scholarly journals EFFECT OF BUBBLING TRAINING ON THE BREATHE HOLDING CAPACITY OF THE SWIMMERS IN CHANDRAPUR DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Keyword(s):  
Breath Holding ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Air Pockets ◽  
The Impact

Abstract : The procedure of bubbling while swimming assists swimmers with breathing appropriately. At the point when you swim, you breathe in through your mouth when your face is above water and breathe out through your mouth or nose when your face is submerged. Fledglings regularly alarm during the submerged stage and pause their breathing. By breathing out a constant flow of air pockets as you swim, you can stay away from this kind of pressure and spotlight on execution. Breathing inappropriately isn't only an amateur 'thing.' Many halfway and progressed swimmers don't have the legitimate breathing procedure, regularly pausing their breathing submerged and causing themselves superfluous strain. The specialist in above investigation contemplated the impact of preparing of rising on the breath holding limit. For the examination the understudies were picked haphazardly and broke down by measurable techniques. The critical impact of the foaming preparing was closed after the investigation. The analyst picked the swimmers. In this investigation the understudies were picked haphazardly having age bunch between 21 to 25. In the wake of breaking down the information by factual techniques it tracked down that foaming preparing has significant impact on the swimmers.

scholarly journals Purpose of the housing double stage polypropylene-carbon cartridges filters usage in bath gray water treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-258
Author(s):  
Maciej Malarski ◽  
Marek Kalenik
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Slight Improvement ◽  
Constant Flow Rate ◽  
Gray Water ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Filter

Bath gray water organoleptically did not appear to be significantly contaminated liquid. However, in order to re-use them, they need proper treatment. When recirculated in a household, they cannot pose a threat to human life. Based on their appearance, it seems that the solution to the problem is the use of cartridges filter. The article presents the results of the filtration of gray water from the bath through the filtration system with a housing double stage polypropylene-carbon filter FCCA-STO and to determine the impact of individual filter layers on wastewater treatment, tests were carried out on a single polypropylene FCPS10 and carbon FCCA filtration cartridge. The aim of the study was to determine the suitability of the selected housing filter cartridges for the treatment of bathing gray water for their reuse. For the tests were used natural bathing gray water from a two-family building inhabited by seven people. Wastewater were fed to the filter with a constant flow rate of 0.1 dm3·s–1. The assessment of the work of the filters based on parameters such as: COD, BOD5, suspension, dry residue, decay and turbidity. The conducted tests have shown a slight improvement in most of the quality parameters of gray water after filtration through selected housing cartridge filters. Only for turbidity, the reduction in the value of the pollution indicator was noticeable. The cartridge fi lters used in tests, acted like ordinary mechanical filtration cartridges. For the considered gray water, the use of analyzed cartridge fi lters can only be used for their initial purifi cation.

Increased pulmonary vascular resistance and reduced stroke volume in association with CO2retention and inferior vena cava dilatation

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 866-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darija Baković ◽  
Davor Eterović ◽  
Zoran Valic ◽  
Žana Saratlija-Novaković ◽  
Ivan Palada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Oxygen Saturation Level ◽  
The Impact

Changes in cardiovascular parameters elicited during a maximal breath hold are well described. However, the impact of consecutive maximal breath holds on central hemodynamics in the postapneic period is unknown. Eight trained apnea divers and eight control subjects performed five successive maximal apneas, separated by a 2-min resting interval, with face immersion in cold water. Ultrasound examinations of inferior vena cava (IVC) and the heart were carried out at times 0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 min after the last apnea. The arterial oxygen saturation level and blood pressure, heart rate, and transcutaneous partial pressures of CO2and O2were monitored continuously. At 20 min after breath holds, IVC diameter increased (27.6 and 16.8% for apnea divers and controls, respectively). Subsequently, pulmonary vascular resistance increased and cardiac output decreased both in apnea divers (62.8 and 21.4%, respectively) and the control group (74.6 and 17.8%, respectively). Cardiac output decrements were due to reductions in stroke volumes in the presence of reduced end-diastolic ventricular volumes. Transcutaneous partial pressure of CO2increased in all participants during breath holding, returned to baseline between apneas, but remained slightly elevated during the postdive observation period (∼4.5%). Thus increased right ventricular afterload and decreased cardiac output were associated with CO2retention and signs of peripheralization of blood volume. These results indicate that repeated apneas may cause prolonged hemodynamic changes after resumption of normal breathing, which may suggest what happens in sleep apnea syndrome.

Effects of water–air mixtures on hydraulic transients

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Pozos ◽  
Alejandro Sanchez ◽  
Eduardo A. Rodal ◽  
Yuri V. Fairuzov
Keyword(s):  
Bubbly Flow ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Hydraulic Transients ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pressure Transients ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Air Pocket ◽  
Pressurized Pipelines ◽  
Air Pockets ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to investigate pressurized pipelines and the potential effects on pressure transients of air entrained at the downstream end of large entrapped air pockets followed by a hydraulic jump in pressurized pipelines. The homogeneous two-phase flow model is used to simulate the transient response of the bubbly mixture after a pump shutdown. The results show that pressure transients are significantly reduced with increasing air-pocket volumes and bubbly flow air content. Experimental investigations were carried out to analyze the impact of different air-pocket volumes located at high points of pressurized pipelines. A case study of an existing pumping system was considered to exemplify the impact of the bubbly flow air content on hydraulic transients.

scholarly journals Metabolic cross-feeding allows a gut microbial community to overcome detrimental diets and alter host behaviour

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia F. Henriques ◽  
Lúcia Serra ◽  
Ana Patrícia Francisco ◽  
Zita Carvalho-Santos ◽  
Célia Baltazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Metabolic Interactions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Host Behaviour ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
The Impact

The impact of commensal bacteria on the host arises from complex microbial-diet-host interactions. Mapping metabolic interactions in gut microbial communities is therefore key to understand how the microbiome influences the host. Here we use an interdisciplinary approach including isotope-resolved metabolomics to show that in Drosophila melanogaster, Aceto-bacter pomorum (Ap) and Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) establish a syntrophic relationship to overcome detrimental host diets and identify Ap as the bacterium altering the host’s feeding decisions. Specifically, we show that Lp generates lactate which is used by Ap to produce and provide amino acids that are essential to Lp allowing it to grow in imbalanced diets. Lactate is also necessary and sufficient for Ap to alter the fly’s protein appetite. Our data show that gut bacterial communities use metabolic interactions to become resilient to detrimental host diets and to ensure the constant flow of metabolites used by effector bacteria to alter host behaviour.

scholarly journals Cerebral vasomotor reactivity and apnea test in symptomatic and asymptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lucic-Prokin ◽  
Petar Slankamenac ◽  
Pavle Kovacevic ◽  
Svetlana Ruzicka-Kaloci ◽  
Zeljko Zivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Apnea Test ◽  
Asymptomatic Carotid ◽  
Vasomotor Reactivity ◽  
Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breath Holding Index

Introduction. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR) represents an autoregulatory response of the arterial trunks on the specific vasoactive stimuli, most commonly CO2. Objective. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare VMR in high-grade symptomatic (SCAS) and asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACAS), using the apnea test to evaluate the hemodynamic status. Methods. The study included 50 patients who were hospitalized at the neurology and vascular surgery departments as part of preparation for carotid endarterectomy. We evaluated VMR by calculating the breath holding index (BHI) in 34 patients with SCAS and 16 patients with ACAS, with isolated high-grade carotid stenosis. We evaluated the impact of risk factors and collateral circulation on BHI, as well as the correlation between the degree of carotid stenosis and BHI. Results. A pathological BHI was more frequent in the SCAS group (p<0.01). There was no difference in the range of BHI values between the groups, both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. Only male gender was associated with pathological BHI in both groups (p<0.05). Collateral circulation did not exist in over 60% of all subjects. We confirmed a negative correlation between the degree of carotid stenosis and BHI. Conclusion. SCAS and ACAS patients present with different hemodynamics. While ACAS patients have stable hemodynamics, combination of hemodynamic and thromboembolic effects is characteristic of SCAS patients.

Influence of pericardial fluid on cardiogenic gas mixing in the lung

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Fukuchi ◽  
M. Cosio ◽  
S. Kelly ◽  
L. A. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Myocardial Contraction ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Gas Mixing ◽  
Maximal Amplitude ◽  
Critical Flow Rate ◽  
Before And After

Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 42(1): 5–12, 1977. -In eight open-chested dogs we measured the end-inspiratory N2 concentration within 12 airways, 2.5–8.3 mm in diameter during constant flow inflations with 0.5 liter of O2 before and after the introduction of saline into the pericardial sac. The critical flow rate necessary to achieve a given end-inspiratory FN2, as well as the maximal amplitude of cardiogenic N2 fluctuations, became smaller in the presence of pericardial fluid (PF). In the presence of only 25–50 ml of saline in the pericardium the effective diffusion coefficient, incorporating cardiogenic gas mixing, decreased by as much as 50–66%, respectively. Studies in two dogs with the chest intact showed that PF caused a qualitatively similar impairment of gas mixing during breath holding. Multiple-breath N2 washouts did not reflect the decreases in gas mixing produced by PF. We believe that PF decreases cardiogenic gas mixing mainly by protecting the lung from the rotational thrust of the heart during myocardial contraction.

scholarly journals Impact of lung volume changes on perfusion estimates derived by Electrical Impedance Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
Sabine Krueger-Ziolek ◽  
Bo Gong ◽  
Bernhard Laufer ◽  
Knut Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractElectrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), an imaging technique which operates non-invasively and without radiation exposure, provides information about ventilation- and cardiac-synchronous (pulsatile) changes in the lung. It is well known, that perfusion within the thorax is influenced by lung volume or intrathoracic pressure. In this observational study, it shall be investigated if this phenomenon can be monitored by EIT. Therefore, the impact of the amount of air within the lung on the pulsatile EIT signal was evaluated by carrying out EIT measurements with a spontaneously breathing lung healthy subject holding the breath at three different inspiratory and three various expiratory volume levels during normal tidal breathing. For EIT data analysis, a region of interest was defined by including lung tissue and excluding the heart region. The EIT data revealed, that the shape and the amplitude of the pulsatile EIT signal (evaluated per heartbeat) during the phases of breath holding were dependent on the enclosed lung volume. For lung volumes > 4 L, the amplitude of the pulsatile EIT signal increased with rising inspiratory level and the shape remained almost unchanged. For lung volumes < 4 L, a change in shape was visible but the amplitude remained more or less the same with decreasing expiratory level. Since the results of this observational study show that the pulsatile EIT signal is influenced by the lung volume, it might be used in future to draw conclusions of cardiacpulmonary interactions or intrathoracic pressure states, benefitting the treatment of intensive care patients.

Violent breaking wave impacts. Part 3. Effects of scale and aeration

2015 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 82-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bredmose ◽  
G. N. Bullock ◽  
A. J. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Law ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Impact Pressure ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Pressure Maximum ◽  
Air Pockets ◽  
Entrained Air ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effects of scale and aeration on violent breaking wave impacts with trapped and entrained air are investigated both analytically and numerically. By dimensional analysis we show that the impact pressures for Froude scaled conditions prior to the impact depend on the scale and aeration level. The Bagnold–Mitsuyasu scaling law for the compression of an air pocket by a piston of incompressible water is rederived and generalised to 3D air pockets of arbitrary shape. Numerical results for wall pressure, force and impulse are then presented for a flip-through impact, a low-aeration impact and a high-aeration impact, for nine scales and five levels of initial aeration. Two of these impact types trap a pocket of air at the wall. Among the findings of the paper is that for fixed initial aeration, impact pressures from the flip-through impact broadly follow Froude scaling. This is also the case for the two impact types with trapped air pockets for impact pressures below 318 kPa, while impact pressures above this value broadly follow the Bagnold–Mitsuyasu scaling law with full-scale pressures greater than those predicted by the Froude law. For all impact types, the effect of aeration is found to reduce the maximum impact pressure, maximum force and impulse. Good agreement with the asymptotic model of Peregrine & Thais (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 325, 1996, pp. 377–397) is found for the flip-through impact pressure and a fair agreement is found for the low- and high-aeration impacts. Based on the numerical results, a modified scaling curve that combines Froude scaling and the Bagnold–Mitsuyasu law is suggested. The practical implications of the findings are discussed and attention is drawn to the limitations of physical model tests.

scholarly journals The impact of air pockets around the vaginal cylinder on vaginal vault brachytherapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (1047) ◽  
pp. 20140694 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Onal ◽  
O C Guler ◽  
Y Dolek
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Vault ◽  
Air Pockets ◽  
The Impact
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