scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training and Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Muscular Strength in Female Collegiate Softball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Nurul Jannat Raja Hussain ◽  
Maisarah Shari
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lower Body Strength

Strength and conditioning coaches frequently use traditional resistance training (TRT) to build strength. However, in recent years, whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) was used in elite athletes to increase muscle strength. This study aimed to assess the effect of two different types of training on muscular strength. Sixty female collegiate players (Age = 23.52±1.89 years, Height = 156.20±1.71cm; Mass = 53.21±3.17kg) participated in this study and were randomly assigned to three training groups. All groups trained as usual for eight weeks, except for the first group, which received additional TRT. The second group received additional electrical stimulation training, and the third group did not receive any additional training following the regular softball bat swing training. Muscular strength (upper and lower body) was assessed by a 3RM bench press and a 3RM squat test before and after the eight-week programme. The primary findings indicate that after eight weeks of training, upper body and lower body strength increased significantly in both the TRT and WB-EMS groups (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000, respectively) in comparison to the control group. However, the t value indicated that the TRT group improved both upper body strength (20.18) and lower body strength (29.18) more than the WB-EMS group (upper body = 6.18; lower body = 6.47). The findings demonstrate the efficacy of both training modalities for increasing muscular strength and suggest that TRT be prioritised over whole-body electrical stimulation training for increasing muscular strength in collegiate softball players.

Decreased Serum Levels of C-Terminal Agrin in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryn S. Willoughby ◽  
Kaitlan N. Beretich ◽  
Marcus Chen ◽  
LesLee K. Funderburk
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lower Body Strength

Elevated circulating C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) is a marker of neuromuscular junction degradation and sarcopenia. This study sought to determine if resistance training (RT) impacted the serum levels of CAF in perimenopausal (PERI-M) and postmenopausal (POST-M) women. A total of 35 women, either PERI-M or POST-M, participated in 10 weeks of RT. Body composition, muscle strength, and serum estradiol and CAF were determined before and after the RT. The data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (p ≤ .05). Upper body and lower body strength was significantly increased, by 81% and 73% and 86% and 79% for the PERI-M and POST-M participants, respectively; however, there were no significant changes in body composition. Estradiol was significantly less for the POST-M participants at pretraining compared with the PERI-M participants. CAF moderately increased by 22% for the PERI-M participants in response to RT, whereas it significantly decreased by 49% for the POST-M participants. Ten weeks of RT reduced the circulating CAF in the POST-M women and might play a role in attenuating degenerative neuromuscular junction changes.

Effects of exercise on cancer-related fatigue and muscular strength in patients with breast cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11507-11507
Author(s):  
Po-Ju Lin ◽  
Kah Poh Loh ◽  
Julia Ellen Inglis ◽  
Richard Francis Dunne ◽  
Ian Kleckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Body Strength

11507 Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a persistent daily lack of energy commonly experienced by breast cancer (BC) patients. Due to CRF, BC patients have difficulties carrying out daily activities, become less active and consequently reduce muscular strength. Exercise can improve muscular strength and increase energy level; therefore it may alleviate CRF. This phase II RCT assessed the effects of exercise on CRF and muscular strength in BC patients. Methods: Ninety BC patients (55.5±9.6 years, 79% white, 48% and 46% under radiation or hormone therapy) were randomized into two arms: a 6-week Exercise for Cancer Patients (EXCAP) program or standard care (Control). EXCAP is a home-based, personalized, progressive exercise program combining aerobic walking and resistance band training. The Brief Fatigue Inventory was used to assess CRF and CRF interference with daily activities and a 7-10 repetition maximum chest press and leg extension strength test was used to assess upper- and lower-body strength at pre- and post-intervention. T-tests and ANCOVA with pre-intervention as the covariate were used to analyze within- and between-group changes, respectively. Results: Participants in the EXCAP group decreased CRF (-0.9±0.3, p = 0.01) and CRF interference with daily activities (-1.1±0.3, p < 0.01) from pre- to post-intervention while participants in the Control group did not. The mean improvement (from pre- to post-intervention) in CRF and CRF interference of daily activities for the EXCAP group were significantly higher than the change in the Control group (both p < 0.01). Participants in the EXCAP group increased upper- (3.9±1.4, p < 0.01) and lower-body strength (6.4±1.3, p < 0.01) from pre- to post-intervention, while participants in the Control group did not. The mean increase (from pre- to post-intervention) in lower-body strength for the EXCAP group was significantly higher than the change in the Control group (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Exercise combining aerobic walking and resistance band training reduces CRF and CRF interference with daily activities and improves muscular strength in BC patients. Results from this study provide further evidence of the benefits of exercise for supportive cancer care. Clinical trial information: NCT00851812.

scholarly journals Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Physical Fitness in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez ◽  
Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido ◽  
Vicenç Hernandez-Gonzalez ◽  
Joaquín Reverter-Masia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
The Impact

Whole-body electromyostiulation (WB-EMS) has experienced a boom in recent years, even though its effectiveness is controversial. A sedentary lifestyle is deeply rooted in the European population, mainly in the elderly. This experimental study analyzed the impact of WB-EMS on the physical fitness of postmenopausal women. Thirty-four healthy sedentary women between 55 and 69 years followed an experimental design pre–post-test. Both groups conducted a ten-week aerobic and strength training program. The experimental group overlaid the WB-EMS during exercise. At the end of the intervention, both groups improved upper and lower body strength, lower extremity flexibility, agility, and speed levels (pBonferroni < 0.05). Significant interactions were observed at upper and lower body strength, agility, speed, and cardiovascular endurance (p < 0.05). The WB-EMS group scored better agility than the control group at the end of the intervention (pBonferroni < 0.05) and was the only group that improved cardiovascular endurance. WB-EMS shows a favorable isolate effect on the development of dynamic leg strength, agility, and cardiovascular endurance but did not in dynamic arm strength, gait speed, balance, or flexibility of postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Creatine Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass in Older Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3757
Author(s):  
Ellem Eduarda Pinheiro dos Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Cappato de de Araújo ◽  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Jaddy Antunes Guijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength

Sarcopenia refers to the age-related loss of muscle strength and muscle mass, which is associated with a reduced quality of life, particularly in older females. Resistance training (RT) is well established to be an effective intervention to counter indices of sarcopenia. Accumulating research indicates that the addition of creatine supplementation (Cr) to RT augments gains in muscle strength and muscle mass, compared to RT alone. However, some evidence indicates that sex differences may alter the effectiveness of Cr. Therefore, we systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of Cr + RT on measures of upper- and lower-body strength and muscle mass in older females. A systematic literature search was performed in nine electronic databases. Ten RCTs (N = 211 participants) were included the review. Overall, Cr significantly increased measures of upper-body strength (7 studies, n = 142, p = 0.04), with no effect on lower-body strength or measures of muscle mass. Sub-analyses revealed that both upper-body (4 studies, n = 97, p = 0.05) and lower-body strength (4 studies, n = 100, p = 0.03) were increased by Cr, compared to placebo in studies ≥ 24 weeks in duration. In conclusion, older females supplementing with Cr experience significant gains in muscle strength, especially when RT lasts for at least 24 weeks in duration. However, given the level of evidence, future high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Development of Maximal Dynamic Strength During Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Training in Untrained, Moderately Trained, and Trained Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-1010
Author(s):  
Henrik Petré ◽  
Erik Hemmingsson ◽  
Hans Rosdahl ◽  
Niklas Psilander
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Maximal Dynamic Strength

Abstract Background The effect of concurrent training on the development of maximal strength is unclear, especially in individuals with different training statuses. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to compare the effect of concurrent resistance and endurance training with that of resistance training only on the development of maximal dynamic strength in untrained, moderately trained, and trained individuals. Methods On the basis of the predetermined criteria, 27 studies that compared effects between concurrent and resistance training only on lower-body 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength were included. The effect size (ES), calculated as the standardised difference in mean, was extracted from each study, pooled, and analysed with a random-effects model. Results The 1RM for leg press and squat exercises was negatively affected by concurrent training in trained individuals (ES =  – 0.35, p < 0.01), but not in moderately trained ( – 0.20, p = 0.08) or untrained individuals (ES = 0.03, p = 0.87) as compared to resistance training only. A subgroup analysis revealed that the negative effect observed in trained individuals occurred only when resistance and endurance training were conducted within the same training session (ES same session =  – 0.66, p < 0.01 vs. ES different sessions =  – 0.10, p = 0.55). Conclusion This study demonstrated the novel and quantifiable effects of training status on lower-body strength development and shows that the addition of endurance training to a resistance training programme may have a negative impact on lower-body strength development in trained, but not in moderately trained or untrained individuals. This impairment seems to be more pronounced when training is performed within the same session than in different sessions. Trained individuals should therefore consider separating endurance from resistance training during periods where the development of dynamic maximal strength is prioritised.

scholarly journals The relationship between second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), muscle strength and body composition to bone mineral density in young women

Kinesiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
Hamid Arazi ◽  
Ehsan Eghbali
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
The Relationship

2D:4D ratio is determined by balance between androgens and estrogens. Low level estrogen reduces bone mineral density (BMD) and incurs negative changes to bone microarchitecture, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and, as a consequence, fracture risk in women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between 2D:4D, muscle strength and body composition to BMD in young women. One hundred twenty-seven young women (age range 24-36 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Lengths of the second (index) and fourth (ring) fingers, upper and lower body strength and body composition (body mass index, BMI; waist to hip ratio, WHR) and body fat percentage were estimated. Also, blood levels of calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were evaluated and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device was used to measure BMD in the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). The results showed that digit ratios, upper body and lower body muscle strength, BMI and fat percentage had a positive relationship with LS and FN BMD (LS BMD: r=.47, r=.56, r=.46, r=.34, r=.28, p≤.001, respectively; FN BMD: r=.34, r=.49, r=.51, r=.45, r=.27, p≤.001, respectively). In addition, there was no significant relationship between WHR and BMD of LS and FN (p˃.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed the upper body strength was a stronger determinant of LS BMD and the lower body strength was a stronger determinant of FN BMD. Based on the results, the researchers concluded that upper and lower body strength, 2D:4D ratios and BMI were important determinants of young women’s BMD. Also, it seemed that some of these factors may be able to help predicting the osteoporosis potential in young women

scholarly journals Comparison of upper body strength gains between men and women after 10 weeks of resistance training

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Maria C. Pereira ◽  
Rafael P.M. Castanheira ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Elbow Flexor ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Upper Body Strength ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Flexor Strength

Resistance training (RT) offers benefits to both men and women. However, the studies about the differences between men and women in response to an RT program are not conclusive and few data are available about upper body strength response. The aim of this study was to compare elbow flexor strength gains in men and women after 10 weeks of RT. Forty-four college-aged men (22.63 ± 2.34 years) and forty-seven college-aged women (21.62 ± 2.96 years) participated in the study. The RT program was performed two days a week for 10 weeks. Before and after the training period, peak torque (PT) of the elbow flexors was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. PT values were higher in men in comparison to women in pre- and post-tests (p< 0.01). Both males and females significantly increased elbow flexor strength (p< 0.05); however, strength changes did not differ between genders after 10 weeks of RT program (11.61 and 11.76% for men and women, respectively;p> 0.05). Effect sizes were 0.57 and 0.56 for men and women, respectively. In conclusion, the present study suggests that men and women have a similar upper body strength response to RT.

The Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Upper and Lower Body Strength in Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Chantelle C. Lachance ◽  
Kenji Kenno ◽  
Patricia L. Weir ◽  
Kelly M. Carr ◽  
Nancy McNevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training

Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain With Physical Fitness in Childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Konstantinos D. Tambalis ◽  
Stamatis Mourtakos ◽  
Labros S. Sidossis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Prepregnancy Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Upper Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength

Purpose: To investigate the potential associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (mppBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with physical fitness in children. Methods: A random sample of 5125 children and their mothers was evaluated. The mothers provided data contained in their medical booklets and pregnancy ultrasound records. The data from 5 physical fitness tests (eg, 20-m shuttle run, 30-m sprint, vertical jump, standing long jump, and small ball throw) were used to assess children’s cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, explosive power, and lower and upper body strength, respectively. Results: MppBMI was inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (b = −0.02), lower body strength (b = −1.01), upper body strength (b = −0.07), and speed (b = 0.04). Also, GWG was unfavorably associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (b = −0.02), lower body strength (b = −1.12), upper body strength (b = −0.03), and speed (b = 0.03), after adjusting for sex, birth weight, and children’s BMI (all P values < .05). Children of mothers with an mppBMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and excess GWG had almost 30% and 20% increased odds for low performances in physical fitness tests than those of mothers with an mppBMI < 25 kg/m2 and adequate GWG, respectively. Conclusions: Antenatal factors such as increased mppBMI and excess GWG could play an unfavorable role in the future health of the offspring.

scholarly journals Effects on walking performance and lower body strength by short message service guided training after stroke or transient ischemic attack (The STROKEWALK Study): a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 026921552095434
Author(s):  
Birgit Vahlberg ◽  
Erik Lundström ◽  
Staffan Eriksson ◽  
Ulf Holmbäck ◽  
Tommy Cederholm
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Ischemic Attack

Objective: To evaluate whetherdaily mobile-phone delivered messages with training instructions during three months increase physical activity and overall mobility in patients soon after stroke or transient ischemic attack. Design: Randomised controlled trial with intention-to-treat analyses. Setting: University hospital. Data collection from November 2016 until December2018. Subjects: Seventy-nine patients (mean (SD) age 63.9 (10.4) years, 29 were women) were allocated to either intervention ( n = 40) or control group ( n = 39). Participants had to be independent (modified Ranking Scale ⩽2) and able to perform the six-minute walking test at discharge from the hospital. Interventions: The intervention group received standard care and daily mobile phone instructional text messages to perform regular outdoor walking and functional leg exercises. The control group received standard care; that is, primary care follow-up. Main measures: Walking performance by six-minute walking test (m), lower body strength by five times chair-stand test (s), the short physical performance battery (0–12 points) and 10-metres walk test (m/s) were assessed at baseline and after three months. Results: The estimated median difference in the six-minute walking test was in favour of the intervention group by 30 metres (95% CI, 55 to 1; effect size 0.64; P = 0.037) and in the chair-stand test by 0.88 seconds (95% CI, 0.02 to 1.72; effect size 0.64; P = 0.034). There were no differences between groups on the short physical performance battery or in 10-metres walking time. Conclusions: Three months of daily mobile phone text messages with guided training instructions improved composite mobility measures; that is, walking performanceand lower body strength. Clinical Trial Registry: The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT02902367.

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