scholarly journals ЕЗИКОВАТА КОНДЕНЗАЦИЯ КАТО ТЕНДЕНЦИЯ В МЕДИЙНИЯ ДИСКУРС / LANGUAGE CONDENSATION AS A TREND IN MEDIA DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (PR) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
VERKA SASHEVA SASHEVA

The paper discusses cases of language condensation (language economy) caused by social changes in media electronic texts created during the pandemic. Special emphasis is placed on lexical and syntactic condensation. The following major cases of lexical condensation have emerged: participle adjectivization and substantivisation, new biaspectual verbs with the suffix -iram/-iziram, nouns formed by means of suffixation from motivating biaspectual verbs, abbreviation and composition as word-formation mechanisms, appositive collocations. The following cases of syntactic condensation are observed: monocomponential subjectless sentences with personal indefinite reference containing the predicate karantiniram (to quarantine) and the omission of the phrase de-noting the active subject in passive constructions. The study also highlights the relation-ship between the tendency towards linguistic condensation and other interlingual trends of development in grammar. Conclusions are drawn about the reasons for language condensation in texts related to the coronavirus, which are determined not only linguistically but also pragmatically. Keywords: language condensation (language economy), social changes, lexical condensation, syntactic condensation, adjectivization, substantivization, biaspectual verbs, Bulgarian language

Author(s):  
N.N. Zaitseva

The lexical level is the most mobile part of the language system. This mobility is in many respects caused by word-formation mechanisms. In live informal conversation the process of occurrence of new words is continuous and active. The basic part of new words is created according to productive models. The share of occasional ways in word-formation is less. However, it grows, as the occasional way in itself is more expressive and more emphatic. In the work we will pay attention to the words created by means of one of the ways of occasional word-formation.


Author(s):  
Elena Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
Olga Prokhorova ◽  
Igor Chekulay ◽  
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...  

The article deals with cognitive models underlying the process of plant categorization by the speakers. Having analyzed 200 names of herbs and flowers in English, the authors differentiated three cognitive models, which the phytonyms categorization is based on: metaphoric, metonymic and propositional. It is shown that "the codes of culture", or in other words, well-known realia, are used as sources for nomination; on their basis typical cognitive models are formed. Since the names of flowers and herbs in the English language are mostly compound words, the identified cognitive models are described taking into account the action of the cognitive word-formation mechanisms of proverse and reverse. The first mechanism structure of a phytonym presupposes the direct order of compound-word components as a result of the initial word-combination integration. This word building mechanism is typical of the compound structures "adjective / verb + noun". The reversive mechanism represents the inner structure of a phytonym as a result of reverse transformation of the word-combination initial components. This type of mechanism is characteristic of the phytonyms created on the basis of the structures "noun + noun", "noun + ' + noun". The article describes the models of proverse and reverse structuring, which are typical of English phytonyms. The prospects of the research are to study the cognitive models and mechanisms underlying plant nomination in a comparative aspect based on the material of several languages.


Author(s):  
Félix Rodríguez González ◽  
Anna-Brita Stenström

The aim of this paper is threefold: first, to introduce the topic of youth slang by giving an overview of its main characteristics; second, to show the different word-formation processes that slang has to make the speaker’s message more expressive; and third, to study the extent to which these two aspects are reflected in two corpora representing London and Madrid youth language. The present study is based, primarily, on an inventory of the top ten ‘proper’ and ‘dirty’ slang words in each language variety with particular emphasis on the speakers’ age and gender, and, secondarily, on the entire corpus data, which showed great agreement with the features outlined in the overview of the main characteristics of youth slang, while the most obvious word-formation mechanisms turned out to be related to change of form and change of meaning.


2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 461-469
Author(s):  
Andreja Žele ◽  
Boris Kern

Changes in lexicon and syntax in modern SlovenianBecause of the multifunctional expansion of texts and lexis are the borrow semantic-syntactic features of today’s lexems already a part of system of Slovenian language. Lexical changes, i.e. the properties and the capacity of word-formation/semantic change of modern lexemes, are analysed particularly from the perspective of a high degree of borrowing. In connection with a high de­gree ofborrowed word-formational propositions of neologisms one can note an increase in certain types of suffixes, largely observed in compounds; in connection with borrowed elements systemic unpredictability of formation is highlighted.From the standpoint of syntactic/valence changes the most frequent change is from monovalent verbs to divalent verbs, e.g. abstinirati glasovanje ‘to abstain voting’, blefirati veselje ‘to fake enjoyment’, diplomirati/magistrirati/doktorirati zgodovino ‘to BA/MD/PhD history’.In an increasingly more popular use of agglutinative words certain Slovene prefixes may only preserve their phase quality, e.g. zaasfaltirati, zamoralizirati, zmasakrirati, while others may indi­rectly express social changes, e.g. the prefix ‘pre-’ as in predefinirati ukaze ‘to predefine orders’. Greater individualisation is seen in the use of the pronominal prefix ‘sam-’ in increasingly more extended compounds such as samoaktualizirati potrebe ‘to selfmodernise the needs’ etc.Zmiany leksykalne i składniowe we współczesnym języku słoweńskimW wyniku rozszerzenia wielofunkcyjności tekstowej i leksykalnej oraz wysokiego stopnia za­pożyczeń w ramach właściwości znaczeniowo-składniowych dochodzi do zmian w systemie języka słoweńskiego. Zmiany leksykalne, tak zwane właściwości słowotwórczo-znaczeniowe, i potencjał słowotwórczy nowego słownictwa są analizowane przede wszystkim w kontekście wysokiego sto­pnia zapożyczania. W związku z tym, że podstawy nowych derywatów są w dużej mierze zapoży­czane, można zauważyć znaczący wzrost użycia tylko niektórych prefiksów. Szczególnie częste są złożenia. Charakterystyczna jest jednocześnie nieprzewidywalność derywacji.W przypadku innowacji składniowych i walencyjnych najczęstsza jest zmiana czasowników jednowalencyjnych na dwuwalencyjne, na przykład abstinirati glasovanje ‘powstrzymywać się od głosowania’, blefirati veselje ‘udawać radość’, diplomirati/magistrirati/doktorirati zgodovino ‘ukończyć studia licencjackie/magister-skie/doktoranckie z historii’.W związku z coraz częstszym użyciem derywatów prefiksalnych niektóre słoweńskie przedro­stki mogą wyrażać tylko fazowość, na przykład zaasfaltirati, zamoralizirati, zmasakrirati, podczas gdy inne pośrednio wskazują na zmiany społeczne, dla przykładu pre-: predefinirati ukaze ‘prze­definiować rozporządzenie’. Na większą indywidualizację wskazuje przyimkowy formant sam- w coraz bardziej powszechnych zrostach samoaktualizirati potrebe ‘samoaktualizować potrzeby’.


Author(s):  
Johanna Laakso

In Finno-Ugric linguistics, words are usually analyzed in terms of stems and affixes instead of abstract monosyllabic ‘roots’ in the Indo-European sense. However, there have been attempts to introduce the concept of ‘root’ alongside the historically disyllabic stems, in order to account for less regular connections between words and the non-canonic word formation mechanisms of the expressive vocabulary. Here, a few such attempts are critically analyzed in their historical and ideological contexts.Kokkuvõte. Johanna Laakso: Tagasi juurte juurde? Arutlus “juure” mõiste üle soome-ugri keeleteaduses. Soome-ugri keeleteaduses on tavaks vaadelda sõnu tüvede ja liidetena, mitte abstraktsete ühesilbiliste juurtena indoeuroopa keeleteaduse mõistes. Ajalooliselt kahesilbiliste tüvede kõrval on püütud tarvitusele võtta ka juure mõiste, et seletada ekspressiivsele sõnavarale omaseid vähem reeglipäraseid sõnadevahelisi seoseid ning sõnamoodustusmehhanisme. Artiklis võetakse kriitiliselt vaatluse alla mõned neist katsetest nende ajaloolises ja ideoloogilises kontekstis.Märksõnad: soome-ugri keeled; ungari keel; soome keel; sõnastruktuur; etümoloogia; juur; keeleteaduse ajalugu; ekspressiivsed sõnad


2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (PR) ◽  
pp. 205-223
Author(s):  
TEODORA ILIEVA

The study examines occasionalisms excerpted from Bulgarian media texts in the short time span from 2014 to 2020. These newly coined words with strong semantic and emotional intensity are the lexical emanation of Bulgarian ethnopsychology. They represent the linguistic picture of the divided and dichotomised Bulgarian society cha-racterised by egocentricity, ethnoresistance, strive for globalisation, local selfconsciousness, slave complex, fault-finding, imitation of foreign fashions and at the same time – the stigmatisation of everything foreign, among others. The paper analyses occasionalisms as linguistic codes for deciphering the Bulgarian phenotype. They have been grouped according to 11 key ethnopsychological indicators that served as a prerequisite for exploring the participation of occasionalisms in ususbased and nonusus based relations and their connotative dimension, in particular – whether their emotional expressiveness is negative- or positive-evaluative. Further, the author has studied the various word-formation devices occasionalisms employ and has identified both word-formation representations based on familiar linguistic models – ones using a single pattern or a contamination of two or three patterns – and original combinations of two derivational means. Loanwords motivating the formation of occasionalisms have been identified as well. Keywords: media text, Bulgarian phenotype, usus, occasional word-formation, derivational devices, Bulgarian language


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-285
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Smirnova ◽  
Svetlana Shustova

Abstract This study is a corpus-based examination of denominal verbs with figurative meanings in the British business broadsheet The “Financial Times”. Based on the study of word-formation as the source of metaphoricity (Brdar & Brdar-Szabó, 2013; Janda, 2011, 2014; Steen et al., 2010) and propositional analysis (Pankrats, 1992; Steen, 2002), it presents the classification of such verbs, and discusses how and why denominal verbs with metaphorical meanings were used in the journalistic discourse about business. The empirical base of this study was a 621,000 word corpus of articles from The “Financial Times” from the years 2014–2015. The authors conclude that the frequency of denominal verbs is due to the conceptual and evaluative functions of metaphor. There is consideration of the implications of these findings for linguists, translators, ESP students and those interested in corpus research into metaphor.


Author(s):  
Alexandra Kunkova ◽  

The article looks at word-formation categories in the “Tale of Bygone Years” from the cogni-tive perspective, specifically focusing on nominal suffixed derivatives as one of the most pro-ductive groups of derivative lexemes in the text of the manuscript. The author makes a num-ber of observations on the “internal form of the language” — i. e. specific forms of expression of thought and their grammatical realization as well as the creative and intellectual activity of human thinking. The primary purpose of the article is to determine the ratio of derivative and non-derivative nouns, to identify the most productive means of word formation, primary word-formation categories and their conceptual structure, and to analyze word-formation models that guide the process of cognition. We used content analysis to categorize common nouns in terms of their productivity/non-productivity and to determine word-formation mechanisms that are characteristic for the text. The statistical method was used to identify key word-formation methods and categories of nominal derivatives, while the descriptive-analytical method was used to describe their conceptual structure. In the course of the study, we identified primary word-formation categories which gave us a better idea of the medieval language consciousness which seems to have been characterized by an extensive system of word-formation suffixes. In particular, the word-formation act reveals a close interweaving of sensory and speculative perception and an interdependence of the structures of knowledge and evaluation of the world. In addition, the study revealed a high generative potential of core non-derivative concepts that underly the ancient Slavic language picture of the world. The results of the study confirm the hypothesis that the ancient man had developed abstract think-ing, and exteriorization of its conceptual system at all stages of its development was largely realized by original linguistic means. The theoretical significance of this research project lies in the synchronous study of word-formation processes as well as in applying axiological methods to the study of the linguistic picture of the world. Its practical conclusions throw fresh light at language as activity and demonstrate the high potential of original word-formation means of the Old Slavonic language. The results of this research can be used in theoretical courses in anthropo- and ethnolinguistics as well as in teaching Russian as a foreign language for advanced students.


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