Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Distillery Wastewater at Habib Sugar Mills, Nawabshah

The aim of this study is to perceive the level of significant physicochemical characteristics of Distillery Wastewater (DWW) at Habib Sugar Mills, Nawabshah, Pakistan. Five locations in the mill namely spent wash, digester tank, distillery, primary treatment, and secondary treatment were selected for analysis of pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the samples. The samples were taken on a weekly basis for four succeeding months, from January 2021 to April 2021 and the experiments were carried out in the laboratory by adopting standard procedures. The results revealed that the pH of the samples from spent wash was the lowest, whereas secondary treatment samples had the highest. On the contrary, the highest concentrations of TDS, TSS, and COD were found in the samples taken from the spent wash and the lowest from the secondary treatment. The pH values were found abruptly increasing in the digester tank due to the addition of calcium carbonate in the stream of wastewater after the spent wash. The COD concentration was found to rapidly decrease, from more than 106000mg/l in the spent wash to around 35000mg/l in the digester tank samples, and then to gradually decrease up to the final point of disposal. Overall, TDS, TSS, and COD values were higher during April, January, and February and lower during March. The level of pH was extremely low in the spent wash and did not meet the lower limits of standards and the other examined parameters exceeded the upper limits of WHO standards.

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Chemically Enhanced Primary

European Journal of Engineering Research and Science ◽

10.24018/ejers.2019.4.4.1252 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 115-123

Author(s):

Mona Mohamed Amin Abdel Fatah ◽

Ghada A. Al Bazedi

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Settling Time ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Turbidity Removal ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽

High Turbidity

The Chemically enhanced process is considered to be a physicochemical technology for domestic wastewater treatment. The objective of this paper is to improve the efficiency of primary treatment processes and reducing the Hazardous Material and cost of the secondary treatment stage either by eliminating a biological treatment, where conditions and standards allow or by reducing the secondary treatment requirements. Analysis of physicochemical parameters as well as the treatment efficiency of aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride (FeCl3), lime (CaO), and seawater was used. The effect of pH and the coagulant dosages were studied as well as mixing and settling time. Conditions were optimized according to the removal efficiencies measured in terms of reduction in the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The optimum COD removal % was achieved at a settling time of 20 minutes, while at pH~6, alum gave a high turbidity % removal of approximately 90% at the dose of 70 mg/l. FeCl3 gave a high turbidity % removal of approximately 95% at the dose of 40 mg/l. Turbidity removal and TSS removal gave a similar pattern at a settling time of 10-20 minutes, where best results were achieved. The results also showed that at pH~4, FeCl3 gave high COD% removal of approximately 90% at the dose of 40 mg/l. By studying the effect of stirrers’ speed (rpm), the results showed that an increase in the mixing intensity, above 80 rpm decreases the removals of COD, Turbidity and TSS when using alum as a coagulant.

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Wastewater Treatment Operations

Advanced Design of Wastewater Treatment Plants - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9441-3.ch003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 89-254

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Settling Tank ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Tertiary Treatment ◽

Insight Into ◽

Intended Use

Sewage is treated by a variety of methods to make it suitable for its intended use, be it for spraying onto irrigation fields (for watering crops) or be it for human consumption. Sewage treatment mainly takes place in two main stages: primary and secondary treatment. In arid areas, where there is not enough water, sewage also undergoes a tertiary treatment to meet the demands of the drinking water supply. During primary treatment, the suspended solids are separated from the water and the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) of the water is reduced, preparing it for the next stage in wastewater treatment. Secondary treatment consists of aeration and settling tank. This process removes 75-95% of the BOD. In case of trickling filter, BOD removal is up to 80%-85%. The water is then disinfected, mostly by chlorination, and released into flowing streams or oceans. Therefore, the main objective of this chapter is to provide a deeper insight into preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment of wastewater and furthermore provide cognizance concerning design considerations of treatment units.

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Advanced primary treatment: An alternative to biological secondary treatment. The city of Los Angeles hyperion treatment plant experience

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0436 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (3-4) ◽

pp. 223-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Y. J. Shao ◽

Anmin Liu ◽

Wada Frank ◽

John Crosse ◽

David Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Anionic Polymer ◽

Coagulation And Flocculation ◽

The Usa ◽

The City

Advanced primary treatment (APT) is a process, in which chemicals are added to raw sewage to enhance total suspended solids (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removals by coagulation and flocculation. The City of Los Angeles Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP) is the largest APT plant in the USA, servicing over 4 million people within an area of 1500 km2 and currently treating an average of 15 m3/s (350 MGD). HTP began using APT in 1986; current chemical doses to the raw sewage are 10 mg/l of FeCl3 and 0.15 mg/l of an extremely high molecular weight anionic polymer. The 1992 annual average influent TSS and BOD5 concentrations were both 330 mg/l and the APT removed an average 83% TSS and 51% BOD5 at an average surface overflow rate of 75 m/day (1900 gals/ft2,day). This paper discusses the overall performance of APT. The process is more cost effective than conventional primary treatment and its use can significantly reduce the size of the following secondary treatment process. APT is especially suitable for developing countries because of its low capital and operating costs.

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Winery and distillery wastewater treatment by constructed wetland with shorter retention time

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.206 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (10) ◽

pp. 2611-2615 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. R. Mulidzi

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Retention Time ◽

Gradual Increase ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Sodium Magnesium ◽

Distillery Wastewater ◽

The Impact

The rationale for using constructed wetlands for treating wastewater is that wetlands are naturally among the most biological active ecosystem on earth. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of shorter retention time on the performance of constructed wetland in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and other elements removal. The application of wastewater with retention time of seven days as well as the evaluation of water quality after treatment at Goudini experimental wetland was carried out throughout the year. The results had shown an overall average COD removal of 60% throughout the year. Results also showed reasonable removal of other elements namely; potassium, pH, nitrogen, electrical conductivity, calcium, sodium, magnesium and boron from the wastewater by constructed wetlands. The results showed low COD removal during July until September after which it improved tremendously. The reason for low COD removal during first three months could be attributed to the fact that there was no gradual increase of wastewater application to the wetlands i.e. from 4,050 litres per day to 8,100 litres per day. The results had showed that constructed wetland as a secondary treatment system is effective in terms of COD and other elements removal from winery and distillery wastewater. COD removal throughout the year was 60% with seven days retention time. When compared with previous studies that showed 80% COD removal within 14 days retention time, therefore the 60% removal is very critical to wine industries as more wastewater will be applied to the system.

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Potential of Recalcitrant Effluent to Generate Biogas by Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket and Mechanical Vapour Recompression (MVR) -A Case Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-394660/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manoj Wagh ◽

Pravin Nemade ◽

Ashok Biradar

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Demand ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Organic Content ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Spent Wash ◽

Distillery Spent Wash ◽

Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract The spent wash generated in the distillation process has very high organic content like biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are treated to curtail the levels of COD and BOD. Day by day the rules and legislation are stringent and mandatory for disposal of distillery spent wash. Anaerobic treatment is the primary treatment widely adopted to generate biogas. To find out the potential of recalcitrant effluent a case study of the full-scale operating biomethanation plants at Sanjivani, SSK Ltd, Kopargaon, (M.S), India and Spectrum Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd. (SREL) Warnanagar (M. S.), India was incorporated. Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket treatment was implemented to generate the biogas. Sanjivani distillery industry, Kopargaon has a COD removal efficiency of 70–72% with specific biogas generation of 0.5 m3/ kg COD removal, and total biogas generated is 38000 Nm3/d. Mechanical Vapour Recompression (MVR) is the cutting-edge technology executed to convert distillery spent wash into useful by-products such as biogas, clean water, and organic manure.

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Evaluation of the Phytoplanktons Species Diversity, Distribution and Physicochemical Characteristics of Pindiga Pond in Gombe State of Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v23i10.11 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1835-1839

Author(s):

Y. Abdullahi ◽

P. Moses ◽

V.B. Kwaya

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pond Water ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Biological Oxygen Demand ◽

Standard Procedures

Studies were conducted on the diversity, distribution and physicochemical characteristics of phytoplanktons of Pindiga Pond. Water and phytoplankton samples were collected for three months at ten (10) days interval. The objective of the present research is to determine the phytoplanktons distribution and physicochemical characteristics of the Pond. Standard procedures were adopted for determination of physicochemical parameters viz; Temperature, pH, Transparency, Conductivity, Nitrate, Phosphate, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD).These physicochemical characteristics were observed to have varied within the period of the study. Seventeen (17) genus, Thirteen (13) orders, four (4) classes, and four (4) division of phytoplankton were identified, and the class Bacillariophyceae (46 %) was the highest percentage recorded during the study, Chlorophyceae (32 %), Euglenophyceae (19 %) and Cyanophyceae (3%) the least in occurrence and distribution. The study also revealed that pindiga pond had luxuriant phytoplanktons flora, diverse and seasonal with fluctuating pattern of physicochemical characteristics recorded. The physicochemical characteristics were also within productive limit in Pindiga pond.Key words: Phytoplanktons, Diversity, Distribution, Pond

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DESAIN PILOT PLANT DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH DI INDUSTRI MIGAS Studi Kasus Kilang Minyak RU-VI Balongan PT. Pertamina (Persero)

Jurnal Air Indonesia ◽

10.29122/jai.v12i2.4360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nusa Idaman Said ◽

Ikbal Ikbal ◽

Satmoko Yudo

Keyword(s):

Pilot Plant ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Advanced Treatment ◽

Preliminary Treatment ◽

Secondary Treatment

Sejalan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang sangat pesat dan meningkatnya pencemaran air tanah maupun air permukaan, serta distribusi sumber air untuk konsumsi pemakaian air yang tidak merata telah menyebabkan ketidak-seimbangan antara pasokan dan kebutuhan akan air. Oleh karena itu, menjadi perhatian yang penting dalam melakukan upaya-upaya dalam hal penyediaan sumber air. Salah satu alternatif yang banyak mendapat perhatian di banyak negara di dunia adalah menggunakan teknologi daur ulang air limbah sebagai sumber air baku untuk penyediaan air bersih. Industri migas merupakan salah satu industri yang mempunyai kebutuhan akan air bersih yang besar, khususnya kilang minyak. Pemakaian air di kilang minyak tersebut cukup besar yaitu sebesar 1.400 m3 perjam, apabila air hasil buangannya dapat di daur ulang sebesar 10% atau lebih saja maka kebutuhan air bersih akan dapat dihemat. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah melakukan desain instalasi daur ulang air di suatu kilang minyak. Konsep yang umum dari daur ulang adalah melakukan pengolahan air limbah untuk dijadikan air bersih, dengan menggunakan kombinasi proses pra-pengolahan (preliminary treatment), pengolahan primer (primary treatment), pengolahan primer lanjutan (advanced primary treatment), pengolahan sekunder (secondary treatment), dan pengolahan tersier (tertiary/advanced treatment). Dengan kombinasi proses tersebut dapat mengolah air limbah sampai menghasilkan air olahan dengan kualitas sebagai air minum. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah diperolehnya desain pilot plant instalasi daur ulang air limbah di industri migas dengan kapasitas 9 m3/jam. Kata kunci: pencemaran air, air limbah, desain daur ulang air, kilang minyak

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Novel Treatment of Sugar Mill Wastewater in a Coupled System of Aged Refuse Filled Bioreactors (ARFB): Full-Scale

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9030516 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 516

Author(s):

Rubén Fernando Gutiérrez-Hernández ◽

Hugo Alejandro Nájera-Aguilar ◽

Juan Antonio Araiza-Aguilar ◽

Rebeca Isabel Martínez-Salinas ◽

Carlos Manuel García-Lara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Demand ◽

Coupled System ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Full Scale ◽

Sugar Mill ◽

Daily Diet ◽

Aged Refuse ◽

International Regulations ◽

Sugar Mills ◽

Two Stages

Sugar is the most important food supplement of our daily diet. During the production, sugar mills use a large volume of water and produce a significant amount of wastewater polluted with high organic compounds. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the wastewater before their disposal. For this reason, this article presents the results obtained from the monitoring of a coupled system of aged refuse filled bioreactors (ARFB) in full scale to treat wastewater from a sugar mill. The coupled system consists of two bioreactors (a primary one -ARFB1- and a rectification one -ARFB2-) arranged in a series with identical geometries. The ARFB1-ARFB2 system was evaluated in two stages. The first stage (maintenance period) for 28 weeks, and second stage (Zafra season) for 29 weeks. The system was fed with sugar mill wastewater (SMW) with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 2787 ± 1552 mg/L and 2601 ± 722 mg/L, respectively. As results, we observed a rapid stabilization of the system over 2 months. In addition, we found the ARFB1-ARFB2 system achieved an average COD removal of 94.9%, with a final effluent (E2) concentration below the maximum permissible limits of Mexican and international regulations for all analyzed parameters. Finally, the results of this study show that the ARFB1-ARFB2 full-scale novel technology is an efficient process for removal of the main contaminants that affect the wastewater from the sugar mills.

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