Esbiothrin’in Lepistes Balıkları (Poecilia reticulata) Üzerine Akut Toksik Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Two Stages

Objectives: Esbiothrin, a synthetic piretroid pesticide contaminating aquatic ecosystems as a result of agriculturalfacilities and human health issues can be reached. through rain and drain water, was investigated in the presentstudy. Material and Methods: Guppy (Poecilia reticulata), standart species for bioassays according to OECD, was selected as a test animal for determination of the acute toxicity of esbiothrin. Experiments were conducted in two stages as range finding test and main test. In each experiment, six different esbiothrin concentrations and two control groups have been used. The experiment has been carried out with static bioassay method on three series during 96 h. Datas were evaluated using the U.S.E.P.A. LC50 computer program based on Finney’s Probit Analysis Method. During the main tests, the behavioral changes of guppy in each concentration were observed. In addition, macroscopic signs were also evaluated after exposure to esbiothrin. Results: According to bioassay results 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 (95% confidence limits) values for guppy exposed to esbiothrin [(RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (1R, 3R)-2,2 dimethyl -3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate] were 173.57 (137.10-229.86) μg/L, 129.83 (98.33-162.27) μg/L, 106.71 (79.59-132.76) μg/L, 91.55 (67.19-115.78) μg/L, respectively. It has been observed that, contrary to control group, guppy exposed to different concentrations of esbiothrin were swimmed upside down, crowded at the water surface of the aquarium, some of them moved rapidly or slowly before death, and showed abnormal swimming. After death, some fish had swollen abdomen and hemorrhage at the base of the fins. Conclusion: Before pesticide manufacturing is allowed, its effects on the ecosystem and on non-target organisms need to be studied in detail. Keywords: Bioassay, esbiothrin, synthetic pyrethroid, guppy, Poecilia reticulata, acute toxicity

scholarly journals Comparison of the sensitivity of Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata to silver nitrate in short-term tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová ◽  
Iveta Bedáňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zebra Fish ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference

Comparison of the sensitivity ofDanio rerioandPoecilia reticulatato silver nitrate in short-term testsThe aim of this study is to assess the acute toxicity of silver nitrate in adult zebra fish and adult guppies and to compare the sensitivity of these species to this compound. Silver is a naturally occurring element in our environment and it combines with other elements such as sulfide, chloride, and nitrate. Silver, in the form of silver nitrate, is one of the most toxic metals affecting freshwater fish. Industry, particularly photographical and electrotechnical, is the major contributor of silver that is released into the environment. Tests of acute toxicity were performed on the most common species of aquarium fish,Danio rerioandPoecilia reticulata.Both zebra fish and guppies were exposed to progressive concentrations of silver nitrate; a semi-static method according to OECD 203 was used. In each test series, 6 tests of acute toxicity were conducted, with 10 fish used for each separate concentration and for the control group. The results (number of fish deaths in the individual test concentrations) were subjected to probit analysis (EKO-TOX 5.1 software) to determine the 96hLC50AgNO3values. The 96hLC50AgNO3value for the zebra fish was (mean ± SEM) 15 ± 0.52 μg/l and for the guppies was (mean ± SEM) 17.14 ± 5.43 μg/l. We didn't find any statistically significant difference between the sensitivity of zebra fish and guppies. The results reported in this study are in agreement with LC50values published in peer-reviewed literature, and conclude that AgNO3is one of the most toxic compounds known to fishery.

scholarly journals The acute toxicity of clove oil to fish Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Lucie Plhalová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Oil Composition

Clove oil (active substance eugenol) is an anaesthetic used in aquaculture for stress prevention and prevention of mechanical damage during veterinary procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of clove oil in two aquarium fish species - zebrafish (Danio rerio) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata), which are considered the most commonly used model organisms in toxicity testing. The semi-static method according to OECD no. 203 (Fish, Acute toxicity test) was used for testing the toxicity of clove oil for juvenile fish. A series of 5 acute toxicity tests was performed, with 10 fish of both species used for each concentration and for the control. The results obtained (number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 program in order to determine 96hLC50 clove oil values. The significance of the difference between 96hLC50 values in D. rerio and P. reticulata was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The 96hLC50 mean value for clove oil was 18.2 ± 5.52 mg·l–1 in juvenile D. rerio and 21.7 ± 0.8 mg·l–1 in P. reticulata. In spite of variability in clove oil composition, acute toxicity values of clove oil for juvenile stages of both fish species were comparable. The results did not show different sensitivities to clove oil in tested fish species. This is the first similar study in these fish species.

Acute Toxicity of Substituted Hydroquinones Evaluated by a Modified Probit Analysis Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Kalinichenko ◽  
K. O. Nagibina ◽  
N. F. Psareva ◽  
L. V. Kanibolotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method

scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas Akut Air Limbah Industri Sasirangan Terhadap Ikan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Akhmad Yafi Kusuma ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Hardiono Hardiono
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Ammonia Content

Abstract: Toxicity Test Of Acute Industrial Waste Water On Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis Niloticus). The sasirangan industrial liquid wastes containing high ammonia and high pH when discharged into the receiving water body without treatment will result in changes in water quality and even the death of aquatic biota so that an acute toxicity test is necessary. This study aims to determine the value of LC50 from waste sasirangan against tilapiaI. This research used the experimental method of Post Control Only Control Group Design design. Samples taken as much as 100 liters of waste in one industry sasirangan existing in the city of Banjarmasin. Concentrations of the sasirangan waste solution to be used in the acute toxicity test are: 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%. Parameters studied include ammonia, DO, pH, and temperature. To determine the value of LC50 using probit analysis. The results showed that LC50 for exposure time 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 14.73%, 10.21%, 8.26%, and 7.35%, respectively. The results of the analysis show that pH and ammonia content of industrial effluent sasirangan affect the death of tilapia fish. This research is hoped that the sasirangan industry does not dispose of its waste directly to the water body but needs to process it first. For further research it can complement the untested parameters such as BOD, COD, and TSS that affect fish survival.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study of Bioactive Galactomannans From Two Non-Traditional Leguminosae Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrícia da Cunha Jácome Marques ◽  
Francisco Glerison da Silva Nascimento ◽  
Dayanne Terra Tenório Nonato ◽  
Amaurílio Oliveira Nogueira ◽  
Iásly Costa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Abstract Galactomannans from Caesalpinia pulcherrima (GM-CP) and Delonix regia (GM-DR) are being pointed as potential therapeutic agents, but systematic evaluations on their acute toxicity are yet to be reported. In order to evaluate the occurrence of systemic toxicity, groups of three female rats received oral GM-CP or GM-DR (300 mg kg-1), whereas the control group received vehicle. Since lethality was absent, other groups received doses of 2,000 mg kg-1, which also did not cause lethality. Collection of organs and blood samples were done at day 14. Dermal toxicity of the galactomannans was also evaluated (2,000 mg kg-1, n=3 per group), as well both mechanical hypernociception and inflammatory cell influx after administration of GM-CP or GM-DR via intra-articular route (200 µg, n = 5 per group). At the routes and doses employed, both galactomannans did not evoke physiological / behavioral changes or skin / joint inflammation. Since the LD50 was not inferior to 2,000 mg kg-1, both galactomannans are in the class 5 of the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.

scholarly journals Uji LC50 Limbah Tahu Terhadap Ikan Nila (Orechromis Niloticus) Umur 2 Bulan di Banjarbaru

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Hardiono Hardiono ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract: LC 50Test of Tofu Waste Water to Tilafia (Orechromis niloticus) aged 2 months in Banjarbaru. Tofu industrial wastewater with a low pH, 0 mg/l DO and a temperature of 32°C when discharged without treatment into receiving water bodies will lead to the death of aquatic biota so acute toxicity tests need to be done. This study aims to determine the LC50 of the waste out in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study used an experimental method, posttest design with a control group. Samples were taken randomly in waste outlet in Banjarbaru, then toxicity tests performed with various of toxicant concentrations and exposure time at tilapia of 2 months age.  Based on the initial results of toxicity tests, the lowest concentration that causes 100% dead of tilapia is 20%, so that the concentration of industrial wastewater know that will be used in the acute toxicity tests are: 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%. Parameters wich were controlled are pH, temperature and DO. Probit  analysis using SPPS was used to determined LC50. The results showed that LC50 for exposure time: 24, 48 and 72 hours are 3.80 up to 11.35%, 3.67 s.d 14.30% and 3.38 up to 12.10% particularly. Correlation analysis showed the characteristics of pH and DO in the tofu industrial wastewater affects the LC50. Decrease of DO and pH, LC50 would decrease. The study is expected as input to information and pollution control and waste out policy decisions in order to make local regulations maintained environmental sustainability. For further research can complement parameters Ammonia levels and turbidity in the water that affect the survival of fish, in addition to the pH, DO and temperature of the water.Keywords   : LC50 test; tofu waste water; Tilafia (Orechromis niloticus) of 2 months aged.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study and Antidiabetic Activity of Marine Alga-Halimeda Gracilis Chooranam (HGC) In Freshwater Zebrafish Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1647-1653
Author(s):  
Sabari Anadh J V ◽  
Swapna R Nayaka ◽  
Usha N S ◽  
Subha V ◽  
Manimekalai K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Marine Alga ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the acute toxicity and anti-diabetic activity of Halimedagracilis (green marine alga). Methods: The Halimedagraciliswere collected from the coastal area of the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve and shade dried. Methanolic extract of Halimedagracilis (MEHG) was prepared and it was screened for acute toxicity and anti-diabetic activity in the Zebrafish model. In the Acute toxicity study, the Zebrafishes were grouped into 6 groups and dosed with 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100mg/L of MEHG and observed at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours’ intervals. Foranti-diabetic activity analysis diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (STZ). The Zebrafish were divided into six groups- control group, positive control, diabetic Zebrafish with three doses of MEHG, and standard control (treated with metformin). Results: Acute toxicity studyshowed no significant behavioral changes and LC50 was determined as 100mg/L. In the diabetic study, test groups when compared to the control group showed: a significant reduction in both fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels and significant changes in the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells, and reduced vacuolization in the islets of Langerhans. Images of the regenerating caudal fins taken at 24, 48 and 72-hours post-amputation displayed significant limb regeneration in MEHG treated fish compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results prove that MEHG in STZ- induced diabetic Zebrafish possess potent anti-diabetic action by ameliorating blood glucose regulation, promoting pancreatic cell regeneration,minimizing long-term diabetic complications bypreventing the emergence of metabolic memory but no behavioral changes.

scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Spons Laut (Callyspongia aerizusa) terhadap Larva Artemia salina Leach dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Refrando M. Sondakh ◽  
Jimmy Posangi ◽  
Pemsi M. Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Sponge Extract

Abstract: Indonesia has a great potential of marine biological resources. One of the coral reef ecosystems is marine sponge Callyspongia aerizusa that contains compounds of steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, and terpenoid. In order to develop those substances as components of drugs, it is necessary to perform initial screening of its acute toxicity potential. This study was aimed to obtain the acute toxicity potential of marine sponge extract using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). This was an experimental study using the posttest only control group design. Samples were 180 larvae of Artemia salina Leach divided into 6 groups of 10 larvae. Each group was tested with three replications. The marine sponge extract final concentrations in the media which contained larvae consecutively in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 1000 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, and 0 μg/ml as the negative control. The observation was focused to larvae that died 24 hours after the administration of the extract. LC 50 value of the marine sponge extract was analyzed by using probit analysis with SPSS 16.0. The results indicated that the extract final concentrations that killed the larvae were 1000 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, and 250 μg/ml. The result of probit analysis indicated that LC 50 value of marine sponge extract was 992.468 μg/mL. Conclusion: The marine sponge extract had acute toxicity potential against Artemia salina Leach larvae according to BSLT with a LC 50 value <1000 μg/Ml.Keywords: Acute toxicity test, BSLT, LC 50, Callyspongia aerizusa marine sponge Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber daya alam hayati laut yang besar. Salah satu ekosistem terumbu karang ialah spons laut Callyspongia sp. yang mengandung senyawa steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid. Diperlukan skrining awal mengenai potensi toksisitas akut untuk pengembangan bahan baku obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi toksisitas akut ekstrak spons Callyspongia sp. menggunakan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan posttest-only control group design. Hewan uji ialah 180 ekor larva Artemia salina Leach yang dibagi dalam 6 kelompok, masing-masing terdiri dari 10 ekor. Tiap kelompok dilakukan pengulangan percobaan 3 kali. Ekstrak spons laut diberikan dalam media yang berisi larva. Konsentrasi akhir ekstrak dalam media yang berisi larva berturut-turut dalam kelompok 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 ialah 1000 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml dan 0 μg/ml sebagai kontrol negatif. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap larva yang mati 24 jam setelah pemberian bahan uji. LC 50 ekstrak spons laut ditentukan dengan analisis probit menggunakan SPSS 16.0 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beban konsentrasi ekstrak dalam media dapat membunuh larva secara berturut-turut dengan konsentrasi 1000 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, dan 250 μg/ml. Hasil analisis probit menunjukkan nilai LC 50 dari ekstrak spons laut ialah 992,468 μg/mL. Simpulan: Ekstrak spons laut menunjukkan adanya potensi toksisitas akut terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach menggunakan BSLT dengan nilai LC50 <1000 μg/mL.Kata kunci: toksisitas, BSLT, spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa

scholarly journals Determination of acute toxicity of ammonium in juvenile Patagonian blenny (Eleginops maclovinus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-650
Author(s):  
A. Mardones ◽  
M. González ◽  
C. Rivas-Mancilla ◽  
R. Vega ◽  
A. Augsburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ammonium Toxicity ◽  
Eleginops Maclovinus ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract Deionized ammonium (NH3) acute toxicity (LC50-96h) in Patagonian blenny juveniles (Eleginops maclovinus) was assessed. Concentrations of deionized ammonium in salt water were prepared by using 24.09 ± 2.1 g ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Fish were exposed in triplicates to different ammonium concentrations: 0.05; 0.094; 0.175; 0.325 and 0.605 mg NH3 L-1. Additionally, a control group was included. Experimental fish were kept at a photoperiod of 16:8h. Average temperatures were 16.24 ± 1.40 °C. Oxygen concentration was 7.16 ± 0.40 mg L -1. Water pH was 7.89 ± 0.2. LC50-96 h, was estimated by using Probit statistical method (95% intervals) using EPA software (1993). Juveniles of E. maclovinus showed a LC50-96h of 0.413mg NH3 L-1 value, different from most marine species. This study presents the first record of ammonium toxicity in marine species of Chile.

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF INDONESIAN VELVET BEANS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Ratnaningsih Eko Sardjono ◽  
Iqbal Musthapa ◽  
Sholihin . ◽  
Atun Qowiyah ◽  
Rahmi Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain

Objective: This research was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of ethanol extract of velvet beans (Mucuna pruriens) from Indonesia. Extract of Indonesian Mucuna pruriens seeds showed antiparkinson activity due to the presence of L-DOPA inadequate levels. However, research on the toxicity level of Mucuna pruriens seeds from Indonesia is still limited. Acute toxicity data are needed to make Mucuna pruriens as standardized herbal medicine for Parkinson disease.Methods: The dried seed of Mucuna pruriens was extracted by ethanol and suspended with tragacanth to make several dosas of ethanol extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds. Determination of acute toxicity was performed on six groups, each consisting of five Wistar rats. One group was used as a control group; other groups were given ethanol extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg, and 5000 mg/kg body weight. Symptoms of toxicity, including death, were observed daily for 14 d. At the end of the observation, the surviving Wistar rats were autopsied and the brain, heart, liver, lungs, stomach, spleen, kidneys, and ovaries were weighed to give relative organ weight.Results: There was no mortality observed in all groups. The Wistar rats gained weight within the normal range. The relative organ weights in all groups generally did not show a significant difference. However, the significant differences (P<0.05) were seen in the liver for all treatment groups compared to the control group.Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds from Indonesia administered orally has LD50>5000 mg/kg, thus it could be regarded as safe or non-toxic. However, this extract may be potentially toxic to the liver

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