scholarly journals Multimodality imaging in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Laura Tapoi ◽  
Alexandra Clement ◽  
Rodica Radu ◽  
Radu Sascau
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Care Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Made In

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, as it has been recently redefi ned, is characterized by progressive myocyte loss with fibrosis and fat infiltration of the myocardium, which finally leads to a broad clinical spectrum ranging from heart failure symptoms to sudden cardiac death. The diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is challenging particularly because of its heterogeneity in presentation, which varies from focal right ventricular involvement to biventricular or prominent left ventricular phenotype. In the past decades, the development of new electrocardiographic and imaging diagnostic criteria for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy constituted an important area of research and resulted in the elaboration of the Padua criteria. However, even with the widespread availability of modern imaging techniques, there is still a lack of awareness in the health care community and this pathology persist in being under-or misdiagnosed. Given the limited indication of endomyocardial biopsy for the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, one can conclude that the progress that has been made in the last few years in the multimodality imaging field is of utmost importance for the early detection and proper treatment of patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, providing valuable prognostic information.

scholarly journals The Importance of Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies: An Update

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Sascău ◽  
Larisa Anghel ◽  
Alexandra Clement ◽  
Mădălina Bostan ◽  
Rodica Radu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies ◽  
Restrictive Physiology ◽  
Standardized Diagnostic

Infiltrative cardiomyopathies (ICMs) comprise a broad spectrum of inherited and acquired conditions (mainly amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and hemochromatosis), where the progressive buildup of abnormal substances within the myocardium results in left ventricular hypertrophy and manifests as restrictive physiology. Noninvasive multimodality imaging has gradually eliminated endomyocardial biopsy from the diagnostic workup of infiltrative cardiac deposition diseases. However, even with modern imaging techniques’ widespread availability, these pathologies persist in being largely under- or misdiagnosed. Considering the advent of novel, revolutionary pharmacotherapies for cardiac amyloidosis, the archetypal example of ICM, a standardized diagnostic approach is warranted. Therefore, this review aims to emphasize the importance of contemporary cardiac imaging in identifying specific ICM and improving outcomes via the prompt initiation of a targeted treatment.

scholarly journals Challenges in the diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Chirillo ◽  
Anna Baritussio ◽  
Umberto Cucchini ◽  
Ermanno Toniolli ◽  
Angela Polo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Anterolateral Wall

Abstract Background Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is usually characterized by overt heart failure, but other clinical scenarios are possible, sometimes making the diagnosis challenging. Case summary We report a case series of four patients with PPCM. The first patient presented with acute heart failure due to left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Following medical treatment, LV function recovered completely at 1 month. The second patient had systemic and pulmonary thromboembolism, secondary to severe biventricular dysfunction with biventricular thrombi. The third patient presented with myocardial infarction with non-obstructed coronary arteries and evidence of an aneurysm of the mid-anterolateral LV wall. The fourth patient, diagnosed with PPCM 11 years earlier, presented with sustained ventricular tachycardia. A repeat cardiac magnetic resonance, compared to the previous one performed 11 years earlier, showed an enlarged LV aneurysm in the mid-LV anterolateral wall with worsened global LV function. Discussion Peripartum cardiomyopathy may have different clinical presentations. Attentive clinical evaluation and multimodality imaging can provide precise diagnostic and prognostic information.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 629-644
Author(s):  
Nuno Cardim ◽  
Alexandra Toste ◽  
Robin Nijveldt
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Functional Information ◽  
Clinical Questions

Imaging plays a major role in the evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, offering answers to clinical questions. Imaging techniques provide a broad spectrum of information, including morphological data, functional information, and ischaemia assessment, useful in many clinical settings of HCM. The clinical diagnosis of HCM is based on unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by imaging, though the role of genetic diagnosis has increased. A multimodality imaging (MMI) approach is encouraged in HCM. Each technique must be selected to provide solutions to the specific problems, avoiding duplicated data, and taking into account its technical characteristics, availability, benefits, risks, and costs.

Aortic valve stenosis

2015 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Helmut Baumgartner ◽  
Erwan Donal ◽  
Stefan Orwat ◽  
Axel Schmermund ◽  
Raphael Rosenhek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Continuity Equation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Aortic Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
And Function ◽  
Available Information

Echocardiography is the method of choice for the diagnosis, assessment of morphology, and aetiology, as well as quantification of aortic valve stenosis. It permits the additional evaluation of the consequences on left ventricular size and, function, wall thickness, mitral valve (functional regurgitation).Haemodynamic assessment can be performed by Doppler echocardiography providing transvalvular gradients and valve areas can be determined by the continuity equation. Recently, MR and CT imaging have gained importance for assessment of valve morphology, ventricular function, and associated aortic disease. In current practice their role in quantifying severity of valve stenosis, however, remains limited. It is important to be aware of the specific limitations and pitfalls of the various measurements. Final judgement should be based on an integrated approach involving all available information. Finally, imaging techniques provide important prognostic information in aortic valve stenosis and have a fundamental impact on the decision making process in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Planning in the Management of Musculoskeletal Tumors - A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Md Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Maiyeen Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tumors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

The prognosis of patients with musculoskeletal tumors has improved markedly because of the advent of new chemotherapeutic drugs and regimens and as a result of advances in imaging and surgical techniques. Limb-salvage operations can currently be performed with better outcomes, while in the past; limbs with tumors were treated only with amputation. Accurate preoperative surgical staging of musculoskeletal tumors is currently possible because imaging techniques provide prognostic information and aid clinicians in choosing the most appropriate treatment option for the patient. The aim of this article is to outline the presentation, imaging, and staging of the primary and metastatic bone and soft tissue tumors. Some of the image-guided interventions for these tumors are also presented.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2016;11(2): 81-85

scholarly journals Cardiac Tumors: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Bussani ◽  
Matteo Castrichini ◽  
Luca Restivo ◽  
Enrico Fabris ◽  
Aldostefano Porcari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Cardiac Tumors ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Imaging Approach ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
Cardiac Masses

Abstract Purpose of Review Cardiac masses frequently present significant diagnostic and therapeutic clinical challenges and encompass a broad set of lesions that can be either neoplastic or non-neoplastic. We sought to provide an overview of cardiac tumors using a cardiac chamber prevalence approach and providing epidemiology, imaging, histopathology, diagnostic workup, treatment, and prognoses of cardiac tumors. Recent Findings Cardiac tumors are rare but remain an important component of cardio-oncology practice. Over the past decade, the advances in imaging techniques have enabled a noninvasive diagnosis in many cases. Indeed, imaging modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography are important tools for diagnosing and characterizing the lesions. Although an epidemiological and multimodality imaging approach is useful, the definite diagnosis requires histologic examination in challenging scenarios, and histopathological characterization remains the diagnostic gold standard. Summary A comprehensive clinical and multimodality imaging evaluation of cardiac tumors is fundamental to obtain a proper differential diagnosis, but histopathology is necessary to reach the final diagnosis and subsequent clinical management.

scholarly journals MELAS Syndrome with Cardiac Involvement: A Multimodality Imaging Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Seitun ◽  
Laura Massobrio ◽  
Anna Rubegni ◽  
Claudia Nesti ◽  
Margherita Castiglione Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Gene Diagnosis ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Imaging Approach

A 49-year-old man presented with chest pain, dyspnea, and lactic acidosis. Left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis were detected. The sequencing of mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) revealed the presence of A to G mtDNA point mutation at position 3243 (m.3243A>G) in tRNALeu(UUR) gene. Diagnosis of cardiac involvement in a patient with Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes syndrome (MELAS) was made. Due to increased risk of sudden cardiac death, cardioverter defibrillator was implanted.

The history of paediatric cardiology on stamps

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hazım A. Gursu ◽  
Ibrahim I. Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Paediatric Cardiology ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Made In

AbstractPaediatric cardiology is arguably the sub-specialty in which the greatest advances have been made in both disease diagnosis and treatment over the past half a century. Paediatric cardiology emerged as a discipline in the 1930s. Since then, advances in imaging techniques such as echocardiography, angiography, CT, or magnetic resonance and extracorporeal circulation have provided excellent diagnosis and treatment of CHD. The pioneers of paediatric cardiology are more than eponyms, for each used in new and original ways the tools and concepts available in his or her era. This brief overview of the history of paediatric cardiology on stamps begins from William Harvey up to our own time, and includes the milestones in paediatric cardiology.

Myocardial non-compaction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary N. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genetic Entity

Isolated left ventricular non-compaction is a controversial entity which has only been reported in the past 30 years. It is becoming more frequently diagnosed due to the use of echocardiography and MRI. It can present in fetal life, infancy, childhood, and adult life. Clinically, the patient can present with cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac failure, systemic emboli due to thrombosis within the ventricles, and sudden death. It can be a genetic entity associated with mutations in many genes associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. It is a rare entity found at autopsy and is more common in children than adults. In the past the prognosis has been considered worse in children then in adults. Treatment is usually empirical, dealing with the cardiac failure, arrhythmias, and thromboemboli.

scholarly journals Bacterial Vivisection: How Fluorescence-Based Imaging Techniques Shed a Light on the Inner Workings of Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Cambré ◽  
Abram Aertsen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY The rise in fluorescence-based imaging techniques over the past 3 decades has improved the ability of researchers to scrutinize live cell biology at increased spatial and temporal resolution. In microbiology, these real-time vivisections structurally changed the view on the bacterial cell away from the “watery bag of enzymes” paradigm toward the perspective that these organisms are as complex as their eukaryotic counterparts. Capitalizing on the enormous potential of (time-lapse) fluorescence microscopy and the ever-extending pallet of corresponding probes, initial breakthroughs were made in unraveling the localization of proteins and monitoring real-time gene expression. However, later it became clear that the potential of this technique extends much further, paving the way for a focus-shift from observing single events within bacterial cells or populations to obtaining a more global picture at the intra- and intercellular level. In this review, we outline the current state of the art in fluorescence-based vivisection of bacteria and provide an overview of important case studies to exemplify how to use or combine different strategies to gain detailed information on the cell’s physiology. The manuscript therefore consists of two separate (but interconnected) parts that can be read and consulted individually. The first part focuses on the fluorescent probe pallet and provides a perspective on modern methodologies for microscopy using these tools. The second section of the review takes the reader on a tour through the bacterial cell from cytoplasm to outer shell, describing strategies and methods to highlight architectural features and overall dynamics within cells.

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