scholarly journals Public Tendering Practices, Issues and Directions - A Case of Pakistan Construction Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Raza Khoso ◽  
Md Aminah Yusof ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Leghari ◽  
Fida Siddiqui ◽  
Samiullah Sohu
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Data Compilation ◽  
Significant Obstacle ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

Outdated tendering system is a significant obstacle in the momentum of public sector development in Pakistan. This study aims to examine various undiscovered part of public tendering through a detailed survey from key professionals, experts, and decision-makers of public projects. Furthermore, research covers the present status of public tendering in Pakistan and provides recommendations as per experts’ opinion. This paper exhaustively highlights how the classical customs of the public tendering in Pakistan could track the old-fashioned sector to an upright path. Intensive interviews and questionnaire surveys were carried out throughout the country for data compilation. The one-way ANOVA test was performed to verify the perception of various participants and to reject the null hypothesis. The study revealed various interesting facts of present-day situations of public tendering. Various pitfalls in public tendering were underlined in the speculation of experts. The study concluded that public tendering in Pakistan is crowded with severe threats that may be alarming for the future of the industry. Un-discovering of alarming facts about public tendering in Pakistan opens the directions for several researchers in terms of exploring project case studies further. The research is an eye-opener for policymakers, experts, decision-makers and governmental bodies to regulate the public tendering system accordingly.

scholarly journals Electoral Incentives and the Allocation of Public Funds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Finan ◽  
Maurizio Mazzocco
Keyword(s):  
Electoral System ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Politicians allocate public resources in ways that maximize political gains, and potentially at the cost of lower welfare. In this paper, we quantify these welfare costs in the context of Brazil’s federal legislature, which grants its members a budget to fund public projects within their states. Using data from the state of Roraima, we estimate a model of politicians’ allocation decisions and find that 26.8% of the public funds allocated by legislators are distorted relative to a social planner’s allocation. We then use the model to simulate three potential policy reforms to the electoral system: the adoption of approval voting, imposing a one-term limit, and redistricting. We find that a one-term limit and redistricting are both effective at reducing distortions. The one-term limit policy, however, increases corruption, which makes it a welfare-reducing policy.

scholarly journals Web Atlas como Herramienta para la Gestión Integrada Costera: de los Datos al Conocimiento Práctico

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (Vol Esp. 2) ◽  
pp. 427-454
Author(s):  
Sílvia Maria Sartor ◽  
Marcos Reis Rosa ◽  
Juliana Tristão Pires ◽  
Claudio Augusto Oller Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
The Public ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Impact Indicators ◽  
Coastal Area Management ◽  
The One ◽  
Multiple Impact ◽  
Existing Data

Despite the importance of coastal areas to sustainable development, they are poorly known by the public or even by decision-makers. This undermines consistent action towards their protection. Existing data and information, published in very complex language, tend to be restricted to academic use. The Coastal Web Atlas as the one developed here is a tool that makes this information more accessible to managers, by preserving, integrating, comparing, and sharing data as smart maps. The spatial analysis based on multiple impact indicators facilitates the correlation of causes and effects. The Coastal Web Atlas is available to a broad audience and it could be a strong instrument for spatial planning and oversight. The authors propose to improve coastal area management by using colors on maps to decode scientific language to friendly language and to publish it on a geoportal. This technology promotes the use of collected data and enables collaborative work. A pilot experiment is being developed in the Santos Port Region, at the São Paulo state coast, Brazil: http://santoswebatlas.com.br/

scholarly journals Die proses van partikuliere en openbare besluitneming

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
S. S. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Public Decision ◽  
Public Decision Making

Private and public decision-making The interaction between the private and public sectors is important in South Africa. Much criticism is expressed by the one sector against the other. This can be partly attributed to an incomplete understanding of the processes of decision-making in the two sectors, and of the differences between them. A comparison is drawn between the most important elements of the decision-making processes in the two sectors. Public decision-making deals mostly with matters concerning the community and the economy as a whole, whereas private decision-making is concerned mostly with parts of the whole. The aims at which decision-making in the two sectors are directed, differ accordingly, as do the perceptions of the respective decision-makers of the environment in which they make decisions. As a consequence, the criteria for the success of a decision also differ substantially between the two sectors. The implications of these differences between private and public decision-making for the approach to inflation and the financing of housing, are dealt with as examples. Finally, differences between the ways in which decisions are implemented in the two sectors, also appear to be an important cause of much of the criticism from the private sector about decision-making in the public sector.

scholarly journals Logical Contradictions in the One-Way ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer Multiple Comparisons Tests with More Than Two Groups of Observations

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gurvich ◽  
Mariya Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Symmetric Case ◽  
Subject Classification ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
62 Statistics ◽  
The One ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
One Way Anova

We show that the one-way ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer (TK) tests agree on any sample with two groups. This result is based on a simple identity connecting the Fisher–Snedecor and studentized probabilistic distributions and is proven without any additional assumptions; in particular, the standard ANOVA assumptions (independence, normality, and homoscedasticity (INAH)) are not needed. In contrast, it is known that for a sample with k>2 groups of observations, even under the INAH assumptions, with the same significance level α, the above two tests may give opposite results: (i) ANOVA rejects its null hypothesis H0A:μ1=…=μk, while the TK one, H0TK(i,j):μi=μj, is not rejected for any pair i,j∈{1,…,k}; (ii) the TK test rejects H0TK(i,j) for a pair (i,j) (with i≠j), while ANOVA does not reject H0A. We construct two large infinite pseudo-random families of samples of both types satisfying INAH: in case (i) for any k≥3 and in case (ii) for some larger k. Furthermore, case (ii) ANOVA, being restricted to the pair of groups (i,j), may reject equality μi=μj with the same α. This is an obvious contradiction, since μ1=…=μk implies μi=μj for all i,j∈{1,…,k}. Such contradictions appear already in the symmetric case for k=3, or in other words, for three groups of d,d, and c observations with sample means +1,−1, and 0, respectively. We outline conditions necessary and sufficient for this phenomenon. Similar contradictory examples are constructed for the multivariable linear regression (MLR). However, for these constructions, it seems difficult to verify the Gauss–Markov assumptions, which are standardly required for MLR. Mathematics Subject Classification: 62 Statistics.

scholarly journals The political economy of public participation in natural hazard decisions – a theoretical review and an exemplary case of the decision framework of Austrian hazard zone mapping

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Gamper
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hazard Zone ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
High Degree

Abstract. It is often argued whether public good decisions with a high degree of uncertainty, such as public decisions for the prevention against natural hazards are, should be solely left to be taken by expert bodies. Imperfect knowledge of experts may leave an uncertain level of risk to the public or the affected groups of persons or expert decisions might not reflect the affected parties' preferences in whose interest they should ideally act. Direct participation of affected parties in such decisions is believed to be valuable in many ways. On the one hand, it allows final decision makers' choices to be more accepted among stakeholders and on the other hand, knowledge by the experts can be complemented with the one by affected parties. From a political economic viewpoint it will be discussed in the present paper whether this process can be viewed to provide a "better" decision-making process by looking at an exemplary case of danger zone planning in Austria.

Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle) sebagai Insektisida Nabati terhadap Mortalitas Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Rinaldi Daswito ◽  
Rima Folentia ◽  
M Yusuf MF
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

One of the diseases that can be transmitted by flies is diarrhea. Green betel leaf contains essential oils, chavicol, arecoline, phenol, and tannins which function as plant-based insecticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract (Piper betel) as a plant-based insecticide on the number of mortality of house flies (Musca domestica). The research was an experimental study used After Only Design used the One Way Anova test with a 95% confidence level. The samples used were 360 ​​house flies. Each treatment of 30 house flies with 4 repetitions and used three concentrations of green betel leaf extract (25%, 50%, 75%). The study was conducted at the Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory of Health Polytechnic Tanjungpinang, while the location of the fly collection was at the Tokojo Garbage Collection Station in Bintan Regency. The number of mortality of house flies at a concentration of 25% was 81 heads (67.5%), 50% concentrations were 93 heads (77.5%), and at a concentration of 75% were 103 heads (85.83%). There was an effect of green betel leaf extract on the mortality of house flies (p-value 0.0001 <0.05) with the most effective concentration of 75%. Further research is needed to obtain a finished product utilizing green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide, especially in controlling the fly vector. Need further research on the use of green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide controlling the fly vector by taking into account the amount of spraying and the age of the fly.   Keywords: Green betel leaf extract , organic insecticide, houseflies

The Road to Iraq

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Idrees Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cohesive Group ◽  
Political Agents

The Road to Iraq is an empirical investigation that explains the causes of the Iraq War, identifies its main agents, and demonstrates how the war was sold to decision makers and by decision makers to the public. It shows how a small but ideologically coherent and socially cohesive group of determined political agents used the contingency of 9/11 to outflank a sceptical foreign policy establishment, military brass and intelligence apparatus and provoked a war that has had disastrous consequences.

A Relativistic Newtonian Mechanics Predicts with Precision the Results of Recent Neutrino-Velocity Experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1032-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Symmetry Principle ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Complete Collapse

The research on quasi-luminal neutrinos has sparked several experimental studies for testing the "speed of light limit" hypothesis. Until today, the overall evidence favors the "null" hypothesis, stating that there is no significant difference between the observed velocities of light and neutrinos. Despite numerous theoretical models proposed to explain the neutrinos behavior, no attempt has been undertaken to predict the experimentally produced results. This paper presents a simple novel extension of Newton's mechanics to the domain of relativistic velocities. For a typical neutrino-velocity experiment, the proposed model is utilized to derive a general expression for . Comparison of the model's prediction with results of six neutrino-velocity experiments, conducted by five collaborations, reveals that the model predicts all the reported results with striking accuracy. Because in the proposed model, the direction of the neutrino flight matters, the model's impressive success in accounting for all the tested data, indicates a complete collapse of the Lorentz symmetry principle in situation involving quasi-luminal particles, moving in two opposite directions. This conclusion is support by previous findings, showing that an identical Sagnac effect to the one documented for radial motion, occurs also in linear motion.

The screen performance as an instrument of propaganda (on the example of Ivan Kavaleridze’s film «Koliivshchyna», 1933)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25242644 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Alina Lisnevska
Keyword(s):  
Video Content ◽  
The Public ◽  
Screen Media ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
Screen Performance ◽  
Personalized Video ◽  
Remote Past

The myth-making processes in the communicative space are the «cornerstone» of ideology at all times of mankind’s existence. One of the tools of the effective impact of propaganda is trust in information. Today this come round due to the dissemination of information on personalized video content in social networks, including through converged media. New myths and social settings are creating, fate of the countries is being solved, public opinion is being formed. It became possible to create artificially a model of social installation using the myths (the smallest indivisible element of the myth) based on real facts, but with the addition of «necessary» information. In the 20–30 years of the XX century cinematograph became the most powerful screen media. The article deals with the main ideological messages of the Ukrainian Soviet film «Koliivshchyna» (1933). In the period of mass cinematography spread in the Soviet Ukraine, the tape was aimed at a grand mission – creation of a new mythology through the interpretation of the true events and a con on the public, propaganda of the Soviet ideology. This happened in the tragic period of Ukrainian history (1933, the Holodomor) through the extrapolation of historical truth and its embodiment in the most formative form at that time – the form of the screen performance. The Soviet authorities used the powerful influence of the screen image to propagate dreams, illusions, images, stereotypes that had lost any reference to reality. I. Kavaleridze’s film «Koliivshchyna» demonstrates the interpretation of historical events and national ideas, the interpretation of a relatively remote past through the ideology of the «Soviet-era». The movie is created as a part of the political conjuncture of the early 1930s: the struggle against Ukrainian «bourgeois nationalism» and against the «Union of Liberation Ukraine», the repressive policies against the peasants, the close-out of the «back to the roots» policy. The movie, on the one hand, definitely addresses to the Ukrainian ideas, on the other hand it was made at the period of the repressions against the Ukrainian peasantry. In the movie «Koliivshchyna», despite the censorship, I. Kavaleridze manages to create a national inclusive narrative that depicts Ukrainian space as multi-ethnic and diverse, but at the same time nationally colorful.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document