scholarly journals Status of Pepper Farming and Flower Composition of Different Pepper Varieties in Sarawak

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelia Johny ◽  
Noorasmah Saupi ◽  
Shiamala Devi Ramaiya
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Bisexual Flower ◽  
Hermaphrodite Flower ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rot Disease

Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is one of the most important cash crops in Sarawak. The productivity of pepper is consistently low due to the low yield of berry production. One of the major problems of pepper production is inconsistent flowering time. This is due to the morphology and inheritance of functional male, female and hermaphrodite (bisexual) flower in P. nigrum which affect the productivity of pepper. For the exploitation of pepper for its maximum production, the detailed of flower development and flower composition are important factors to be considered. A field survey was conducted to determine the status of farming practices and problems encountered by the farmers. The study was also done to determine the composition of flower which influenced the consistency of berry production in P. nigrum in Sarawak. Surveys were conducted at 18 pepper farms in Sarawak to determine the composition of flowers in different types of Sarawak pepper varieties which are Kuching, Semenggok Aman and Semenggok Emas. Nine spikes were harvested in each pepper vine. Three pepper vines were selected randomly for each variety. The spikes were then observed under 3D Keyence microscope to determine the number of flowers of each type of flower. The survey on the farming practices were also conducted. The composition of flower was found to be varied between varieties. ‘Kuching’ variety had less hermaphrodite flower when compared to ‘Semenggok Aman’ and ‘Semenggok Emas’ varieties. In addition, a proportion of 29% farmers had encountered root rot disease problem in their farm, while 21% stated that unsynchronisation of berries production in each harvesting time as a major problem.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Pertumbuhan Melada dan Lada Sambung

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Nova Anggraini ◽  
Rusdi Evizal ◽  
Liska Mutiara Septiana
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches ◽  
Pepper Plants

Wild pepper of Piper colubrinum Link is used as rootstocks for grafted black pepper (Piper nigrum/Piper colubrinum) because its resistance to fungi that cause root rot disease. Grafted black pepper nurseries and plantations began to be developed by farmers in Lampung. This research aims to study the growth characteristics of wild pepper and grafted black pepper plants. The research was conducted in the field of wild pepper and grafted black pepper owned by farmers in Air Kubang Village, Air Naningan District, Tanggamus, Lampung, using survey method. Plant samples were determined randomly in the fields. The results showed that: (1) Wild pepper plants starts at the age of 1 year form plagiotropic branches with small diameters every 1-2 orthotropic branches, but slowly form orthotropic branches; (2) After the second pruning (of harvesting cuttings) 22% of the plants form orthotropic branches. The yield of pepper cuttings from the first to third harvests increased by 21-25% compared to the previous yield. In the third harvest, the production of cuttings reached 5066 cuttings (2 nodes) per 400 m2 land area or equivalent to 126,650 cuttings per ha of land harvested every 2 months; (3) At the age of 18 months, compared to non-grafted, grafted black pepper showed a greater greeness leaf index, larger stem diameter, larger plagiotropic branch diameter, higher number of orthotropic and plagiotropic branches, and 15.6% of grafted black pepper plants were flowering. Key words : Black pepper, cutting, flowering, growth, grafting, Piper colubrinum

scholarly journals Survey on Foot and Root Rot Disease of Betel Vine (Piper betle L.) under Prevailing Environmental Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Md Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
FM Aminuzzaman ◽  
Abdul Latif ◽  
Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

A field survey was conducted to find out the incidence of foot and root rot of betel vine caused by Sclerotiumrolfsiiunder prevailing environmental condition in major betel vine growing areas of Bangladesh. The areas were Gouranadi, Kaligonj, Mirpur, Mohanpur and SitakundaUpazila under the district of Barisal, Jhenaidah, Kushtia, Rajshahi and Chittagong, respectively. The incidence of foot and root rot disease varied remarkably and ranged from 4.53 to 15.46% in different upzillas. The maximum incidence of 15.46% was recorded from Gouranadi where soil pH was 5.4, ambient temperature was around 32oC, relative humidity was 82% and light intensity was 53x100 lux. The lowest incidence of the disease was observed as 4.53% from Sitakunda where soil pH was 6.6, ambient temperature was 28oC, RH was 72% and light intensity was 74x100lux. The incidence of foot and root rot of betel vine was high in the areas where soil pH and light intensity were low and temperature and relative humidity were high. The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 26-30

scholarly journals Entomological survey for identification of Aedes larval breeding sites and their distribution in Chattogram, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sahidur Rahman ◽  
Md. Omar Faruk ◽  
Sumiya Tanjila ◽  
Nur Mohammad Sabbir ◽  
Najmul Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Entomological Survey ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Positive Properties

Abstract Background Studying the characteristics of Aedes mosquito habitats is essential to control the mosquito population. The objective of this study was to identify the breeding sites of Aedes larvae and their distribution in Chattogram, Bangladesh. We conducted an entomological survey in 12 different sub-districts (Thana) under Chattogram City, during the late monsoon (August to November) 2019. The presence of different wet containers along with their characteristics and immature mosquitoes was recorded in field survey data form. Larvae and/or pupae were collected and brought to the laboratory for identification. Results Different indices like house index, container index, and the Breteau index were estimated. The multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to identify habitats that were more likely to be positive for Aedes larvae/pupae. A total of 704 wet containers of 37 different types from 216 properties were examined, where 52 (7.39%) were positive for Aedes larvae or pupae. Tire, plastic buckets, plastic drums, and coconut shells were the most prevalent container types. The plastic group possessed the highest container productivity (50%) whereas the vehicle and machinery group was found as most efficient (1.83) in terms of immature Aedes production. Among the total positive properties, 8% were infested with Aedes aegypti, 2% with Aedes albopictus, and 1% contained both species Ae. aegypti and A. albopictus. The overall house index was 17.35%, the container index was 7%, and the Breteau index was 24.49. Containers in multistoried houses had significantly lower positivity compared to independent houses. Binary logistic regression represented that containers having shade were 6.7 times more likely to be positive than the containers without shade (p< 0.01). Conclusions These findings might assist the authorities to identify the properties, containers, and geographical areas with different degrees of risk for mosquito control interventions to prevent dengue and other Aedes-borne disease transmissions.

scholarly journals Biological control of Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum root rot disease using Trichoderma species

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Abdelwanees Ketta ◽  
Omar Abd El-Raouf Hewedy
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Pea Root Rot

Abstract Background Root rot pathogens reported to cause considerable losses in both the quality and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). It is an aggressive crop disease with detriment economic influence caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani among other soil-borne fungal pathogens. Destructive plant diseases such as root rot have been managed in the last decades using synthetic pesticides. Main body Seeking of economical and eco-friendly alternatives to combat aggressive soil-borne fungal pathogens that cause significant yield losses is urgently needed. Trichoderma emerged as promising antagonist that inhibits pathogens including those inducing root rot disease. Detailed studies for managing common bean and pea root rot disease using different Trichoderma species (T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. viride, T. koningii, T. asperellum, T. atroviridae, T. lignorum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, T. cerinum, and T. album) were reported both in vitro and in vivo with promotion of plant growth and induction of systemic defense. The wide scale application of selected metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. to induce host resistance and/or to promote crop yield, may represent a powerful tool for the implementation of integrated pest management strategies. Conclusions Biological management of common bean and pea root rot-inducing pathogens using various species of the Trichoderma fungus might have taken place during the recent years. Trichoderma species and their secondary metabolites are useful in the development of protection against root rot to bestow high-yielding common bean and pea crops.

scholarly journals Bacillus megaterium-Mediated Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Antifungal Activity against Rhizoctonia solani in Faba Bean Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Amr H. Hashem ◽  
Amer M. Abdelaziz ◽  
Ahmed A. Askar ◽  
Hossam M. Fouda ◽  
Ahmed M. A. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Rhizoctonia root-rot disease causes severe economic losses in a wide range of crops, including Vicia faba worldwide. Currently, biosynthesized nanoparticles have become super-growth promoters as well as antifungal agents. In this study, biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been examined as growth promoters as well as antifungal agents against Rhizoctonia solani RCMB 031001 in vitro and in vivo. Se-NPs were synthesized biologically by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 55000 and characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. TEM and DLS images showed that Se-NPs are mono-dispersed spheres with a mean diameter of 41.2 nm. Se-NPs improved healthy Vicia faba cv. Giza 716 seed germination, morphological, metabolic indicators, and yield. Furthermore, Se-NPs exhibited influential antifungal activity against R. solani in vitro as well as in vivo. Results revealed that minimum inhibition and minimum fungicidal concentrations of Se-NPs were 0.0625 and 1 mM, respectively. Moreover, Se-NPs were able to decrease the pre-and post-emergence of R. solani damping-off and minimize the severity of root rot disease. The most effective treatment method is found when soaking and spraying were used with each other followed by spraying and then soaking individually. Likewise, Se-NPs improve morphological and metabolic indicators and yield significantly compared with infected control. In conclusion, biosynthesized Se-NPs by B. megaterium ATCC 55000 are a promising and effective agent against R. solani damping-off and root rot diseases in Vicia faba as well as plant growth inducer.

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