Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Yellowfin Tuna ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Resident Populations ◽  
Charleston Bump

<em>Abstract</em>.—Commercial landings of yellowfin tuna <em> Thunnus albacares </em>for the period 1975–1998 showed an overall increasing trend while blackfin tuna <em> T. atlanticus </em>landings did not. The landings of yellowfin tuna from 1992 to 1998 were significantly higher (mean = 51.7 mt) than in the previous five year period when there was apparently less directed effort. Maximum landings (67.3 mt) were recorded in 1996. Blackfin tuna landings over this same time period were generally less than 10 mt with a peak of 16 mt in 1986. The seasonality of commercial landings by quarter is presented for a 12 year period (1987–1998). For yellowfin tuna, the second and third quarters consistently had the highest landings while the first quarter was lowest. The second and third quarters combined accounted for greater than 70% of annual landings in every year. The seasonality in landings of blackfin tuna was more pronounced with the third quarter predominating in every year but one. Third quarter landings comprised 42–72% of the annual values while the first quarter was typically less than 5%. An analysis of catch per unit effort for both species over the same period (1987–1998) was conducted using an index developed from the detailed catch records of ten commercial fishers who target pelagic species. Mean values for yellowfin tuna increased significantly from 1992 onward and have oscillated in a small range (2.0–3.0 Kg per hour fishing) through 1998. The values for blackfin tuna were uniformly low and showed little variation. A long term recreational tagging program has resulted in high recapture rates for both species (yellowfin tuna 17.3%, blackfin tuna 10.8%) which may be associated with stable migratory routes or resident populations. An analysis of days at liberty for tag-recaptured fish indicated that 52.6% of all recaptured yellowfin tuna (<EM> N </EM>= 78) were taken within 30 days of release. The corresponding figure for all recaptured blackfin tuna (<EM> N </EM>= 46) was 13%. There is a significantly higher proportion of long term recaptures (up to four years) in blackfin tuna. An examination of the size-frequency distribution for yellowfin tuna indicates that a broad size range is caught in Bermuda waters, however, the catch is dominated by relatively small size classes (modal size = 79 cm FL).

scholarly journals Comparison of AIRS and IASI Radiances Using GOES Imagers as Transfer Radiometers toward Climate Data Records

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Likun Wang ◽  
Xiangqian Wu ◽  
Mitch Goldberg ◽  
Changyong Cao ◽  
Yaping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Double Differences ◽  
Cross Track ◽  
Spectral Channels

Abstract The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), together with the future Cross-track Infrared Sounder, will provide long-term hyperspectral measurements of the earth and its atmosphere at ∼10 km spatial resolution. Quantifying the radiometric difference between AIRS and IASI is crucial for creating fundamental climate data records and establishing the space-based infrared calibration standard. Since AIRS and IASI have different local equator crossing times, a direct comparison of these two instruments over the tropical regions is not feasible. Using the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imagers as transfer radiometers, this study compares AIRS and IASI over warm scenes in the tropical regions for a time period of 16 months. The double differences between AIRS and IASI radiance biases relative to the GOES-11 and -12 imagers are used to quantify the radiance differences between AIRS and IASI within the GOES imager spectral channels. The results indicate that, at the 95% confidence level, the mean values of the IASI − AIRS brightness temperature differences for warm scenes are very small, that is, −0.0641 ± 0.0074 K, −0.0432 ± 0.0114 K, and −0.0095 ± 0.0151 K for the GOES-11 6.7-, 10.7-, and 12.0-μm channels, respectively, and −0.0490 ± 0.0100 K, −0.0419 ± 0.0224 K, and −0.0884 ± 0.0160 K for the GOES-12 6.5-, 10.7-, and 13.3-μm channels, respectively. The brightness temperature biases between AIRS and IASI within the GOES imager spectral range are less than 0.1 K although the AIRS measurements are slightly warmer than those of IASI.

Stability and Change in Emotional Intelligence: Exploring the Transition to Young Adulthood

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D.A. Parker ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske ◽  
Laura M. Wood ◽  
Jennifer M. Eastabrook ◽  
Robyn N. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Transition From High School

Abstract. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has attracted growing interest from researchers working in various fields. The present study examined the long-term stability (32 months) of EI-related abilities over the course of a major life transition (the transition from high school to university). During the first week of full-time study, a large group of undergraduates completed the EQ-i:Short; 32 months later a random subset of these students (N = 238), who had started their postsecondary education within 24 months of graduating from high school, completed the measures for a second time. The study found EI scores to be relatively stable over the 32-month time period. EI scores were also found to be significantly higher at Time 2; the overall pattern of change in EI-levels was more than can be attributed to the increased age of the participants.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

Long-term monitoring provides insight into estuarine top predator (Carcharhinus leucas) resilience following an extreme weather event

2020 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
P Matich ◽  
BA Strickland ◽  
MR Heithaus
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Acoustic Telemetry ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Ontogenetic Shifts ◽  
Carcharhinus Leucas ◽  
Acute Disturbance ◽  
Cold Snap

Chronic environmental change threatens biodiversity, but acute disturbance events present more rapid and immediate threats. In 2010, a cold snap across south Florida had wide-ranging impacts, including negative effects on recreational fisheries, agriculture, and ecological communities. Here, we use acoustic telemetry and historical longline monitoring to assess the long-term implications of this event on juvenile bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas in the Florida Everglades. Despite the loss of virtually all individuals (ca. 90%) within the Shark River Estuary during the cold snap, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of age 0 sharks on longlines recovered through recruitment within 6-8 mo of the event. Acoustic telemetry revealed that habitat use patterns of age 0-2 sharks reached an equilibrium in 4-6 yr. In contrast, the CPUE and habitat use of age 3 sharks required 5-7 yr to resemble pre-cold snap patterns. Environmental conditions and predation risk returned to previous levels within 1 yr of the cold snap, but abundances of some prey species remained depressed for several years. Reduced prey availability may have altered the profitability of some microhabitats after the cold snap, leading to more rapid ontogenetic shifts to marine waters among sharks for several years. Accelerated ontogenetic shifts coupled with inter-individual behavioral variability of bull sharks likely led to a slower recovery rate than predicted based on overall shark CPUE. While intrinsic variation driven by stochasticity in dynamic ecosystems may increase the resistance of species to chronic and acute disturbance, it may also increase recovery time in filling the diversity of niches occupied prior to disturbance if resistive capacity is exceeded.

scholarly journals Linking population size structure, heat stress and bleaching responses in a subtropical endemic coral

Coral Reefs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Lachs ◽  
Brigitte Sommer ◽  
James Cant ◽  
Jessica M. Hodge ◽  
Hamish A. Malcolm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Community Organisation ◽  
Size Frequency ◽  
Eastern Australia

AbstractAnthropocene coral reefs are faced with increasingly severe marine heatwaves and mass coral bleaching mortality events. The ensuing demographic changes to coral assemblages can have long-term impacts on reef community organisation. Thus, understanding the dynamics of subtropical scleractinian coral populations is essential to predict their recovery or extinction post-disturbance. Here we present a 10-yr demographic assessment of a subtropical endemic coral, Pocillopora aliciae (Schmidt-Roach et al. in Zootaxa 3626:576–582, 2013) from the Solitary Islands Marine Park, eastern Australia, paired with long-term temperature records. These coral populations are regularly affected by storms, undergo seasonal thermal variability, and are increasingly impacted by severe marine heatwaves. We examined the demographic processes governing the persistence of these populations using inference from size-frequency distributions based on log-transformed planar area measurements of 7196 coral colonies. Specifically, the size-frequency distribution mean, coefficient of variation, skewness, kurtosis, and coral density were applied to describe population dynamics. Generalised Linear Mixed Effects Models were used to determine temporal trends and test demographic responses to heat stress. Temporal variation in size-frequency distributions revealed various population processes, from recruitment pulses and cohort growth, to bleaching impacts and temperature dependencies. Sporadic recruitment pulses likely support population persistence, illustrated in 2010 by strong positively skewed size-frequency distributions and the highest density of juvenile corals measured during the study. Increasing mean colony size over the following 6 yr indicates further cohort growth of these recruits. Severe heat stress in 2016 resulted in mass bleaching mortality and a 51% decline in coral density. Moderate heat stress in the following years was associated with suppressed P. aliciae recruitment and a lack of early recovery, marked by an exponential decrease of juvenile density (i.e. recruitment) with increasing heat stress. Here, population reliance on sporadic recruitment and susceptibility to heat stress underpin the vulnerability of subtropical coral assemblages to climate change.

scholarly journals Sociolinguistic Markers of Friendship Among Persons With Dementia in Long-Term Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 575-575
Author(s):  
Pamela Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Pronominal Reference ◽  
Field Notes

Abstract Sociolinguistics and discourse analysis provide tools through which to examine how friendship is socially constructed through language and communication. Research on social isolation and loneliness reveals the importance of social interaction on the psychological and physical health of older adults. Given that linguistic, communicative, and functional abilities decline as dementia progresses, it is challenging to identify markers of friendship. The Friendship Project is an ethnographic study of social interaction among persons with dementia living in a long-term care setting. The data are from transcripts and field-notes of social interactions among residents with a range of cognitive impairments over a six-month time period. Results reveal that persons with dementia employ specific linguistic features such as narrative, evaluation, evidentials, and pronominal reference to make meaning and create relationships over time. Practical implications will be discussed.

scholarly journals Is Call Karma Real? Resident After-Hours On-Call Imaging at the University of Saskatchewan: An Assessment of Call Volumes Including Inter-Resident Variability

2021 ◽  
pp. 084653712110263
Author(s):  
James Huynh ◽  
David Horne ◽  
Rhonda Bryce ◽  
David A Leswick
Keyword(s):  
Mean Shift ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
After Hours ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
The University ◽  
Changes Over Time

Purpose: Quantify resident caseload during call and determine if there are consistent differences in call volumes for individuals or resident subgroups. Methods: Accession codes for after-hours computed tomography (CT) cases dictated by residents between July 1, 2012 and January 9, 2017 were reviewed. Case volumes by patient visits and body regions scanned were determined and categorized according to time period, year, and individual resident. Mean shift Relative Value Units (RVUs) were calculated by year. Descriptive statistics, linear mixed modeling, and linear regression determined mean values, differences between residents, associations between independent variables and outcomes, and changes over time. Consistent differences between residents were assessed as a measure of good or bad luck / karma on call. Results: During this time there were 23,032 patients and 30,766 anatomic regions scanned during 1,652 call shifts among 32 residents. Over the whole period, there were on average 10.6 patients and 14.3 body regions scanned on weekday shifts and 22.3 patients and 29.4 body regions scanned during weekend shifts. Annually, the mean number of patients, body regions, and RVUs scanned per shift increased by an average of 0.2 (1%), 0.4 (2%), and 1.2 (5%) (all p < 0.05) respectively in regression models. There was variability in call experiences, but only 1 resident had a disproportionate number of higher volume calls and fewer lower volume shifts than expected. Conclusions: Annual increases in scan volumes were modest. Although residents’ experiences varied, little of this was attributable to consistent personal differences, including luck or call karma.

scholarly journals A 16-year prospective cohort study to evaluate effects of long-term fluctuations in obesity indices of prediabetics on the incidence of future diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahla Safari ◽  
Maryam Abdoli ◽  
Masoud Amini ◽  
Ashraf Aminorroaya ◽  
Awat Feizi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Latent Markov Model ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Obesity Indices

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the patterns of changes in obesity indices over time in prediabetic subjects and to classify these subjects as either having a low, moderate, and high risk for developing diabetes in the future. This study was conducted among 1228 prediabetics. The patterns of changes in obesity indices based on three measurements including first, mean values during the follow-up period, and last visit from these indices were evaluated by using the latent Markov model (LMM). The mean (standard deviation) age of subjects was 44.0 (6.8) years and 73.6% of them were female. LMM identified three latent states of subjects in terms of change in all anthropometric indices: a low, moderate, and high tendency to progress diabetes with the state sizes (29%, 45%, and 26%), respectively. LMM showed that the probability of transitioning from a low to a moderate tendency to progress diabetes was higher than the other transition probabilities. Based on a long-term evaluation of patterns of changes in obesity indices, our results reemphasized the values of all five obesity indices in clinical settings for identifying high-risk prediabetic subjects for developing diabetes in future and the need for more effective obesity prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Long-Term Concrete Shrinkage Influence on the Performance of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Alinda Dey ◽  
Akshay Vijay Vastrad ◽  
Mattia Francesco Bado ◽  
Aleksandr Sokolov ◽  
Gintaris Kaklauskas
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Tension Stiffening ◽  
Model Code ◽  
Concrete Shrinkage ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Governing Factor ◽  
Model Code 2010 ◽  
Mathematical Process

The contribution of concrete to the tensile stiffness (tension stiffening) of a reinforced concrete (RC) member is a key governing factor for structural serviceability analyses. However, among the current tension stiffening models, few consider the effect brought forth by concrete shrinkage, and none studies take account of the effect for very long-term shrinkage. The present work intends to tackle this exact issue by testing multiple RC tensile elements (with different bar diameters and reinforcement ratios) after a five-year shrinking time period. The experimental deformative and tension stiffening responses were subjected to a mathematical process of shrinkage removal aimed at assessing its effect on the former. The results showed shrinkage distinctly lowered the cracking load of the RC members and caused an apparent tension stiffening reduction. Furthermore, both of these effects were exacerbated in the members with higher reinforcement ratios. The experimental and shrinkage-free behaviors of the RC elements were finally compared to the values predicted by the CEB-fib Model Code 2010 and the Euro Code 2. Interestingly, as a consequence of the long-term shrinkage, the codes expressed a smaller relative error when compared to the shrinkage-free curves versus the experimental ones.

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