scholarly journals Chemically Enhanced Primary

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Mona Mohamed Amin Abdel Fatah ◽  
Ghada A. Al Bazedi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Turbidity

The Chemically enhanced process is considered to be a physicochemical technology for domestic wastewater treatment. The objective of this paper is to improve the efficiency of primary treatment processes and reducing the Hazardous Material and cost of the secondary treatment stage either by eliminating a biological treatment, where conditions and standards allow or by reducing the secondary treatment requirements. Analysis of physicochemical parameters as well as the treatment efficiency of aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride (FeCl3), lime (CaO), and seawater was used. The effect of pH and the coagulant dosages were studied as well as mixing and settling time. Conditions were optimized according to the removal efficiencies measured in terms of reduction in the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The optimum COD removal % was achieved at a settling time of 20 minutes, while at pH~6, alum gave a high turbidity % removal of approximately 90% at the dose of 70 mg/l. FeCl3 gave a high turbidity % removal of approximately 95% at the dose of 40 mg/l. Turbidity removal and TSS removal gave a similar pattern at a settling time of 10-20 minutes, where best results were achieved. The results also showed that at pH~4, FeCl3 gave high COD% removal of approximately 90% at the dose of 40 mg/l. By studying the effect of stirrers’ speed (rpm), the results showed that an increase in the mixing intensity, above 80 rpm decreases the removals of COD, Turbidity and TSS when using alum as a coagulant.

scholarly journals Application of alternative carriers without protected surface in moving bed biofilm reactor for domestic wastewater treatment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno de Oliveira Freitas ◽  
Luan de Souza Leite ◽  
Maria Teresa Hoffmann ◽  
Antonio Wagner Lamon ◽  
Luiz Antonio Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Corrugated Tube ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Protected Surface

Abstract Biological reactors with immobilized biomass on free carriers have provided new perspectives for wastewater treatment, once they reduce the system size and increase the treatment capacity. In this study, the performance of three Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR) using different carriers (with and without protected surface area) were evaluated for domestic wastewater treatment in continuous flow. Each MBBRs (i.e., R1, R2, and R3) was filled at a ratio of 50% with high-density polyethylene carriers with different characteristics: both R1-K1 and R2-Corrugated tube with protected surface and R3-HDPE flakes without protected surface. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 80 ± 5.0, 80 ± 3.5, and 78 ± 2.4% was achieved by R1, R2, and R3, respectively. The oxygen uptake by biofilm attached on the carriers was 0.0079 ± 0.0013, 0.0033 ± 0.0015, and 0.0031 ± 0.0026 μg DO·mm−2 for the K1, corrugated tube, and HDPE flakes, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the performance of the three MBBRs in terms of physico-chemical parameters (alkalinity, pH, and dissolved inorganic carbon) and COD removal. Results showed that the carrier type and its characteristics (total area and with/without protected area) did not affect the organic matter removal. Thus, the carrier without a protected surface in MBBR could be a promising low-cost option for domestic wastewater treatment.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

Evaluation of flocculation and dissolved air flotation as an advanced wastewater treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Pinto Filho ◽  
C. C. Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Dissolved Air

A bench scale study was carried out in order to evaluate the applicability of dissolved air flotation (DAF) as an advanced treatment for effluents from three different domestic wastewater treatment processes, namely: (i) a tertiary activated sludge plant ; (ii) an upflow sludge blanket anaerobic reactor (UASB); and (iii) a high-rate stabilization pond.

scholarly journals Aerobic Brickbat Grit Sand (ABGS) Purifier is the Alternative Solution: Tackling the Problem of Rural Wastewater Treatment in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-464
Author(s):  
PRIYANAND AGALE ◽  
PARAG SADGIR
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Zigzag Pattern ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Removal Of Contaminants ◽  
College Of Engineering ◽  
Rural Wastewater

Rural wastewater treatment is mostly ignored in developing and undeveloped countries. The most important barrier for addressing to this problem is cost of treatment and simplified technology. Aerobic Brickbat Grit Sand (ABGS) purifier consists of four stages. Wastewater flows gravitationally through partition walls in zigzag pattern with brick bats filter; Pebble sand filter and charcoal and grit filter which facilitate removal of contaminants from domestic wastewater. In the present study, experimental model for domestic wastewater treatment was setup in the Environmental Engineering laboratory at Government College of Engineering Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Physiochemical analysis was done in August and September of 2016 the percentage removal of contaminants results shows Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 92% - 87%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 93 - 89%, Total Suspended Solids( TSS) 80 - 78% and Turbidity 95 - 85%. The process is considered eco-friendly and easy to install technology for domestic wastewater treatment with use of locally available material. ABGS purifier is decentralized approach of domestic wastewater treatment. Hence ABGS as an alternative solution to tackle over the problem of rural wastewater treatment.

Tech-IA floating system introduced in urban wastewater treatment plants in the Veneto region – Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1144-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mietto ◽  
Maurizio Borin ◽  
Michela Salvato ◽  
Paolo Ronco ◽  
Nicola Tadiello
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Floating System

The performance of three integrated wetland treatment plants (horizontal sub-surface flow (h-SSF) and floating treatment wetland (FTW) with differentiated primary treatments) designed for treating domestic wastewater was investigated, monitoring total (TN), nitrate (NO3-N), nitrite (NO2-N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), total (TP) and phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P), chemical (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and dissolved oxygen (DO) at the inlet and outlet of each wetland section from February 2011 to June 2012. Sediments settled in the FTW were collected and analyzed. The growth of plants in each system was also monitored, observing their general conditions. The chemical–physical characteristics of the pretreated domestic wastewater depended on the primary treatment installed. During the monitoring period we observed different reduction performance of the wetland sector in the three sites. In general, the wetland systems demonstrated the capacity to reduce TN, COD, BOD5 and Escherichia coli, whereas NO3-N and NH4-N removal was strictly influenced by the chemical conditions, in particular DO concentration, in the h-SSF and FTW. Vegetation (Phragmites australis, Alnus glutinosa and Salix eleagnos) was well established in the h-SSF as well as in the floating elements (Iris pseudacorus), although there were some signs of predation. FTW is a relatively novel wetland system, so the results obtained from this study can pave the way for the application of this technology.

scholarly journals TREATMENT OF A TEXTILE WASTEWATER USING AN ELECTROCOAGULATION REACTOR POWERED BY PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Edson Alves De Jesus ◽  
Janaina Moreira Meneses ◽  
Marcos Alexandre Cavalcante De Araújo ◽  
Martin Lindsey Christoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

The textil industry uses a variety of dyes in the stage of coloring. The liquid effluent resulting at the end of the process has high turbidity and a large chemical oxygen demand. If these byproducts are dumped into natural water bodies, even in small quantities, they may produce damage to the aquatic environment and to human health. Electrocoagulation is becoming an efficient technique for the removal of pollutants from industrial effluents, it is easy to operate, and produces little sludge at the end of the treatment. In the present study, the use of an electrocoagulation reactor with aluminum electrodes proved efficient for turbidity removal from synthetic industrial effluents. The use of a solar plate of photovoltaic electricity for the functioning of the reactor was evaluated. Ideal time of treatment was 20 minutes. The use of a conventional energy source removed 63% of the turbidity. Using the voltaic solar energy source, a removal of 72% of turbidity was attained. We conclude that it is possible to use the alternative solar energy source in order to minimize costs resulting from electrical energy consumption, and, at the same time, to obtain the best results in the removal of pollutants.

Tolerance to hydraulic and organic load fluctuations in constructed wetlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Masi ◽  
N. Martinuzzi ◽  
R. Bresciani ◽  
L. Giovannelli ◽  
G. Conte
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Remote Areas

This paper describes a two-year performance evaluation of four different constructed wetland (CW) treatment systems designed by IRIDRA Srl, located in central Italy. All four CW systems were established to treat wastewater effluent from different tourist activities: (1) one single-stage CW for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater (30 p.e.) at a holiday farm site; (2) a hybrid compact system consisting of two stages, a horizontal flow (HF) system followed by a vertical flow (VF) system for the secondary treatment of effluent from a 140 p.e. tourist resort; (3) a single-stage vertical flow (VF) CW for a 100 p.e. mountain shelter; and (4) a pair of single-stage, HF CWs for the secondary treatment of segregated grey and black water produced by an 80 p.e. camping site. These tourism facilities are located in remote areas and share some common characteristics concerning their water management: they have high variability of water consumption and wastewater flow, depending on the season, weather and weekly regularities; they have no connection to a public sewer and most sites are located in a sensitive environment. Total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonium (N-NH+4), nitrate (N-NOx), total nitrogen (Ntot), total phosphorus (Ptot), total coliform (TC), faecal coliform (FC), E. coli removal efficiencies for all four CW systems are presented. The results from this study demonstrate the potential of CWs as a suitable technology for treating wastewater from tourism facilities in remote areas. A very efficient COD reduction (83–95%) and pathogen elimination (3–5 logs) have been achieved. Furthermore, the CWs are easily maintained, robust (not sensitive to peak flows), constructed with local materials, and operate with relatively low cost.

scholarly journals Domestic wastewater treatment with household-scale constructed wetland system using water fern plant (Azolla pinnata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
A Magfhira ◽  
P Kinasih ◽  
D Salsabila ◽  
E Marchella ◽  
M F Fachrul
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Azolla Pinnata ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Abstract The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to analyze more deeply the management of the quality of the aquatic environment, especially regarding the treatment of domestic wastewater on a household scale. Domestic wastewater treatment with a constructed land system using Air Fern (Azolla pinnata) is expected to reduce concentration parameters such as BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and Ammonia. The growth rate of Air Fern (Azolla pinnata) after acclimatization is quite good so that it can reduce BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and Ammonia, which are a source of nutrients for plant growth so that it can be used as a promising material for plant growth. It can be used as a promising material for plant growth domestic wastewater treatment. The analysis was carried out using the blended concept, a combination of virtual, online, and laboratory/field activities (offline/outside the network) while still paying attention to health protocols. The priority of this literature study research is to provide input for the government in the form of alternative solutions for managing the quality of the aquatic environment, especially regarding domestic wastewater treatment on a household scale. In addition, this research also supports the international Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program: Goal 6: Access to Clean Water and Sanitation” in point 3, namely “Improving water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating waste disposal, and minimizing the disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally”. This research can contribute to appropriate technology in environmental biotechnology, namely wastewater treatment with a system that has simple technology, low cost, energy-saving and is environmentally friendly, which can create a level of hygiene and comfort for the community and maintain environmental sustainability future.

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