scholarly journals The image of a woman in the traditional Kazakh worldview

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulzhihan Nurysheva ◽  
Banu Kaldayeva

The article is devoted to the image of a woman in the traditional worldview of the Kazakh people. Traditional worldviews that are divided into historical types and the evolution of ideas and trends associated with the problem of women which took place at these stages are being studied. It is important to consider the problem of women in the context of the traditional worldview. This is due to the fact that trends and stereotypes about the social role of gender are formed on the basis of deeply rooted ideas that are traditionally passed down from generation to generation. These concepts have evolved over a long history of society and have different aspects: historical, social, economic, political, cultural, religious. Since the central core of all this is the worldview of people, it is important to analyze the image of a woman in the traditional worldview. This allows us to understand the evolutionary path of society's understanding of women's problems and its foundations. To preserve one's identity in the context of today's globalization, it is necessary to study the traditional system of values of the Kazakh people, the evolution of the system of ideas about the place and role of men and women in society, the historical experience of the people in relation to gender relations. In today's world, the globalization of culture and the national renaissance go hand in hand. In the culture of the 21st century, on the one hand, a common world culture of the whole planet is being formed, on the other hand, there is a growing interest in the cultural diversity of each nation and its development. The relationship between cultural heritage and modern culture is clearly reflected in the relationship between tradition and modernity in the image of today's Kazakh woman. Any culture is not established by force in a short time, the factors that regulate the culture of the people are formed over the centuries. Therefore, it is important to systematize the image of the Kazakh woman in modern culture, starting from the analysis of the image of mother in Kazakh mythology, motherhood in the Kazakh genealogy, the image of women in the heroic songs, as well as the image of women in the works of poets. Keywords: image of a woman, traditional Kazakh worldview, essence of a woman, “the concept of a Kazakh woman”, folklore.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-178
Author(s):  
Iwona Kabzińska

The author avoids using the term master/Master, instead referring to the concept of a Teacher when describing the people who played a significant role in her life and who are the main protagonists of this article. These people are the Professors Anna Kutrzeba-Pojnarowa and Witold Dynowski, ethnologists, excellent lecturers and researchers; and also people full of passion, respect for the achievements of other scholars, fascinated with the history of the discipline they represent and the interrelation of “macro” and “micro” history. First and foremost, they are great PEOPLE. Reminiscing about encounters with them, the author presents the model relationship between a teacher and a pupil, close to her, which is not limited to passing knowledge. The relationship is based on kindness, openness to others, and motivating them to overcome their limitations, fears and difficulties. The skills of noticing the potential of others, encouraging them to develop, acceptance, keeping one’s spirits up, support and co-existence should also be mentioned. Another person who also played the role of Teacher, although she has never been designated as such by the author, is her Grandmother Janina Orzechowska. She was the one who shaped the author’s attitudes to life, her way of looking at other people, her passions and ways of being. She was the person whose selfless love expressed by her behavior, gestures and looks accompanied the author from an early age. The motif of the relationship is very explicit in the text. The author emphasizes that relationships are not always joyful and constructive. Sometimes they clip one’s wings, they hurt and take away the light. Relationships which are beautiful in the beginning can also change under the influence of an illness, of one person affecting the others. The author describes changes like that via the example of the relationship with someone who appears in the text as the anonymous Teacher. It was a person from whom the author received a bitter lesson in life, far from fairy tales with a happy end.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Béla Mester

Abstract The role of the diaries and memoirs in the process of the conscious self-reflection and their contribution to the emergence of modern individual personalities are well-known facts of the intellectual history. The present paper intends to analyze a special form of the creation of modern individual character; it is the self-creation of the writer as a conscious personality, often with a clearly formulated opinion about her/his own social role. There will be offered several examples from the 19th-century history of the Hungarian intelligentsia. This period is more or less identical with the modernization of the “cultural industry” in Hungary, dominated by the periodicals with their deadlines, fixed lengths of the articles, and professional editing houses on the one hand and the cultural nation building on the other. Concerning the possible social and cultural role of the intelligentsia, it is the moment of the birth of a new type, so-called public intellectual. I will focus on three written sources, a diary of a Calvinist student of theology, Péter (Litkei) Tóth, the memoirs of an influential public intellectual, Gusztáv Szontagh, and a belletristic printed diary of a young intellectual, János Asbóth.


2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jasiewicz

This article presents a summary of analyses addressing the changing patterns of voting behavior in post-communist Poland as a context for examination of the issue of the relationship between regions defined by history (eighteenth-century partitions, border shifts after WWII) and contemporary forms of voting behavior. In the 1990s, the dominant cleavage in Polish politics was the one between the post-Solidarity and post-communist camps, and the best predictor of voting behavior was one’s religiosity. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, this cleavage has been replaced by another, between the liberal, pro-European orientation and the more Euro-skeptic, populist attitudes. The empirical evidence seems to suggest that one end of the populist—liberal continuum is relatively well defined and represents the traditional system of values, which defines Polish national identity in terms of ethnic nationalism, strong attachment to Catholic dogmas, and denunciation of communism as a virtual negation of those values. The other end of this continuum is defined more by rejection of this nationalistic-Catholic “imagined community” than by any positive features. This article examines the relative role of identity-related factors (e.g., religiosity or region) and determinants based on one’s socioeconomic (class) position in shaping voting patterns in the 2007 elections to the Polish Sejm and Senate. The empirical data come from a postelection survey, the Polish General Election Study 2007.


This volume explores philosophical questions raised by the dual status of human rights as moral rights, on the one hand, and legally, politically, and historically practised rights, on the other. Its topics include: the relevance of the history of human rights to their philosophical comprehension (Part I); the “Orthodox–Political” debate (II); how to properly understand the relationship between human rights morality and law (III); how to balance the normative character of human rights—their description of an ideal world—with the requirement that they be feasible in the here and now (IV); the role of human rights in a world shaped by politics and power (V); and how to reconcile the individualistic and communitarian aspects of human rights (VI). All chapters are accompanied by critical commentaries. And the volume includes a comprehensive introduction, which provides readers with a concise overview of the arguments in the main text.


2019 ◽  
pp. 242-263
Author(s):  
Виктор Лисюнин

Из истории традиции почитания и создания народного мемориального музея святителя Луки (Войно-Ясенецкого) в Тамбове. В статье осмысливается история создания народного мемориального музея святителя Луки (Войно-Ясенецкого) в Тамбове как логичное следствие традиции почитания святого, зародившейся ещё в момент его пребывания на тамбовской кафедре. Основной тезис исследования аргументируется фактами, выявленными в ходе изучения архивных и нарративных свидетельств. Используется также музеологическая методика, которая позволяет составить представление о тамбовском периоде жизни святителя на основе выявления и атрибуции меморий. Способом сохранения и популяризации духовного наследия святителя являются проекты, программы, гранты, конференции, экспозиции и выставки, приуроченные к знаменательным датам, связанным с периодом служения архиепископа-хирурга на тамбовской кафедре. Тамбовский период жизни архиепископа Луки (ВойноЯсенецкого) положил начало процессу возрождения церковной жизни, а также стал периодом расцвета профессиональных и духовных талантов святителя, общественного признания российским и международным сообществом. Конфликтный характер взаимоотношений тамбовского чиновничества и архиепископа расценивается как результат принципиального несходства в понимании роли Церкви в жизни народа, а также недостатком проработанности правовой основы деятельности православного духовенства в период кратковременного потепления отношений между государством и Церковью в 1943-1946 годах. Как сакральный мемориал православной истории тамбовского края нами осмысливается Покровский кафедральный собор г. Тамбова, в котором самим архиепископом были собраны святыни из многих закрывшихся храмов, где нашли приют верные последователи Патриарха Тихона, где была создана духовная среда, обеспечившая сохранность традиционной православной духовности. Создание народного музея являет следствие воли Божией о пастыре, отдавшего себя служению страдающему народу. Народнические устремления усматриваются: в выборе профессии, бескорыстии служения в госпиталях и земских больницах, сопричастности народной беде в годы многолетних ссылок и пр. На основе нарративных и архивных свидетельств уточнена и скорректирована информация, собранная первым биографом святителя - М. Поповским, посетившим Тамбов весной 1971 года. В целом, мемориализация как способ сохранения и популяризации духовного наследия является перспективной темой научного исследования. From the history of the tradition of veneration and creation of the Folk Memorial Museum of St. Luka (Vojno-Jasenetsky) in Tambov. In the article the history of creation of the Folk Memorial Museum of St. Luka (Vojno-Jasenetsky) in Tambov is analyzed as a logical consequence of the tradition of veneration of the saint, which originated at the time of his tenure in the Tambov Cathedral. The main thesis of the study is argued with the facts revealed during the study of archival and narrative evidence. A museological methodology is also used, which allows one to get an idea of the Tambov period of the saint's life on the basis of the identification and attribution of memorials. Projects, programmes, grants, conferences, expositions and exhibitions timed to commemorative dates related to the period of the archbishop's service to the Tambov Cathedral are a way to preserve and popularise the spiritual heritage of the saint. The period of life of Archbishop Luke (Voyno-Yasenetsky) in Tambov marked the beginning of the process of revival of church life, and also became a period of flourishing of professional and spiritual talents of the saint, public recognition by the Russian and international community. The conflicting nature of the relationship between the Tambov bishop and the archbishop is seen as a result of a fundamental misunderstanding of the role of the Church in the life of the people, as well as a lack of a legal basis for the activities of the Orthodox clergy during the brief warming of relations between the state and the Church in 1943-1946. The sacral memorial to the Orthodox history of the Tambov region is the Intercession Cathedral in Tambov, where the holy relics were gathered by the Archbishop from many closed churches; where the devoted followers of Patriarch Tikhon found shelter; where the spiritual environment which preserved the traditional Orthodox spirituality was created. The creation of the People's Museum is the result of God's will for the pastor, who gave himself up to serve the suffering people. His people's aspirations can be seen in his choice of profession, his selfless service in hospitals and zemstvo hospitals, his involvement in the suffering of the people during the years of exile, and so on. The information collected by the first biographer of the saint, M. Popovsky, who visited Tambov in spring 1971, was specified and corrected based on narrative and archival evidence. On the whole, memorialisation as a way of preserving and popularising spiritual heritage is a promising topic of scientific research.


Author(s):  
Ramón Arzápalo

It is the purpose of this article to show the social status of monolinguals of Indian languages in what roughly corresponds to Middle America, as well as to indicate how the salient features of interference on the Spanish spoken in that same area seem to clearly indicate a good basis for the social stratification of the people. Yucatan being the Mexican State with the highest percentage of bilinguals (even higher than Guatemala), it offers, on the one hand, an excellent example for the study of language contact, and, on the other—a field considerably neglected—the effect of this linguistic phenomenon on social stratification, together with the further biological implications it involves.


2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
Łukasz Medeksza

Urbanology: Towards a Revivalof the Traditional European Town“Urbanology” — the term used in the title of the book Towards urbanology by the architect Stanisław Lose from Wrocław — refers to his idea of “afield of knowledge whose main subject is aman in an urbanised world”. Therefore urbanology is opposed to urbanistics, which — according to Lose — is more interested in economy, transportation or spatial planning than in people. The author of Towards urbanology strongly appreciates the medieval model of town — and its more freedom-oriented, and creativity-oriented, continuation in later ages. The author is also very impressed by the historical role of christianity as the cultural integrator of urban societies. But Lose’s book is only apretext for briefly describing the contemporary history of the traditionalist current in urbanism and enthusiastic opinions about the Middle Ages expressed by such different authors as René Guénon, Peter Kropotkin or G.K. Chesterton. Nowadays the so-called neomedivalism tries to interpret the current cultural, political and administrative diversity of Europe as anew version of the multi-level and polycentric order associated with the Middle Ages. But neomedievalism and urbanistic traditionalism raise some questions — for example those about the limits of being inspired by the Middle Ages, about the economy of the neomedieval model of town or about the relationship between the notion of the so-called living tradition in urbanism and architecture on the one hand — and historical styles on the other.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Gavin ◽  
Zoya A. Tanshina

The article discussed the role of contemporary tapestry art in modern culture, the history of the formation and growth of national decorative-applied and monumental art schools in the Republics of former Soviet Union, the importance of both group and personal tapestry exhibitions organized by regional creative organizations of the Union of Artists and the Russian Union of Artists as well as the state Museum-Reserve “Tsaritsyno”. It emphasizes the importance of using richest traditions of folk art, stories and legends of the people living in multiethnic Russia. The works of teachers and graduates of the Department “Folk Art Culture and Contemporary Art” of the Institute of National Culture of Ogarev Mordovia State University have been demonstrated as an example of those who apply modern tapestry in architectural space design. The paper also defines prospects for the development of tapestry art in the works of young artists.


Author(s):  
Angeliki Laiju

"The Economic History of Byzantium", now in press, has been discussed on the basis of new archaeological data, a broader historiographical environment and on the economic ideology. The methodological problems concern chronology, the role of the state, the relationship between ideology and reality, the significance of smallholdings, the usefulness of modern economic theory. The economy was a mixed one, providing some of the important needs of the people.


Numen ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 141-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorne L. Dawson

Abstract The role that religion plays in the motivation of “religious terrorism” is the subject of much ongoing dispute, even in the case of jihadist groups. Some scholars, for differing reasons, deny that it has any role; others acknowledge the religious character of jihadism in particular, but subtly discount the role of religion, while favoring other explanations for this form of terrorism. Extending an argument begun elsewhere (Dawson 2014, 2017), this article delineates and criticizes the influence of a normative religious bias, on the one hand, and a normative secular bias, on the other hand, on scholarship addressing the relationship between religiosity and terrorism. I examine two illustrative studies to demonstrate the complexity of the conceptual issues at stake: Karen Armstrong’s best-selling book Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence (2014) and a recent article by Bart Schuurman and John G. Horgan on the rationales for terrorist violence in homegrown jihadist groups (2016).


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