Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Local Relief ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Charleston Bump

<em>Abstract</em>.—The geological structure and characteristic community members of four relatively distinct benthic habitats, and their associated subhabitats, are described on the upper- and middle-continental slope just north of the Charleston Bump and below the deflection of the Gulf Stream eastward. The predominant habitats, identified from submersible surveys, included moderate-relief capped mounds, moderate-relief coral mounds, low-relief substrates and cohesive-mud substrates. Moderaterelief capped-mound habitats (185–220 m) due east of Charleston, South Carolina, were characterized by high local relief (about 20 m) outcroppings having abundant and diverse fish and sessile invertebrate communities. Moderate-relief coral-mound habitats, at depths of 503–555 m southeast of Charleston, consisted of mounds of dead coral fragments with a local relief of 15–23 m. Associated with the coral mounds was a depauperate assemblage of live coral and rare fish species. Yet, this habitat had a more diverse biological community than most of the low-relief subhabitats. Low–relief habitats at 293–567 m southeast of Charleston primarily consisted of fine sediments distributed in current generated patterns. Although epibenthic fish and invertebrate species were associated with this habitat, their abundance and diversity was relatively low. Cohesive-mud habitats at 150–250 m were distributed along depth contours for a long distance. Many of the species found here were associated with widely distributed tilefish <em> Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps </em>burrows that impart negative relief to large areas of this flat habitat.

Community dynamics in Fijian coral reef fish communities vary with conservation and shark-based tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Mallory G. McKeon ◽  
Joshua A. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Unprotected Area

Marine protected areas (MPAs) effectively improve the biomass and diversity in heavily exploited marine systems, but often fail to reach their full potential because they require more space, time, and consistency of regulation. Recently, shark-based tourism, which utilises some of the remaining shark strongholds as tourism hotspots, has brought about increased awareness to exploited reef systems. In Fiji, specifically, shark diving companies include local community members in their operations to promote better understanding of their reefs. We seek to investigate whether seemingly denser shark populations during feeding times influence community composition and structure. Visual census data were collected from 50-m belt transects at four different reefs in Fiji: two MPAs with shark-based ecotourism with food provisioning, one MPA without shark-based ecotourism, and one unprotected area without shark-based tourism. Paradoxically, indices of evenness and diversity were highest in the non-protected site. However, there was significantly higher fish abundance and species diversity within reserves than outside of reserves. Within reserves, sites with shark feeding had lower fish abundance and higher richness, diversity, and evenness. Mean trophic level was highest at sites with shark feeding. Use of chum increased average fish abundance and diversity within shark-dive sites. These results indicate that there are evident differences between MPAs that do and do not offer trophic supplementation for shark-based ecotourism. Thus, tourism may be facilitating a shift of ecosystem composition in such areas. Furthermore, the results suggest that feeding methods may augment the impacts of shark-based tourism on the reef at large.

Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
New Method ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Charleston Bump

<em>Abstract.</em>—The animation of daily composites of sea surface temperatures (SST) from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) provides a new method for the detection of dynamics at the surface of the ocean. By rapidly viewing the daily SST composites of hourly images, it is possible for the human eye to separate the fast moving residual clouds from the slowly moving SST patterns associated with ocean currents, eddies, and upwelling. Although each individual daily composite is still partly cloud covered, the rapid display provides the appearance of continuity of the SST patterns. The GOES SST animations were used during 1998 and 1999 to monitor the time dependent deflection of the Gulf Stream due to a rise in bottom topography southeast of Charleston, South Carolina, locally known as the Charleston Bump. Examples of the sea surface temperature animations of the Gulf Stream appear at the website: http:// www. goes .noaa.gov

Delivering Staff Development to the Small Rural School

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Storer ◽  
Diana J. Crosswait
Keyword(s):  
Staff Development ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Training Project ◽  
Small Rural Schools ◽  
Distance Travel

Most staff development activities for school personnel are held in large cities or on university campuses. Small rural schools are generally geographically distant from these locations. Therefore, this type of school usually has to absorb greater expense and hardship to take advantage of staff development activities. Long distance travel and overnight stays make it very difficult for parents or community members to also benefit from training. The Iowa Intervention Initiative (III), a U.S. Department of Education Drug-Free Schools School Personnel Training Project, was designed to address these problems. The III was able to overcome many practical and logistic problems to successfully hold workshops for 79 schools throughout rural Iowa. This paper presents successful responses to many of these problems and discusses how this training model can be adapted to other rural situations.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF OUTBURST HAZARD PREDICTION OF COAL BEDS AT THE LVIV-VOLYN BASIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (180) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Lukinov ◽  
Kostiantyn Bezruchko ◽  
Mykhailo Matrofailo ◽  
Liubov Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mines ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Coal Beds ◽  
Coal And Gas Outbursts ◽  
Outburst Hazard

Sudden coal and gas outbursts in coal mines are one of the most harmful and at the same time, dangerous gas-dynamic phenomena faced when coal producting. The sudden coal and gas outbursts is the evanescent destruction of the bottom-hole area in the coal bed, which develops from the bottom into the depth of a massif, and the crushed coal with gas is thrown to a long distance from the bottom into the mine, destroying everything in its way, creating the conditions for explosion and fire breaking-out. Sudden outbursts lead to significant material losses for the recovery from an accident and in some cases injuries and human losses. The problem of reliable prediction, prevention, and control of sudden coal and gas outbursts at coal mines remains extremely urgent, due to the constant increase in the depth of mining operations. The analysis of the experience of predicting and preventing the outburst hazard in coal beds of Donets and Lviv-Volyn coal basins is analyzed. At Donbas mines since 1906, there have been more than 7.5 thousand sudden outbursts. Although mining had now reached considerable depths (from 300 to 600 m), the emergence of coal and gas outbursts have not been recorded. The purpose of the research is to determine the depth of the possible emergence of sudden coal and gas outbursts in the LVB, with regard to the peculiarities of the geological structure of the coal-bearing strata in the Lviv-Volyn coal basin. The comparative possible depth estimation in the manifestation of the outburst hazard of the coal beds in the LVB is given. It is calculated according to the normative technique and performed according to the formulas obtained by the statistical analysis for the actual position of the minimum depth of coal and gas outbursts at the Donbas mines. The absence of sudden coal and gas outbursts at LVB mines on the coal beds, which are hazardous according to the prediction data, is performed according to the methods regulated by the normative documents and compiled by the experience of studying the outbursts in Donbas, is explained by the differences in the geological structure of the LVB, the main of which is the presence of thick mass of covering deposits and a significantly greater depth of the methane gas zone. The application of the empirical formulas prediction, which includes the methane gas zone depth index, allows us to account for these differences and it is much more reliable to determine the possible depths of sudden outbursts for LVB, which, all other things being equal, should be greater than in the Donbas. In particular, according to the performed calculations, the outburst hazard situation at the “Stepova” mine is predicted at depths of more than 700 m. As prediction indices for the calculations, values of methane gas zone depths of 450 m were adopted, and the minimum value of volatile-matter yield was 33.3%. This approach can be proposed for predicting the coal and gas outbursts hazard in other Lviv-Volyn basin mines. To determine the predicted depth of the possible emergence of sudden coal and gas outbursts, it is advisable to take into account the depth of the methane gas zone in the prediction calculations.

scholarly journals Effect of coral reef restoration on demersal biodiversity in Okinawa, Japan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piera Biondi ◽  
Giovanni D Masucci ◽  
James D Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Coral Rubble ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Coral Coverage ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
And Control

Global climate change is leading to damage and loss of coral reef ecosystems. On subtropical Okinawa Island in southwestern Japan, the prefectural government is working on coral reef restoration by outplanting coral colonies from family Acroporidae back to reefs after initially farming colonies inside protected nurseries. In this study we evaluated the ongoing restoration efforts by comparing outplanted locations with nearby control locations with no restoration activity. We examined 3 sites on the coast of Onna Village on the west coast of the island; each site included an outplanted and control location. We used 1) coral rubble sampling to evaluate and compare abundance and diversity of rubble cryptofauna; and 2) coral reef monitoring using photograph transects to track live coral coverage. Results showed that rubble shape had a positive correlation with the numbers of animals found within rubble themselves and may therefore constitute a reliable abundance predictor. Outplanted locations did not show differences with the controls in rubble cryptofauna abundance, but had significantly lower coral coverage. Differences between sites were significant, for both rubble cryptofauna and coral coverage.We recommend; 1) to evaluate outplanting colonies from more stress-resistant genera in place of Acropora, 2) to conduct regular surveys to monitor the situation closely, and 3) to establish conservation and sustainable practices that could aid restoration efforts, reducing coral mortality of both outplanted and native colonies.

scholarly journals (94) White-fleshed Peaches and Nectarines for the Southeastern United States

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029B-1029
Author(s):  
Desmond R. Layne ◽  
W.R. Okie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Clemson University ◽  
Long Distance Transport

White-fleshed peaches and nectarines are delicacies that have been enjoyed for centuries around the world. They are native to China and were introduced to the United States in the 1800s. Some white-fleshed peaches and nectarines are highly perishable and bruise easily, but are of very high eating quality. These are perhaps best suited for the local roadside market, where they can be sold and consumed more quickly. Others are much firmer at harvest, have a longer shelf life. and are suitable for long-distance transport to wholesale markets. White-fleshed peaches and nectarines may have some acidity or they may be very low acid with high sugar content (°Brix). Some novel flat (peento or donut) types also exist. Proximity to an urban market with a substantial Asian population is advantageous because Asians, in particular, often prefer the low-acid flavor and are willing to pay premium prices for high quality fruits. In our peach and nectarine cultivar evaluation program at Clemson University, we are currently evaluating 70 cultivars and advanced selections at four different locations in South Carolina. Several of these have been evaluated since 2000 and the “top performers” over the last six seasons by ripening date (earliest to latest) include the following: `Sugar May', `Scarletpearl', `Snowbrite', `Southernpearl', `White Lady', `Sugar Lady', `Summer Sweet', `Sugar Giant', `Stark's Summer Pearl', `Snow King', and `Snow Giant'. In general, most of the white nectarines and the flat/donut peaches and nectarines have serious problems with insect damage and brown rot. Complete details of our peach and nectarine (yellow- and white-flesh) evaluation work in South Carolina since 2000 will be noted by referring to my peach website (http://www.clemson.edu/hort/Peach/index.php).

Long Distance Teacher Education

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 335-337
Author(s):  
Ouida Fae Morris
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Educational Television ◽  
The State ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
University Of South Carolina ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mastery Testing ◽  
The Future ◽  
The University

The University of South Carolina used an educational television format for an introductory braille course to reach a population of teachers scattered throughout the state. Results indicate that this format is a viable alternative to on-campus sessions. Three major components of the course were fifteen weekly television class sessions, five Saturday class sessions, and mastery testing on six unit tests. This article reports on the television course, how it was structured, the reactions of students and professor, and its feasibility for use in the future.

Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Public Controversy ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Charleston Bump

<em>Abstract.</em>—Competition between commercial and recreational fishers for fishery resources is common throughout the United States. This competition for resources occurs throughout the south Atlantic region. However, competition around an area known as the Charleston Bump led to controversy and public calls for closure of that area to commercial fishing. In 1997, controversy erupted over the proposed lease of a fish processing facility at the newly completed Charleston Maritime Center. A group of commercial fishermen proposed to open the Maritime Center’s facilities to all types of commercial fishing craft, but with emphasis on longline vessels. The high level of public awareness and knowledge of South Carolina’s offshore fisheries helped to catapult the Charleston Bump to the forefront of state and federal marine fisheries policy, research, and management. Parties to this dispute looked to state fisheries managers for interpretation of technical information upon which to base their decisions. However, fisheries managers soon learned that the data on the significance of the Charleston Bump as a nursery area were inconsistent and spotty. This lack of reliable data left the managers in a policy dilemma: how to make technical recommendations on the management of the fisheries of the Charleston Bump given the lack of data. The fisheries managers responded by acknowledging the lack of data and suggesting that a comprehensive ecological analysis of the Charleston Bump be performed. In addition, the fisheries managers responded by interpreting the data based on the precautionary principle (i.e., do no harm to the resource) and advised the parties to the Maritime Center dispute against any move that might consolidate fishing effort on the Charleston Bump. The purpose of this paper is to: (1) document the approach taken by the State of South Carolina to analyze this public controversy and; (2) describe how public involvement in the development of a local public policy issue can create the need for further scientific inquiry and research. The authors present an overview of this controversy and highlight how public perceptions and demand for action resulted in a policy stance. The authors describe how the public’s direct involvement led not only to the colloquium but also to a renewed scientific interest in the Charleston Bump.

Antiretroviral Therapy Based Hiv Prevention Targeting Young Female-Sex Workers: A Mixed Method Approach to Understand the Implementation of Prep in a Rural Area of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsayi Chimbindi ◽  
Nondumiso Mthiyane ◽  
Thembelihle Zuma ◽  
Kathy Baisley ◽  
Deenan Pillay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young People ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Prep Awareness

Abstract Introduction: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to alter the HIV epidemic in South Africa. Between 2016 and 2018 PrEP was rolled-out for 18-24 year-old female-sex workers (FSW) in a rural KwaZulu-Natal subdistrict with very high HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Using a ‘framework of access’ model, we describe PrEP access, awareness and uptake for AGYW, including community members’ attitudes towards PrEP for young people.Methods: We enrolled a cohort of 2184 AGYW aged 13-22 living within the subdistrict and quantitatively measured their eligibility, awareness and uptake of PrEP and other HIV prevention interventions in 2017 and 2018. We supplemented this insight with in depth exploration by conducting 19 group discussions with young people and community members, nine stakeholder key informant interviews, 58 in-depth interviews with 15-24 year-olds and 33 with implementing partners, and participatory observations. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.Results: PrEP awareness increased from 2% to 9% from 2017 to 2018. Among 965 AGYW sexually-active by 2018, 13.4% (95%CI: 11.4-15.7%) reported transactional sex and 10.6% (95%CI: 8.8-12.7%) sex for money. Of these latter 194 PrEP-eligible AGYW, 21 were aware of PrEP, but none had ever used it. Wider community members were generally unaware of PrEP but imagined it would benefit young people, HIV-serodiscordant couples and those in long-distance relationships. Youth saw PrEP as a positive alternative to condoms since it “will be in their system” and not get in the way of sex. Teachers and healthcare providers were more apprehensive: worrying that PrEP would lower personal responsibility for sexual health.Conclusions: Although PrEP awareness increased and it was generally acceptable, uptake was low even among eligible AGYW, i.e., who reported FSW activity. Condom use remained undesirable suggesting a need to include PrEP in offers of alternative HIV prevention technologies to comdoms. The targeted nature of public-sector PrEP for FSW may have limited the reach, and the future broader roll-out, of PrEP in this setting. Inclusive approaches to PrEP provision integrated with wider sexual healthmay help improve demand and access to PrEP.

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