scholarly journals Daylight modeling in complex environments considering the angular distribution of sky luminance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ignacio García Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Luminance Distribution ◽  
Resolution Measurement ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Control Procedures

The general objective of this thesis is the modeling of daylight in complex environments, such as cities. This requires precise knowledge, both geometric and photometric, of the environment and of the sources of radiation or illumination. For this reason, four partial objectives have been set: 1. Modeling of irradiance and illuminance sources considering the effects of the complex environment. 2. Modeling of luminous efficacy. 3. Modeling of typical daylighting conditions. 4. Development of an imaging system for fast and high spatial resolution measurement of luminance distribution in complex environments.The research carried out in order to achieve the aforementioned partial objectives have resulted in seven articles. These papers describe in detail the theoretical basis of the issues addressed, the experimental data acquisition systems used, the quality control procedures applied, the obtained results and the conclusions, which will be summarized as a whole as the relevant contributions of this thesis.

Knowledge sharing, complex environments and small-worlds

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Mike Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
System Thinking ◽  
Small Worlds ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Strategic Response ◽  
Social Species ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
Do So

This paper is about knowledge sharing vision appropriate for a complex environment. In these environments, traditional views of knowledge sharing as informing a hierarchical, centralised leadership may be misleading. A complex environment is defined as one that emerges unpredictable changes that require organisations to reconnect, to reorganise. Organisations need to be able to rapidly reconnect relationships so as to reflect new priorities, and to do so without causing change “bottlenecks”. The empirical biologists have observed that some social species have evolved structures that enable them to do this automatically what ever the environmental change. These organisational forms have survived for millions of years without central planning; rather they use local knowledge is reconnect as required overall providing an appropriate strategic response. These organisational forms seem to result from the small-worlds phenomenon and it is self organising. Specifically, this paper will argue that this small-worlds, self organisation, phenomena is a useful vision for designing a knowledge sharing vision appropriate for a complex environment. The supportive evidence is provided in the form of identifying the empirical attributes of self organisation and small worlds to provide an explanation of how and why it works. The system thinking, biology (insect) and the social-network literature are used.

scholarly journals Theoretical Basis for the Measurement of Small Differences in the Length of the Cell Cycle between Two Cell Populations

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Juan Sebastian Yakisich
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Experimental Variability ◽  
Cell Strains ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Cell Cycle Length

The length of the cell cycle (TC) is a tight regulated process and is important for proper development and homeostasis. Although several methods are available for estimating the duration of the cell cycle, it is difficult to determinate small differences of TC between two different cell populations due to biological and/or experimental variability. A novel strategy based in co-cultivation of two cell strains followed by a series of dilution and propagation of the culture will allow the quantification of very small differences in the length of two cell populations at resolution levels not possible at present with current methods. This is achieved by a separation of the endpoint variable measured to compare between two cell populations. The theoretical basis of this approach is discussed in the context of published experimental data and simulation of idealized experiments using virtual strains of different cell cycle length.

scholarly journals Kinematic parameters of goats walking on different slopes and biomimetic walking mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Zhang ◽  
Yafei Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
Experimental Image ◽  
Displacement Speed ◽  
Walking Mechanism ◽  
Uphill Walking

A comparative analysis of the kinematic parameters of a goat on different slopes was conducted to study the kinematic parameters of goats on different slopes with walking mechanics. The uphill walking processes on different slopes (0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25° and 30°) were recorded by a high speed video system (VRI Phantom M110). The experimental image results were processed and analyzed using PCC and MATLAB software. The kinematic parameters were obtained from the goat walking on different slopes; these parameters are the changes of centroid with displacement, speed with time, and acceleration with time. As the gradient in the uphill process increases, the range of centroid fluctuation ranges from 0.079 to 0.59 and the rate of change ranges from 0.4 to 2.2 m/s, while the acceleration of the goat slope decreases. The present research can provide theoretical basis and experimental data for the design of a biomimetic agricultural slope walking mechanism.

Dynamics of Dual-Cell Series Miura-Ori Structures With Different Types of Inter-Cell Connections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Zhou ◽  
Haiping Wu ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Hongbin Fang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cell Series

Abstract Origami-inspired structures and materials have shown remarkable properties and performances originating from the intricate geometries of folding. Origami folding could be a dynamic process and origami structures could possess rich dynamic characteristics under external excitations. However, the current state of dynamics of origami has mostly focused on the dynamics of a single cell. This research has performed numerical simulations on multi-stable dual-cell series Miura-Ori structures with different types of inter-cell connections based on a dynamic model that does not neglect in-plane mass. We introduce a concept of equivalent constraint stiffness k* to distinguish different types of inter-cell connections. Results of numerical simulations reveal the multi-stable dual-cell structure will exhibit a variety of complex nonlinear dynamic responses with the increasing of connection stiffness because of the deeper energy well it has. The connection stiffness has a strong effect on the steady-state dynamic responses under different excitation amplitudes and a variety of initial conditions. This effect makes us able to adjust the dynamic behaviors of dual-cell series Miura-Ori structure to our needs in a complex environment. Furthermore, the results of this research could provide us a theoretical basis for the dynamics of origami folding and serve as guidelines for designing dynamic applications of origami metastructures and metamaterials.

scholarly journals Structural and environmental constraints on reduction of paired appendages among vertebrates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Macaluso ◽  
Giorgio Carnevale ◽  
Raffaello Casu ◽  
Daniel Pietrocola ◽  
Andrea Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limb Loss ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Squamate Reptiles ◽  
Complex Habitat

Abstract Burrowing habits or complex environments have generally been considered as potential drivers acting on reduction and loss of the appendicular skeleton among vertebrates. Herein, we suggest that this might be the case for lissamphibians and squamates, but that fin loss in fishes is usually prevented by important structural constraints, because pectoral fins are commonly used to control rolling and pitching. We provide an overview of the distribution of paired appendage reduction across vertebrates while examining the ecological affinities of finless and limbless clades. We analysed the correlation between lifestyle and fin or limb loss using the discrete comparative analysis. The resulting Bayesian factors indicate strong evidence of correlation between: (1) pectoral-fin loss and coexistence of anguilliform elongation and burrowing habits or complex habitat in teleost fishes; and (2) limb loss and a burrowing or grass-swimming lifestyle in squamate reptiles and lissamphibians. These correlations suggest that a complex environment or a fossorial habit is a driving force leading to appendage loss. The only style of locomotion that is functional even in the absence of paired appendages is the undulatory one, which is typical of all elongated reptiles and lissamphibians, but certainly less common in teleost fishes.

Calculation of Meshing Efficiency of Helical Gear Based on Double Integral Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 458-462
Author(s):  
D.G. Chang ◽  
F. Shu ◽  
X.B. Chen ◽  
Y.J. Zou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Integral Method ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Double Integral ◽  
Rectangular Coordinate System ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Theoretical Results

The meshing efficiency of helical gear transmission is calculated by using the method of double integral. The external involute helical gear meshing is taken and the model of helical gears is simplified by the idea of differential. The instantaneous efficiency equation of a meshing point is derived, and further more the rectangular coordinate system of meshing zone of helical gears is established. The average meshing efficiency of helical gears is achieved by using double integral method. Then, the influence of design parameters is studied and the efficiency formula is verified by comparing the theoretical results with relevant experimental data, which can provide a theoretical basis for decide the design parameters.

Electrostatic Generation in Dielectric Fluids: The Viscoelectric Effect

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Balmer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Irreversible Thermodynamics ◽  
Reverse Effect ◽  
Dielectric Fluids ◽  
Electrostatic Generator ◽  
New Type ◽  
Mobile Charges

Simultaneous energy transfer modes have been known to interact to produce unusual “coupled” effects. This coupling now has its theoretical basis in the concept of entropy production (or dissipation or irreversibility) central to nonequilibrium irreversible thermodynamics. Over the years, many examples of coupled phenomena have been identified and studied (thermoelectricity, electrokinetics, piezoelectricity, and so forth). Electrohydrodynamics (the effect of fluid motion on electric fields and the reverse effect of electric fields on fluid motion) can be explained as a thermodynamically coupled phenomenon characterized by the viscous and electrical properties of a fluid that contain mobile charges at the molecular (e.g., ions) or macroscopic (e.g., dust) levels. This is called the “viscoelectric” effect. In the first part of this paper we apply the concepts of irreversible thermodynamics to electrohydrodynamic systems to develop the relevant relationships. The second describes experiments carried out with a new type of Couette electrostatic generator. The resulting experimental data is then discussed in light of the coupled phenomenon relations previously developed.

scholarly journals Multitarget Search of Swarm Robots in Unknown Complex Environments

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
You Zhou ◽  
Anhua Chen ◽  
Hongqiang Zhang ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Shaowu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Target Response ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Multiple Targets ◽  
Virtual Force ◽  
Swarm Robots ◽  
Division Model

When searching for multiple targets in an unknown complex environment, swarm robots should firstly form a number of subswarms autonomously through a task division model and then each subswarm searches for a target in parallel. Based on the probability response principle and multitarget division strategy, a closed-loop regulation strategy is proposed, which includes target type of member, target response intensity evaluation, and distance to the corresponding individuals. Besides, it is necessary to make robots avoid other robots and convex obstacles with various shapes in the unknown complex environment. By decomposing the multitarget search behavior of swarm robots, a simplified virtual-force model (SVF-Model) is developed for individual robots, and a control method is designed for swarm robots searching for multiple targets (SRSMT-SVF). The simulation results indicate that the proposed method keeps the robot with a good performance of collision avoidance, effectively reducing the collision conflicts among the robots, environment, and individuals.

scholarly journals Discovery of the Odderon by TOTEM experiments and the FMO approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Evgenij Martynov ◽  
Basarab Nicolescu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Momentum Transfer ◽  
Experimental Observation ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Precise Formulation ◽  
Wide Interval ◽  
History Of

This paper is an extended version of the talk by B. Nicolescu at the XLVIII International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics (ISMD2018) at Singapore, 3-7 September, 2018. Theoretical basis and history of the Froissaron and Maximal Odderon (FMO) approach for elastic pp and $ \bar {p} $ p scattering is presented. Precise formulation of the FMO model at any momentum transfer squared t is given. The model is applied to description and analysis of the experimental data in a wide interval of energy $ \sqrt s $ and t. The special attention is given for the latest TOTEM data at 13 TeV, both at t = 0 and at t ≠ 0 and to their interpretation in the FMO model. It is emphasized that the last TOTEM results can be considered as clear evidence for the first experimental observation of the Odderon, predicted theoretically about 50 years ago.

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