scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT SUPPLY AND WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE RURAL REGIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Alexandr Bogomolov ◽  
Alexandr Nikiforov ◽  
Ultuar Zhalmagambetova
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
System A ◽  
Pipe Water ◽  
Optimization Of Heat Supply ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

The problems of providing various types of energy to remote isolated settlements, territorial and climatic features consideration are reviewed, a three – pipe water supply system, a technology working on solid fuel for heat and electricity supply adapted to the conditions of a particular village are proposed. The use of the proposed methods of supply will reduce the cost of electricity, heat, water and gaseous fuel. Which will be quite acceptable for families with medium and small incomes. The described technology for producing gas with an acceptable calorific value is based on partial heat treatment of coal. The presence of gaseous fuel allows you to transfer cooking to the supply of fuel from a single.

scholarly journals Optimal Implementation of Wastewater Reuse in Existing Sewerage Systems to Improve Resilience and Sustainability in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2004
Author(s):  
Aakash Dev ◽  
Timo C. Dilly ◽  
Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽  
Ulrich Dittmer ◽  
S. Murty Bhallamudi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Graywater Reuse ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

A transition from conventional centralized to hybrid decentralized systems has been increasingly advised recently due to their capability to enhance the resilience and sustainability of urban water supply systems. Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes is a promising opportunity toward the aforementioned resolutions. In this study, we present two optimization models for integrating reusing systems into existing sewerage systems to bridge the supply–demand gap in an existing water supply system. In Model-1, the supply–demand gap is bridged by introducing on-site graywater treatment and reuse, and in Model-2, the gap is bridged by decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse. The applicability of the proposed models is evaluated using two test cases: one a proof-of-concept hypothetical network and the other a near realistic network based on the sewerage network in Chennai, India. The results show that the proposed models outperform the existing approaches by achieving more than a 20% reduction in the cost of procuring water and more than a 36% reduction in the demand for freshwater through the implementation of local on-site graywater reuse for both test cases. These numbers are about 12% and 34% respectively for the implementation of decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse.

scholarly journals Selection of filter parameters of Individual water supply systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 01072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shcherbakov ◽  
Aleksandr Akulshin ◽  
Aleksandr Bachmetev ◽  
Anatolyi Akulshin
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Water Well ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

The paper is devoted to the problem of optimal design, construction and operation of water supply systems and their elements. The key element of the system is a water well. The quality of its design and construction determines the operation of the water intake as a whole. Disadvantages in the construction of a well lead to disruption of the entire water supply system of a particular object. The paper proposed a methodology for selecting the optimal diameter and length of the well filter of a water well. Based on the methodology, an example of filter parameters selection for hydrogeological conditions of the city of Kursk is given. The above calculation showed that the use of the entrance velocity criterion in the design of wells can significantly reduce the cost of well construction while ensuring the design flow rate and allowable lowering of the water level. The cost of the filter, depending on the well design, is 20-30% of the total price for its construction. The most important filter parameters affecting the cost of a well are its length and diameter. Justifying the minimum diameter of the filter that ensures the designed water intake and allowable dewatering can significantly reduce the cost of the well, taking into account the fact that modern pumping equipment allows the use of columns of small diameter above the filter.

Economic evaluation of water supply systems operated with solar-driven electro-chlorination in rural regions in Nepal, Egypt and Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 116384
Author(s):  
Philipp Otter ◽  
Wolfgang Sattler ◽  
Thomas Grischek ◽  
Martina Jaskolski ◽  
Emanuel Mey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Supply Systems

PSO Applied to Reduce the Cost of Energy in Water Supply Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 703-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Melo Brentan ◽  
Edevar Luvizotto Jr. ◽  
Lubienska Cristina L.J. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

The growth of urban population and subsequent expansion of the cities impose difficulties of gather a reliable water supply systems that attend the fluctuations of demand throughout the day, and their operation with appropriate hydraulic and operational parameters. The search of better routines for water pumping stations with both starting and stopping of pumps or use of variable speed devices has become increasingly common, and the motivation of this search is found in the need for energy saving. But the task is arduous and becomes fertile field for the application of modern techniques and robust optimization. Noteworthy are currently those that seek their inspiration in nature systems, such as Particle Swarm Optimization, which is based on intelligence of groups, such as schools of fish or swarms of bee. By this way, the present work aims to contribute to the topic, developing a hybrid algorithm (simulator-optimizer) for determination of optimized routines for pumping station i.e., routines that seek the best operational routine for an extended period of 24 hours.

scholarly journals ABOUT FEATURES OF WATER CONSUMPTION CALCULATION WHEN DESIGNING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Sayriddin Sh. SAYRIDDINOV
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Research And Design

This article discusses the hydraulic and technological features of calculating water consumption when designing water supply systems for high-rise buildings in order to increase the effi ciency of water supply and distribution in a given projected object. The basic criteria for the operation of water supply systems for high-rise buildings in accordance with modern requirements of regulatory documents are given. The technological need is justifi ed and completed operational, technological and feasibility analysis of the applicability of methods determination of water consumption to improve the effi ciency of water supply systems of high-rise buildings. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for determining the cost of internal water supply performed by various research and design institutes are indicated.

Energy Embodiment of Water Supply: A Comparison between the US and China

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2175-2181
Author(s):  
Wei Wei Mo ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Rong Chang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
System A ◽  
The Us ◽  
Supply Systems

Under the rapid growth of world’s economy and population, the demand for water and energy has been increasing accordingly. Moreover, water and energy are interrelated and form a reinforcing feedback loop. Energy is used not only onsite of water supply systems, but also indirectly for producing materials used in the water systems. As a result, it is important to understand and evaluate the energy embodiment of water supply for sustainable water and energy management. This study uses the Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment software to estimate and compare the embodied energy of one China water supply system (System A) and one US water supply system (System B). It has been found that System B in the US has comparable direct operational energy consumption with System A in China; however, System B consumes much more indirect energy and constructional energy than System A. Possible reasons for the higher indirect energy use in System B might be more administrative and engineering (maintenance and repairing) services involved, lower transportation efficiency, more self water usage within the system and higher labor rates. To satisfy the water demand for the large population, China’s water supply systems have to reduce direct energy consumption during the operation phase by conducting energy budget and adopting energy efficient technologies.

scholarly journals A Study on Potential of Rainwater Harvesting System in SJK Chung Hua No. 2, Kuching

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Brenda K.E. Law ◽  
Rosmina A. Bustami
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

This study focuses on rainwater harvesting system in a school area in Kuching, Sarawak. Over the years of development processes, there exists quite a number of environmental issues in Malaysia and this is getting serious day by day. Flooding, greenhouse effect, pollution, and global warming are some of the factors that are happening brought about by the rapid development in Malaysia and the whole world today. Presently, the water supply systems have improved but the demand is increasing due to the population growth, and development. To pursue the need for a more sustainable development, rainwater harvesting has been recognized as one of the innovative solutions. This method can be used as an alternative water supply in the future and can reduce the utility bills for water supply among the consumers and potential to be implemented in Malaysia since it has high rainfall intensity. Besides, usage of the collected water volume from rainwater harvesting was direct and without any treatment. The process will include observation of the study area, rainfall data, and collections of data to determine the storage capacity required. From this study, rainwater can fully replace the treated water and the cost of the system is RM 16,699.60. The payback period of the system is 7.12 years with minimum maintenance fees.

scholarly journals The Development of the Athens Water Supply System and Inferences for Optimizing the Scale of Water Infrastructures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-Fivos Sargentis ◽  
Romanos Ioannidis ◽  
Georgios Karakatsanis ◽  
Stavroula Sigourou ◽  
Nikos D. Lagaros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Local Data ◽  
City Population ◽  
Big City ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

Modern organized societies require robust infrastructures, among which hydraulic projects, such as water supply and drainage systems, are most important, particularly in water-scarce areas. Athens is a unique example because it is a big city (population 3.7 million) located in a very dry area. In order to support the development of the city, large hydraulic projects had to be constructed during its history and, as a result, Athens currently has one of the largest water supply systems in the world. Could Athenians choose smaller scale infrastructures instead? Analyzing social, technical and economical historical data, we can see that large capital investments were required. In order to evaluate these investments this paper presents a technical summary of the development. An economic analysis displays historical values of these investments in present monetary values. The cost of existing infrastructure is compared to the cost of constructing smaller reservoirs and a model is created to correlate the price of water and the cost of water storage with the size of reservoirs. In particular, if more and smaller reservoirs were built instead of the large existing ones, the cost of the water would significantly increase, as illustrated by modelling the cost using local data.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Efficiency of Methods for Optimizing the Flow Distribution in Water Supply Systems with a Large Number of Active Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Sergey Dyadun ◽  
Vladlen Kuznetsov ◽  
Valentin Yesilevskyi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Computer Time ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Operative Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

Optimization of the water flow distribution is an important problem in the field of the operative control over technological processes in water supply systems. In this article we describe the comparative analysis results showing the efficiency of various methods used to optimize flow distribution in water supply systems with a large number of active sources. The research has shown that the Hooke and Jeeves method of the direct search is the most efficient in terms of the cost of computer time and the amount of used memory.

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