Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Public Controversy ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Charleston Bump

<em>Abstract.</em>—Competition between commercial and recreational fishers for fishery resources is common throughout the United States. This competition for resources occurs throughout the south Atlantic region. However, competition around an area known as the Charleston Bump led to controversy and public calls for closure of that area to commercial fishing. In 1997, controversy erupted over the proposed lease of a fish processing facility at the newly completed Charleston Maritime Center. A group of commercial fishermen proposed to open the Maritime Center’s facilities to all types of commercial fishing craft, but with emphasis on longline vessels. The high level of public awareness and knowledge of South Carolina’s offshore fisheries helped to catapult the Charleston Bump to the forefront of state and federal marine fisheries policy, research, and management. Parties to this dispute looked to state fisheries managers for interpretation of technical information upon which to base their decisions. However, fisheries managers soon learned that the data on the significance of the Charleston Bump as a nursery area were inconsistent and spotty. This lack of reliable data left the managers in a policy dilemma: how to make technical recommendations on the management of the fisheries of the Charleston Bump given the lack of data. The fisheries managers responded by acknowledging the lack of data and suggesting that a comprehensive ecological analysis of the Charleston Bump be performed. In addition, the fisheries managers responded by interpreting the data based on the precautionary principle (i.e., do no harm to the resource) and advised the parties to the Maritime Center dispute against any move that might consolidate fishing effort on the Charleston Bump. The purpose of this paper is to: (1) document the approach taken by the State of South Carolina to analyze this public controversy and; (2) describe how public involvement in the development of a local public policy issue can create the need for further scientific inquiry and research. The authors present an overview of this controversy and highlight how public perceptions and demand for action resulted in a policy stance. The authors describe how the public’s direct involvement led not only to the colloquium but also to a renewed scientific interest in the Charleston Bump.

scholarly journals EU Labor Market Inequalities and Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2675
Author(s):  
Elena Jianu ◽  
Ramona Pîrvu ◽  
Gheorghe Axinte ◽  
Ovidiu Toma ◽  
Andrei Valentin Cojocaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
To Come ◽  
Business Practitioners ◽  
The Eu

Reducing inequalities for EU citizens and promoting upward convergence is one of the priorities on the agenda of the European Commission and, certainly, inequality will be a very important public policy issue for years to come. Through this research we aim to investigate EU labor market inequalities, reflected by the specific indicators proposed for Goal 8 assumed by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, based on cluster analysis for all the 27 Member States. The research results showed encouraging results from the perspective of convergence in the EU labor market, but also revealed a number of analyzed variable effects that manifested regional inequalities that were generated in the medium and long term. Based on the observations made, we want to provide information for policy-makers, business practitioners, and academics so as to constitute solid ground for identifying good practices and proposing to implement policies aimed at reducing existing inequalities and supporting sustainable development.

Constructed Attitudes toward the Roma: A French Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Municipal Policies ◽  
French Case ◽  
The Impact

AbstractForty per cent of Europeans refuse to have Roma as their neighbours, while 80 per cent of these do not even have direct contact with them. Using these statistics as a point of departure, this study analyzes how attitudes toward Roma are constructed. It proposes to investigate this process in two similar environments but where local integration policies directed toward Roma differ, resulting in disparate forms of intergroup contact. The analysis is premised on two theoretical assumptions: that the integration of migrants is a local public policy issue and that intergroup contact frames attitudes between majority and minority groups. From semi-structured interviews in the French municipalities of La Courneuve and Ivry-sur-Seine, four theories are empirically tested: the contact theory, the halo effect, the impact of local immigrant integration policies and media influence. This study demonstrates that the implementation of municipal policies in favour of Roma integration can improve their living conditions and thus deconstruct prejudices attributable to their precarious situation. In addition, it illustrates how the media activate, maintain or solidify the way Roma are perceived.

“Involuntary self‐employment” as a public policy issue: a cross‐country European review

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teemu Kautonen ◽  
Simon Down ◽  
Friederike Welter ◽  
Pekka Vainio ◽  
Jenni Palmroos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
European Review

Potential Losses in a Repeat of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, Earthquake

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Wong ◽  
Jawhar Bouabid ◽  
William Graf ◽  
Charles Huyck ◽  
Allan Porush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
Earthquake Losses ◽  
Fire Stations

A comprehensive earthquake loss assessment for the state of South Carolina using HAZUS was performed considering four different earthquake scenarios: a moment magnitude ( M) 7.3 “1886 Charleston-like” earthquake, M 6.3 and M 5.3 events also from the Charleston seismic source, and an M 5.0 earthquake in Columbia. Primary objectives of this study were (1) to generate credible earthquake losses to provide a baseline for coordination, capability development, training, and strategic planning for the South Carolina Emergency Management Division, and (2) to raise public awareness of the significant earthquake risk in the state. Ground shaking, liquefaction, and earthquake-induced landsliding hazards were characterized using region-specific inputs on seismic source, path, and site effects, and ground motion numerical modeling. Default inventory data on buildings and facilities in HAZUS were either substantially enhanced or replaced. Losses were estimated using a high resolution 2- km×2- km grid rather than the census tract approach used in HAZUS. The results of the loss assessment indicate that a future repeat of the 1886 earthquake would be catastrophic, resulting in possibly 900 deaths, more than 44,000 injuries, and a total economic loss of $20 billion in South Carolina alone. Schools, hospitals, fire stations, ordinary buildings, and bridges will suffer significant damage due to the general lack of seismic design in the state. Lesser damage and losses will be sustained in the other earthquake scenarios although even the smallest event could result in significant losses.

Exploiting Existing Opinion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Strategic Defense Initiative ◽  
White House ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Strategic Defense

This chapter examines how the president exploits existing opinion on policies by showing the public how its views are compatible with his policies or by increasing the salience of White House initiatives that are popular with the public. Using Abraham Lincoln as an example, the chapter explains how the president can exploit the congruence of the public’s views with those of the White House by articulating opinion in a way that clarifies its policy implications and shows the public that its wishes are consistent with his policies. It also considers how framing and priming allows the president to define what a public policy issue is about, citing the experiences of Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, and media resistance to the White House’s framing of issues. Finally, it shows how the president can influence fluid public opinion by analyzing Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative and George W. Bush’s stem cell research policy.

Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
New Method ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Charleston Bump

<em>Abstract.</em>—The animation of daily composites of sea surface temperatures (SST) from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) provides a new method for the detection of dynamics at the surface of the ocean. By rapidly viewing the daily SST composites of hourly images, it is possible for the human eye to separate the fast moving residual clouds from the slowly moving SST patterns associated with ocean currents, eddies, and upwelling. Although each individual daily composite is still partly cloud covered, the rapid display provides the appearance of continuity of the SST patterns. The GOES SST animations were used during 1998 and 1999 to monitor the time dependent deflection of the Gulf Stream due to a rise in bottom topography southeast of Charleston, South Carolina, locally known as the Charleston Bump. Examples of the sea surface temperature animations of the Gulf Stream appear at the website: http:// www. goes .noaa.gov

The Case of “Illicit Appropriation” in the Use of Technology

2010 ◽  
pp. 210-229
Author(s):  
Eduardo H. Calvillo Gámez ◽  
Rodrigo Nieto-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Technological Means ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Computer Interaction

In this chapter, the authors play the devil‘s advocate to those who favor strict government supervision over technology itself. The authors’ argument is that technology is a “neutral” mean to an end, and that the use of technology to detract social deviations is dependent on public policy and social behavior. To elaborate their argument they propose the concept of “illicit appropriation”, based on the Human Computer Interaction concept of appropriation. The authors argue that sometimes appropriation can be geared towards activities that can be considered as illicit, and in some cases criminal. They illustrate the use of illicit appropriation through a series of case studies of current events, in which they show that either a state or the individual can rely on illicit appropriation. The authors’ final conclusion is that the use of technology to combat social deviations is not a technological problem, but a public policy issue, where a delicate balance has to be found between the enforcement of the law by technological means (approved by legislation), the user experience, the civil liberties of the individual and the checks and balances to the power of the state. This chapter is written from the expertise of the authors on Human Computer Interaction and Security Studies.

The Role of Cognitive Responses as Mediators of Alcohol Warning Label Effects

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Craig Andrews ◽  
Richard G. Netemeyer ◽  
Srinivas Durvasula
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

The authors examine an important public policy issue, namely, the effectiveness of federally mandated and proposed alcohol warning labels. Specifically, warning label cognitive responses are tested as mediators of effects of five different alcohol warning label types on label attitudes. On the basis of requirements for ANOVA-based mediation, net support arguments mediated 76% of the warning label treatment effect on label attitudes. Following requirements for regression-based mediation, net support arguments mediated the relationship from attitude toward drinking to label attitudes. Public policy implications and future research directions are provided.

No fear of bankruptcy: the innate self-subsidizing forces in recreational fishing

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 2304-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alf Ring Kleiven ◽  
Even Moland ◽  
U Rashid Sumaila
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Fishing Sector ◽  
Local Residents

Abstract Recreational fishing, by both local residents and tourists, is a popular activity globally. The behaviour and motivation of recreational fishers is different from those of commercial fishers. Unlike the latter, the former are not dependent on making profits to continue fishing. Rather, the value of recreational fishing to those who engage in it is a combination of catches and experience values. The latter value implies that recreational fishers might continue fishing when they should not, analogous to the effect of subsidy in the commercial fishing sector. Hence, the term “self-subsidizing”: a fishery as one in which fishers subsidize themselves through an economic investment in gear and time from their non-fishery-based earnings. The consequence of which is that recreational fishers can continue fishing long after the commercial fishing industry has stopped fishing because their operations have become economically unviable. There is reason to argue that in many areas, recreational fishing effort, due to the self-subsidizing mechanism, is sustained at a high rate while stocks decrease. In this contribution, we describe the innate self-subsidizing forces in recreational fishing and discuss their implications.

scholarly journals The value of commercial fish size distribution recorded at haul by haul compared to trip by trip

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian S Plet-Hansen ◽  
François Bastardie ◽  
Clara Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Dependent Data ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Abstract Data from commercial fishing vessels may enhance the range of observations available for monitoring the marine environment. However, effort and catch data provide information on fish distribution with a bias due to spatial targeting and selectivity. Here, we measured the shortcomings of standard fishery-dependent data and advocate for the utilization of more precise datasets indirectly collected by the commercial fishery. Data from a Danish traceability system, which records size of commercial fish at the haul level, are held against the set-up of current eLog and sales slips’ data collected for the Danish fisheries. We showed that the most accurate mapping of the spatial distribution of catches per size group is not only possible through size records collected at the haul level but also by high resolution on fishing effort data. In Europe, the regulation to land all catches with a quota or minimum size limit, including unwanted, has increased the focus on avoidance and discards; we show the potential of such data sources to inform on fish abundance and distribution, especially of importance where fishery-dependent data are the only source of information.

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