scholarly journals Risk factors of developing Pneumonia Among Confirmed Measles Cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Ylade
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Measles Outbreaks

Background. Deaths may occur due to complications of measles. The most common measles complication is pneumonia and accounts for most measles-related deaths. Objective. The study aimed to identify risk factors for developing pneumonia among measles cases. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted using measles surveillance data from an outbreak in the Philippines from January 2013 to December 2014. Data on age, sex, area of residence, clinical manifestations, receipt of measles vaccine, and other exposure variables were obtained and analyzed using logistic regression. Results. Approximately 25,166 confirmed measles cases were included in the study where 16% had pneumonia. Potential risk factors identified in the development of pneumonia among confirmed measles cases were younger age (<5 years = OR 2.49, 95% CI: 1.81,3.42; 5-14 years = OR 2.34, 95% CI: 1.64,3.33), resident of Mindanao (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.74,2.74), presence of cough (OR 5.51, 95% CI: 2.04,14.86), presence of conjunctivitis (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.11,1.55), and being admitted to hospital (OR 3.16, 95% CI: 2.57,3.90). Confirmed measles cases with receipt of measles containing vaccine (MCV) (OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63,0.87) were found to be less likely to have pneumonia. Conclusion. These risk factors help identify cases requiring prompt management to reduce morbidity and mortality in any future measles outbreaks.

Clinical manifestations, risk factors and quality of life in patients with pitted keratolysis: a cross-sectional study in cadets

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 (5) ◽  
pp. 1220-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bunyaratavej ◽  
C. Leeyaphan ◽  
P. Chanyachailert ◽  
P. Pattanaprichakul ◽  
P. Ongsri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Low salivary cortisol levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis exposed to oral glucocorticoids: a cross-sectional study set within UK electronic health records

RMD Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e000700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M Joseph ◽  
David W Ray ◽  
Brian Keevil ◽  
Tjeerd P van Staa ◽  
William G Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

BackgroundGlucocorticoids (GCs) suppress endogenous cortisol levels which can lead to adrenal insufficiency (AI). The frequency of GC-induced AI remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study, low morning salivary cortisol (MSC) levels were used as a measure of adrenal function. The study aim was to investigate the prevalence of low MSC in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) currently and formerly exposed to oral GCs, and the association with potential risk factors.MethodsSample collection was nested within UK primary care electronic health records (from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink). Participants were patients with RA with at least one prescription for oral GCs in the past 2 years. Self-reported oral GC use was used to define current use and current dose; prescription data were used to define exposure duration. MSC was determined from saliva samples; 5 nmol/L was the cut-off for low MSC. The prevalence of low MSC was estimated, and logistic regression was used to assess the association with potential risk factors.Results66% of 38 current and 11 % of 38 former GC users had low MSC. Among former users with low MSC, the longest time since GC withdrawal was 6 months. Current GC dose, age and RA duration were significantly associated with increased risk of low MSC.ConclusionThe prevalence of low MSC among current GC users is high, and MSC levels may remain suppressed for several months after GC withdrawal. Clinicians should therefore consider the risk of suppressed cortisol and remain vigilant for symptoms of AI following GC withdrawal.

scholarly journals Hygiene Hypothesis: Association between Hygiene and Asthma among Preschool Children in Lebanon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souheil Hallit ◽  
Hala Sacre ◽  
Nelly Kheir ◽  
Eva Hobeika ◽  
Rabih Hallit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Hygiene Hypothesis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Background Our objective was the validation of a scale to assess the hygiene hypothesis and the link between hygiene, and asthma among 3 to 5 years old Lebanese children in preschool.Methods Between November 2018 and March 2019, this cross-sectional study was carried out, enrolled 515 preschool children’ asthma and potential risk factors, including hygiene, were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. A specific hygiene hypothesis related scale was generated and validated for this purpose.Results Items related to the hygiene hypothesis scale have led to a convergence over a nine factors solution, having over than 1 Eigenvalue, which explains the variance total of 65.86%. Cronbach’s alpha values corresponding to the hygiene hypothesis related scale (0.696) was deemed acceptable. The backward logistic regression, taking as dependent variable the asthma’s presence or absence in child, showed that living in prairie (ORa=2.42), playing outside (ORa=2.80), having respiratory problems (ORa=4.18), attending a kindergarten (ORa=2.76), and having a sister with seasonal allergy (ORa=6.86) had significant association with increased odds of occurrence of children’s asthma. The hygiene hypothesis related score was not found to be associated with increased asthma odds (p=0.663).Conclusion Current findings suggested that home cleaning and personal cleanliness were not correlated with asthma in preschool children. Future studies will require more in-depth analyses of microbial exposure, allowing proper identification of unequivocal species and functional characteristics.

scholarly journals Periodontal diseases and potential risk factors in Egyptian adult population—Results from a national cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258958
Author(s):  
Reham Khaled Abou El Fadl ◽  
Mona Ahmed Abdel Fattah ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed Helmi ◽  
Mariem Osama Wassel ◽  
Amira Saad Badran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

Background Despite the interdependence of general and periodontal health, there is paucity of national representative data on the prevalence of periodontal diseases and their associated risk factors in Egyptian population. This cross-sectional study, thus, aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and tooth loss among Egyptian adults and investigate the association between potential risk factors and periodontal diseases. Methods A total of 5,954 adults aged ≥ 20 years were included in this study as a subsample from Egypt’s national oral health survey. Periodontitis was diagnosed with Community Periodontal Index ‘CPI’ scores ≥3 and tooth loss not due to caries was included in the analysis. Socio-demographic data and information on behavioral factors and history of diabetes were gathered in a face-to-face interview. Logistic regression was done to interpret the impact of potential predictors on the incidence of the two selected outcome variables. Results The overall prevalence of periodontitis was 26% and regression analysis revealed that higher odds of periodontitis existed among illiterate participants (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.40–2.17), smokers (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.69–2.20) and rural residents (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03–1.30). On the other hand, old age, frequency of dental attendance and history of diabetes were the main predictive factors for tooth loss. Conclusions Among Egyptian adults, periodontal diseases were strongly associated with a multitude of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and inequalities in distribution of periodontal treatment needs were determined mainly by age, gender, level of education and residency location.

scholarly journals Potential Risk Factors for Length of Hospitalization in COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Health Scope ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaheh Talebi-Ghane ◽  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Leili Tapak ◽  
Ali Reza Soltanian ◽  
Saeed Bashirian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background: Identifying the potential risk factors of the length of stay in hospital (LOSH) in COVID-19 patients could help the health system meet future demand for hospital beds. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the length of stay in hospital in COVID-19 patients in Hamadan, the west of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 512 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Hamadan city. Demographic, clinical, and medical laboratory characteristics of the patients and their survival status were assessed by a checklist. Univariate and multiple negative binomial regressions were used by Stata 12. Results: The median hospitalization length for COVID-19 patients was five days (range: 0 to 47). In the discharged patients, the adjusted incidence rate ratios (95% CI) of LOSH for females, rural residents, patients with a history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, SPO2 less than 88%, prothrombin time higher than 13 s, platelet count lower than 130 × 1000 µL, blood sugar higher than 105 mg/dL, and intensive care unit experience were 1.16 (1.03, 1.44), 1.22 (1.03, 1.44), 1.43 (1.07, 1.92), 1.41 (1.23, 1.61), 0.82 (0.71, 0.93), 1.32 (1.11, 1.56), 1.18 (1.03, 1.36), and 1.85 (1.59, 2.17) compared to their references, respectively. Conclusions: Our study added new insight into LOSH determining factors that could be used for future planning in combating the need for hospital beds. The present study revealed that some demographic, social, and clinical variables could increase the IRR of a more extended hospital stay.

Prevalence and potential risk factors associated with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Dairy farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Fateh ◽  
Adel El-Gohary ◽  
Mona Elsayed ◽  
Fatma El-Gohary
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Objective: A cross sectional study was conducted between June 2017 and August 2018 in around Dakahlia governorate to identify Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to determine risk factors associated with the occurrence of mastitis in dairy cows. Design: Cross sectional study Animals and samples: 130 dairy cattle (744 samples) and 181 environmental samples (36 bedding, 37 bulk tank milk BTM, 27 feed troughs, 27 water troughs, 27 milk linear and 27 worker’s nasal swabs), with a total of 925 samples were studied. Procedures: Three hundred and seventy-two quarters were examined to detect clinical and subclinical mastitis by physical examinations and California mastitis test. In addition, bacteriological isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were carried on the above milk samples of above mentioned quarters, teat swabs and environmental samples. Results: The overall prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA was 59.4 and 22.4, respectively. The MRSA were more prevalent in mastitic quarter (X2 = 31.146, P-value = 0.000), Holstein Friesian breed (P-value = 0.021), Old aged dairy cattle (>8 years) (P-value = 0.000), Multiparous cows (P-value = 0.000), large herd size (>=2000) (P-value = 0.000). Conclusion and clinical relevance: The present result indicates that MRSA is a major cause of mastitis in dairy farms at northern Egypt, where one of the key elements for controlling its spreading depends mainly on determining its potential risk factors responsible for its existence.

scholarly journals Comparative study on dog bite and rabies in livestock and pet animal with their management in Faridpur sadar upazilla Veterinary hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Md Aftabuddin Rumi ◽  
Md Saiful Bari ◽  
Md Harisul Abid ◽  
Golam Rabbani ◽  
Mohammad Belayet Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Rabies Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

A cross-sectional study was carried out from 13th January to 15thMarch 2015 in the Upazilla Veterinary Hospital of the Sadar Upazilla under Faridpur District to estimate the dog bites, rabies, and their management in different livestock and pet animals registered for treatment. A prototype questionnaire was used to obtain the necessary information from the owners of the animals observed. Out of the total 170 animals diagnosed and treated based on gross lesion and history, 24, 13, 133 were cattle, dogs, and goats, respectively. The proportion positive of dog bite cases was 17.4% in cattle, 20.5% in goats, and 8.3% in dogs. Among the dog bitten animals, 77.8% were Category-III (single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, licks on broken skin) bite. The prevalence of rabies in dog bitten animals was 2.50% in dogs, 0.8% in goats and no rabies case was recorded in cattle. Post-rabies vaccine was used in 46.4%, 100% and 75.0% dog-bitten goats, cattle and dogs, respectively. The occupation and literacy of the owner, types of cattle, animal’s age, and animal source etc. showed a considerable difference in prevalence. However, none of the association was statistically significant. This baseline study might be extended with a required number of samples to identify potential risk factors for the occurrence of rabies in different animals.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(2): 215-224, August 2018

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