ЕЗИКОВАТА КОНДЕНЗАЦИЯ КАТО ТЕНДЕНЦИЯ В МЕДИЙНИЯ ДИСКУРС / LANGUAGE CONDENSATION AS A TREND IN MEDIA DISCOURSE

The paper discusses cases of language condensation (language economy) caused by social changes in media electronic texts created during the pandemic. Special emphasis is placed on lexical and syntactic condensation. The following major cases of lexical condensation have emerged: participle adjectivization and substantivisation, new biaspectual verbs with the suffix -iram/-iziram, nouns formed by means of suffixation from motivating biaspectual verbs, abbreviation and composition as word-formation mechanisms, appositive collocations. The following cases of syntactic condensation are observed: monocomponential subjectless sentences with personal indefinite reference containing the predicate karantiniram (to quarantine) and the omission of the phrase de-noting the active subject in passive constructions. The study also highlights the relation-ship between the tendency towards linguistic condensation and other interlingual trends of development in grammar. Conclusions are drawn about the reasons for language condensation in texts related to the coronavirus, which are determined not only linguistically but also pragmatically. Keywords: language condensation (language economy), social changes, lexical condensation, syntactic condensation, adjectivization, substantivization, biaspectual verbs, Bulgarian language

Objective / subjective information strategies in electronic German media

The article is devoted to the research of linguistic implementation of objective / subjective information strategies in the complex of electronic texts (article + comments) from modern German media. The material of the research was the primary texts of messages on topical issues from the newspaper ZEIT ONLINE and the magazine Focus Online as well as secondary texts of messages in the form of comments from the general reader. According to the analysis it is obvious that the strategic program in the studied discursive space is a complex multicomponent system due to both the intentional attitudes of the sender of the message and the special conditions of interaction in the Internet space. The topicality of the research is determined by consideration of verbal organization and implementation of the information strategies chosen for analysis and sorted on the objectivity subjectivity scale. The author emphasizes the use of means of different levels of the German language in the process of overlapping and intentional change of strategies. The emphasis is made on the fact that the strategic program of the message sender in the electronic environment can be guessed by the recipient, but there is no further continuation in the comments. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that in electronic German media a commentator, choosing suitable strategies of his own can turn the polemics based on what he read in the article into a new direction. In the course of the language analysis, it is noticed that for an electronic article, strategies of objective information are the most typically ones (detail strategy, information and interpretation strategy, logical persuasion strategy and evasion of the truth strategy), and for an electronic comment, it is more common the choice of subjective information strategy (control over the topic strategy, feelings appeal strategies and evaluation strategies).

WORD FORMATION OF WEATHER LEXIS IN THE ONLINE NARRATIVE OF WEATHER NEWS STORIES (ON THE MATERIAL OF BRITISH NEWSPAPERS)

The aim of the investigation is to study word formation processes in the semantics of weather lexis in the online narrative of weather news stories in British newspapers.Methods. The source base of the study is represented by a corpus of electronic texts of the new genre “weather news story” in British electronic quality (www.thetimes.co.uk, www.theguardian.com/uk) and mass (www.www.thesun.co.uk, www.thedailymail.co.uk) newspapers (2014–2017). The research is methodologically based on structural-semantic and functional research methods. The application of a functional approach in our study enables the identification of the specifics of functioning and organization of lexical units in the contextual environment of the online narrative taking into account their role in the formation of content and meaning of weather news stories. At the same time, the use of descriptive and comparative methods allows revealing more deeply the individual (author) features of the texts under study.Results. A review of the literature confirms the idea that the creation of new words is based on the models and word formation types that are already established in the language or re-emerging. The modern word formation of weather lexis in weather news stories is characterized by typical methods of word formation, among which we distinguish the affixation, compounding, blending, shortening, and conversion. The common types of word formation in the genre under research are affixation and compounding. The most common prefixes are prefixes with the contrasting semantics un-, anti-, de- and the diminutive prefix mini-, among the noun suffixes -ation, -er, -ism, ity, -ness and adjective suffixes y, -ly, -al, -ic, -ish, -ent, -ous. Both dictionary (normative) and occasional (author) forms are distinguished. The use of occasional forms serves as an expressive means of reflecting the author’s worldview, where the author deliberately violates language norms to provide a certain expressive background to the story.Conclusions. The analysis of word formation of weather lexis in weather news stories shows that its organization occurs through the prism of word formation features of the narrative and diversifies weather news stories.Key words: word formation, lexis, abbreviation, shortening, compounding, blending, conversion, weather news story. Мета. Мета статті – дослідження дериваційних процесів у семантиці номінацій погоди в онлайн-наративі про погодні новини британських газет.Методи. Джерельна база дослідження представлена корпусом електронних текстів неожанру weather news story інтернет-версій британських періодичних якісних (www.thetimes.co.uk, www.theguardian.com/uk) і масових (www.www.thesun.co.uk, www.thedailymail.co.uk) видань (2014–2017 рр.). Дослідження методологічно ґрунтується на положеннях структурно-семантичного та функційного методів. Застосування функційного підходу у проєкції на наше дослідження дає змогу виявити спе-цифіку функціювання й організації лексичних одиниць у контекстуальному середовищі онлайн-наративу з огляду на їх роль у процесі змісто- та смислотворення погодних новин. Водночас застосовано описовий і порівняльний методи, які допомогли глибше розкрити індивідуально-авторські особливості текстів онлайн-наративу про погодні новини.Результати. Досліджено дериваційні процеси у семантиці номінацій погоди. Здійснений огляд літератури підтвердив ідею про те, що творення нових слів відбувається за тими моделями, за тими словотворчими типами, які вже встановилися в мові або знову виникають. Сучасному дериваційному процесу номінацій погоди в ОНПН властиві типові способи словотворення, серед яких виокремлюємо афіксальний спосіб, спосіб словоскладання, телескопію, скорочення і конверсію. Найпоширені-шими способами словотворення у корпусі дослідження є афіксальний і словоскладання. Найпоширенішими префіксами, які слугували утворенню нових номінацій погоди, є префікси з контрарною семантикою un-, anti-, de- та зменшувальний префікс mini-, серед суфіксів ‒ відіменникові -ation, -er, -ism, ity, -ness і відприкметникові y, -ly, -al, -ic, -ish, -ent, -ous. У корпусі досліджуваних текстів виокремлено узуальні/словникові й оказіональні/авторські форми. Визначено, що вживання оказіональних форм слугує експресивним засобом вираження індивідуально-авторської мовної картини, де автор свідомо порушує мовні норми, аби надати певного експресивного фону оповіді.Висновки. Проведений аналіз дериваційних процесів у семантиці номінацій погоди в онлайн-наративі про погодні новини показав, що організація лексичних одиниць на позначення погоди відбувається крізь призму словотвірних особливостей оповіді. Дериваційні процеси в семантиці номінацій погоди зумовили наявність широкої палітри лексики в ОНПН, яка демонструє авторський чинник його організації та урізноманітнює оповідь.Ключові слова: словотвір, лексика, абревіація, скорочення, словоскладання, телескопія, конверсія, weather news story.

The Delights of Writing

As the core of writing ability, language use is one of the most critical training objectives in teaching the Chinese language. In the Chinese study, writing is a continuous and non-linear process that contributes to the higher-order thinking ability through discovery, conception, generation, and evaluation. Writing could be affected by the social environment and personal factors. The cultivation and improvement of writing ability have always been a difficult task for both teachers and students. Multidimensional electronic texts can help students increase visual and auditory sensory stimulation, help students immerse in practical or imitated context, strengthen the academic foundation such as words or phrases, and article structure to experience vivid and exciting writing. This article will combine the specific teaching case to explain further how multidimensional electronic texts can cultivate and improve students’ writing ability in actual teaching.

Multidimensional Electronic Texts Benefits Literacy Learning

Chinese class is an essential subject in humanities and social science, with the characteristics of instrumentality and humanity, and the concentration on students’ language construction, cultural understanding, thinking development, and aesthetic appreciation. Meanwhile, the development of Chinese language literacy must be based on words cognitive and language using abilities. The application of multidimensional electronic texts is helpful to Chinese literacy teaching and the development of students’ wisdom. Specifically, the multidimensional electronic text contains assorted new words and a series of words and paragraphs, including group study requirements, reading, dubbing, paragraph generalization, summary, central ideas, writing features, word assessment, etc. This article analyzed specific supporting functions of multidimensional electronic texts in teaching Chinese character “literacy”; It analyzed and showed the specific application methods of multidimensional electronic texts in primary school literacy teaching roles, promoting students’ wisdom development by selecting specific cases.

Digital humanities and development of the biographical method

The article deals with the methodological foundations of the biographical method in the context of digital humanities. The bidirectional character of biography leads us to the problem’s methodological level: social predicament of the individual world and reciprocal determinability of the social world by the individual world. The biographical method is closely linked to thematization of subjectivity. The biographical method’ s methodological problems are connected with context, reference, authenticity, and reflexivity. The authors link the biographical method with memory studies and emphasize that the turn to memory is associated with many theoretical questions and controversies related to the status of history as a science and its relation to the field of human memory. The multidirectional biography studies reveal the lack of a conceptual apparatus, common for the interdisciplinary space of humanities, which allows to develop the criteria for comparability of scientific research results. The authors associate the further development of the biographical method with the development of the modern information society. They note the prospects of using the methods of digital humanities associated with the search, selection and analysis of texts presented in digital form. The rationale for this thesis is that at present there is a constant increase of electronic texts that can be used both for the development of the biographical method and serve as its empirical base. The article demonstrates the possibility of applying the biographical method using the tools of digital humanities on the examples of research on the history of science, which are part of the world’s cultural heritage.

POLYSEMANTICS AND FIL TICS AND FILTER IN SEM TER IN SEMANTIC TAGGING SY GGING SYSTEM

Background. Semantic markup is an issue that has been thoroughly studied by experts. If the first generation of language corpora was a collection of electronic texts, then a tool with a query-responsive interface was later formed into literal corporations with linguistic and extralinguistic markings. Linguistically marked corpuses were initially only morphological, then morpho-syntactic, and in recent years the perfect form of linguistic marking - the corpus with morphological, syntactic and semantic markings - has undergone a stage of development. The introduction of semantic markup into the case was initially based on theory, while semantic marking problems were explored. Yu.D. Apresyan, I.M. Boguslavskiy, B.L. Iomdin, E.V. Biryaltsev, A.M. Elizarov, N.G. Jiltsov, V.V. Ivanov, O.A. Nevzorova, V.D. Solovev, I.S. Kononenko, E.A. Sidorova, The research of E.I. Yakovchuk, E.V. Rakhilina, G.I. Kustova, O.N. Lyashevskaya, T.I. Reznikova, O.Yu. Shemanaeva, A.A. Kretov can be included in such works

Reading Platforms

Reflecting on the history and future of the book, the chapter imagines several possible alternatives to electronic texts as we know them today. The terms “platform” and “format” guide a speculative exploration through an archive of extant literary technologies—micrographic prints, Computexts, HyperCards, and ePUBs—and consideration of these distant materialities and their associated practices, interfaces, and affordances. The way in which a book’s spine or a reading chair realign the positions of the back, eye, and hand suggests another type of structuring when reading electronically, within environments made of polymer, rare metals, and liquid crystal. How does one mold the human senses to fit such alien media? The history of electronic books ultimately attests to the process of trans-mediation, contested at the boundary of hardware—paper or silicon—and software—body and code.