεταξύ των εκτιμώμενων γηριατρικών συνδρόμων, η επηρεασμένη γνωστική λειτουργία ήταν σημαντικά συχνότερη στην ομάδα του ΣΔ2, όπως εκφραζόταν από το σκορ στην κλίμακα Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), στην οποία τα άτομα με διαβήτη παρουσίασαν χαμηλότερη επίδοση κατά σχεδόν ένα πόντο σε σύγκριση με εκείνα χωρίς (μέση τιμή MMSE 26.8 έναντι 27.6, p=0.009), αλλά και από τη συχνότερη κατηγοριοποίηση στην ομάδα της επηρεασμένης γνωστικής λειτουργίας (36.4% έναντι 23.4%, p=0.004). Επίσης τα άτομα με διαβήτη παρουσίαζαν συχνότερα πιο αργή κινητική επίδοση, εκφραζόμενη με τη δοκιμασία Timed Up and Go (TUG), σε σχέση με εκείνα χωρίς διαβήτη (33.8% έναντι 24.9%, p=0.048). Πραγματοποιήθηκε επίσης ανάλυση ανά ηλικιακές υποομάδες, χωρίζοντας τον πληθυσμό της μελέτης μας σε νεότερους ηλικιωμένους 65-74 ετών και γηραιότερους ηλικιωμένους 75 ετών και άνω. Στην ηλικιακή υποομάδα των 75 ετών και άνω δεν βρέθηκαν διαφορές στον επιπολασμό των μελετώμενων γηριατρικών συνδρόμων μεταξύ των ατόμων με ή χωρίς διαβήτη. Αντίθετα, στην υποομάδα των νεότερων ηλικιωμένων 65-74 ετών, η μέση τιμή του σκορ MMSE διέφερε σημαντικά μεταξύ των ατόμων με ή χωρίς διαβήτη (27.3 έναντι 28.2, p=0.004), όπως και ο επιπολασμός της επηρεασμένης γνωστικής λειτουργίας (33.3 έναντι 15.4%, p=0.001), (OR: 2.8, 95%CI: 1.5-5.1, p=0.001). Επίσης το σκορ της γνωστικής δοκιμασίας Clock Drawing Test (CDT) διέφερε σημαντικά μεταξύ των ατόμων με ή χωρίς διαβήτη (9.1 έναντι 9.4, p=0.034) στη νεότερη ηλικιακή υποομάδα. Στην ίδια υποομάδα, η κινητικότητα, όπως εκτιμήθηκε από τη δοκιμασία TUG, φάνηκε πως διέφερε μεταξύ των ατόμων με ή χωρίς διαβήτη, τόσο όταν εκφραζόταν ως μέσος χρόνος εκτέλεσης της δοκιμασίας (10.9 έναντι 9.8 sec, p=0.017), όσο και όταν εκφραζόταν ως πιθανότητα για πιο αργή επίδοση (27.8 έναντι 12%, p=0.002) (OR: 2.8, 95%CI: 1.4-5.6, p=0.003). Τα αποτελέσματα διατηρήθηκαν και στα πολυπαραγοντικά λογαριθμικά μοντέλα, μετά από στάθμιση για πιθανούς συγχυτικούς παράγοντες. Δεν αναδείχθηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές στα υπόλοιπα μελετώμενα γηριατρικά σύνδρομα μεταξύ των ομάδων με ή χωρίς διαβήτη στο σύνολο του μελετώμενου πληθυσμού, ούτε στις επιμέρους ηλικιακές υποομάδες. Τα αποτελέσματα αποκάλυψαν ένα βαθμό γνωστικής και κινητικής ευπάθειας στα άτομα με διαβήτη. Επιπλέον, η ανάλυση ανά ηλικιακές υποομάδες ανέδειξε ένα συσχετισμό μεταξύ του ΣΔ2 και των γηριατρικών φαινοτύπων σε ηλικίες νεότερες από αυτές που κλασικά θεωρούνται πραγματικά γηριατρικές, υπονοώντας ένα είδος πρωιμότερης γήρανσης στα άτομα με ΣΔ2.


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