scholarly journals Comparison of the sensitivity of Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata to silver nitrate in short-term tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová ◽  
Iveta Bedáňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zebra Fish ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference

Comparison of the sensitivity ofDanio rerioandPoecilia reticulatato silver nitrate in short-term testsThe aim of this study is to assess the acute toxicity of silver nitrate in adult zebra fish and adult guppies and to compare the sensitivity of these species to this compound. Silver is a naturally occurring element in our environment and it combines with other elements such as sulfide, chloride, and nitrate. Silver, in the form of silver nitrate, is one of the most toxic metals affecting freshwater fish. Industry, particularly photographical and electrotechnical, is the major contributor of silver that is released into the environment. Tests of acute toxicity were performed on the most common species of aquarium fish,Danio rerioandPoecilia reticulata.Both zebra fish and guppies were exposed to progressive concentrations of silver nitrate; a semi-static method according to OECD 203 was used. In each test series, 6 tests of acute toxicity were conducted, with 10 fish used for each separate concentration and for the control group. The results (number of fish deaths in the individual test concentrations) were subjected to probit analysis (EKO-TOX 5.1 software) to determine the 96hLC50AgNO3values. The 96hLC50AgNO3value for the zebra fish was (mean ± SEM) 15 ± 0.52 μg/l and for the guppies was (mean ± SEM) 17.14 ± 5.43 μg/l. We didn't find any statistically significant difference between the sensitivity of zebra fish and guppies. The results reported in this study are in agreement with LC50values published in peer-reviewed literature, and conclude that AgNO3is one of the most toxic compounds known to fishery.

scholarly journals The acute toxicity of clove oil to fish Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Lucie Plhalová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Oil Composition

Clove oil (active substance eugenol) is an anaesthetic used in aquaculture for stress prevention and prevention of mechanical damage during veterinary procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of clove oil in two aquarium fish species - zebrafish (Danio rerio) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata), which are considered the most commonly used model organisms in toxicity testing. The semi-static method according to OECD no. 203 (Fish, Acute toxicity test) was used for testing the toxicity of clove oil for juvenile fish. A series of 5 acute toxicity tests was performed, with 10 fish of both species used for each concentration and for the control. The results obtained (number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 program in order to determine 96hLC50 clove oil values. The significance of the difference between 96hLC50 values in D. rerio and P. reticulata was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The 96hLC50 mean value for clove oil was 18.2 ± 5.52 mg·l–1 in juvenile D. rerio and 21.7 ± 0.8 mg·l–1 in P. reticulata. In spite of variability in clove oil composition, acute toxicity values of clove oil for juvenile stages of both fish species were comparable. The results did not show different sensitivities to clove oil in tested fish species. This is the first similar study in these fish species.

scholarly journals Nitrite toxicity assessment in Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová ◽  
Iveta Bedáňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Species Specific

Nitrite is a natural component of the nitrogen cycle in the environment. Although it usually occurs in low concentrations, elevated concentrations caused by effluents or affected nitrification process can lead to serious health deterioration of fish. Two aquarium fish zebrafish (Danio rerio) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata) are recommended to use as model organisms in toxicity tests. However, their sensitivity to nitrite can differ. The aim of this study was to define acute toxicity of nitrite by the semistatic method according to OECD No. 203 (Fish, Acute toxicity test). The series of 4 acute toxicity tests was performed, with 10 fish of both species used for each concentration and for the control. The 96hLC50 NO2- value for D. rerio and P. reticulata was 242.55 ± 15.79 mg·l-1 and 30.2 ± 8.74 mg·l-1, respectively. We have proved significant difference (p < 0.05) in sensitivity between D. rerio and P. reticulata. The results showed different sensitivities to nitrites in tested fish species, which could be related to species-specific branchial chloride uptake mechanism. This is the first study on this fish species.

Esbiothrin’in Lepistes Balıkları (Poecilia reticulata) Üzerine Akut Toksik Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Two Stages

Objectives: Esbiothrin, a synthetic piretroid pesticide contaminating aquatic ecosystems as a result of agriculturalfacilities and human health issues can be reached. through rain and drain water, was investigated in the presentstudy. Material and Methods: Guppy (Poecilia reticulata), standart species for bioassays according to OECD, was selected as a test animal for determination of the acute toxicity of esbiothrin. Experiments were conducted in two stages as range finding test and main test. In each experiment, six different esbiothrin concentrations and two control groups have been used. The experiment has been carried out with static bioassay method on three series during 96 h. Datas were evaluated using the U.S.E.P.A. LC50 computer program based on Finney’s Probit Analysis Method. During the main tests, the behavioral changes of guppy in each concentration were observed. In addition, macroscopic signs were also evaluated after exposure to esbiothrin. Results: According to bioassay results 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 (95% confidence limits) values for guppy exposed to esbiothrin [(RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (1R, 3R)-2,2 dimethyl -3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate] were 173.57 (137.10-229.86) μg/L, 129.83 (98.33-162.27) μg/L, 106.71 (79.59-132.76) μg/L, 91.55 (67.19-115.78) μg/L, respectively. It has been observed that, contrary to control group, guppy exposed to different concentrations of esbiothrin were swimmed upside down, crowded at the water surface of the aquarium, some of them moved rapidly or slowly before death, and showed abnormal swimming. After death, some fish had swollen abdomen and hemorrhage at the base of the fins. Conclusion: Before pesticide manufacturing is allowed, its effects on the ecosystem and on non-target organisms need to be studied in detail. Keywords: Bioassay, esbiothrin, synthetic pyrethroid, guppy, Poecilia reticulata, acute toxicity

scholarly journals Comparison of Terbutryn Acute Toxicity to Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Plhalová ◽  
Stanislava Mácová ◽  
Petra Doleželová ◽  
Petr Maršálek ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

The aim of the present study was to determine and compare acute toxicity of terbutryn in Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata, and in two different developmental stages of D. rerio – embryonic and juvenile. Acute toxicity tests were performed according to OECD methodology. The LC50 values were assessed by probit analysis using EKO-TOX 5.2 programme. The 96hLC50 terbutryn mean value of 5 tests was 2.85 ± 0.75 mg·l-1 for the juvenile stage of P. reticulata and 5.71 ± 0.46 mg·l-1 for the juvenile stage of D. rerio. For the embryonic stage of D. rerio the 144hLC50 terbutryn mean value of 6 tests was estimated as 8.04 ± 1.05 mg·l-1. The study proved significantly higher (p < 0.01) sensitivity of the juvenile stage of D. rerio to terbutryn compared to the embryonic stage of D. rerio and significantly higher (p < 0.01) sensitivity of the juvenile stage of P. reticulata to terbutryn compared to the juvenile stage of D. rerio. herbicides. This study documented differences in sensitivity of several fish species and different developmental stages of fish to one of triazine.

Comparative study of episiotomy repair: absorbable synthetic versus chromic catgut suture material

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2186
Author(s):  
Devika Perumal ◽  
Divya Selvaraju
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Suture Material ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
Chromic Catgut ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absorbable Suture ◽  
Perineal Laceration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The choice of suture material for repair of episiotomy or perineal laceration is largely of one’s personal preference. Chromic catgut was widely used in most institutions. It now appears that chromic catgut is associated with more postpartum discomfort and hence chromic catgut has been largely replaced by synthetic absorbable materials like polyglactin and polyglycolic acid.Methods: The study was conducted in Institute of Social Obstetrics and Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital, Chennai. This is a prospective, comparative study involving two groups. The use of a rapidly absorbing form of synthetic absorbable suture material, in the repair of episiotomy or perineal laceration in 100 patients during the study period February 2012 to July 2012, were simultaneously compared with the traditional natural absorbable suture material.Results: With the use of rapidly absorbing polyglactin 910, there was a significant reduction (p=0.000) in the short-term pain, 19 compared to 80 in the control group. With regard to wound dehiscence and the need for resuturing, there was statistically significant difference in the control group (15%) compared to the study group (0%). There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of dyspareunia (12.4% vs 10.7%).Conclusions: Fast-absorbing form of Polyglactin seems to be effective in reducing some of the morbidity associated with perineal repair following childbirth. There was significant reduction in the short-term pain and the need for analgesia. The incidence of wound dehiscence was markedly reduced.

scholarly journals The mortality effect of castor bean (Ricinus communis) extract on Aedes aegypti larvae

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
TRI NUGROHO WIBOWO ◽  
DARUKUTNI DARUKUTNI ◽  
SUTARTINAH SRI HANDAYANI
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Mortality Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

Wibowo TN, Darukutni, Handayani SS. 2010. The mortality effect of castor bean (Ricinus communis) extract on Aedes aegypti larvae. Biofarmasi 8: 77-81. The aim of this research was to determine the mortality effect of Ricinus communis L. extract on Aedes aegypti L. larvae. This research was an laboratory experimental, with a post-test only controlled group design, and used 750 larvae Instar III of A. aegypti L. that divided into 6 groups (control group, and five treatment groups consisted of 0.10% extract, 0.25% extract, 0.50% extract, 0.75% extract and 1% extract). The sampling technical was a purposive sampling method. The larvae were put into 25 ml experimental liquid for 24 hours. The observation was counting a number of dead larvae in 24 hours. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA test continued with Least Significant Difference (LSD) using SPSS for Windows Release statistically with a significance level p<0.05 then continued with a probit analysis. There were 0 larva death at negative control, 23.8 (95%) larvae death at 0.10% extract concentration, 24.6 (98%) larvae death at 0.25% extract concentration, 25.0 (100%) larvae death at 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% extract concentration. There was a significant difference in larvae death of A. aegypti in all groups. The LC50 of R. communis extract was 0.01036% (103.6 ppm), therefore it could be concluded that R. communis extract had a mortality effect to A. aegypti larvae.

scholarly journals Effect of Carnatic Music Listening Training on Speech in Noise Performance in Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Raksha Amemane ◽  
Archana Gundmi ◽  
Kishan Madikeri Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Noise Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Carnatic Music ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background and Objectives: Music listening has a concomitant effect on structural and functional organization of the brain. It helps in relaxation, mind training and neural strengthening. In relation to it, the present study was aimed to find the effect of Carnatic music listening training (MLT) on speech in noise performance in adults.Subjects and Methods: A total of 28 participants (40-70 years) were recruited in the study. Based on randomized control trial, they were divided into intervention and control group. Intervention group underwent a short-term MLT. Quick Speech-in-Noise in Kannada was used as an outcome measure.Results: Results were analysed using mixed method analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures ANOVA. There was a significant difference between intervention and control group post MLT. The results of the second continuum revealed no statistically significant difference between post training and follow-up scores in both the groups.Conclusions: In conclusion short-term MLT resulted in betterment of speech in noise performance. MLT can be hence used as a viable tool in formal auditory training for better prognosis.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Surgery Combined with Autologous Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transplantation for Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxin Zhu ◽  
Yilei Xiao ◽  
Zhongmin Li ◽  
Fabin Han ◽  
Taiwu Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Neurologic Impairment ◽  
Significant Difference

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) may differentiate into nerve cells under a certain condition; however, the clinical application for treating nervous system disease remains unclear. The aim is to assess the safety profile, feasibility, and effectiveness of surgery combined with autologous BMSCs transplantation for treating ICH. 206 ICH patients who had received surgical procedure were divided into transplantation (n=110) or control group (n=96). For transplantation group, BMSCs were injected into the perihemorrhage area in the base ganglia through an intracranial drainage tube 5.5 (3.01–6.89) days after surgery, followed by a second injection into the subarachnoid space through lumbar puncture 4 weeks later. Neurologic impairment and daily activities were assessed with National Institute Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel index, and Rankin scale before transplantation and 6 months and 12 months after transplantation. Our results revealed that, compared with control group, NIHSS score and Rankin scale were both significantly decreased but Barthel index was increased in transplantation group after 6 months. Interestingly, no significant difference was observed between 12 months and 6 months. No transplantation-related adverse effects were investigated during follow-up assessments. Our findings suggest that surgery combined with autologous BMSCs transplantation is safe for treatment of ICH, providing short-term therapeutic benefits.

The Biocompatibility and Security of Magnetic Nanoparticles Fe3O4-DNR Used In Hematologic Malignancies Therapy

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 3970-3970
Author(s):  
Bao-An Chen ◽  
Wei-wei Wu ◽  
Jian Cheng ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles Fe3o4 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Fe3o4 Mnps ◽  
Acute Toxicity Testing

Abstract Abstract 3970 The objective of this paper is to study the biocompatibility and security of self-prepared magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-MNPs) loaded with daunorubicin (DNR), which has the potential application in hematologic malignancies therapy. Hemolysis test was carried out to estimate it s blood toxicity; Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR were intra peritoneally injected into mouse to calculate the LD50; micronucleus (MN) assay was reckoned to identify its genotoxicity; acute toxicity testing was evaluated its influence to mouse hepatic and renal functions. The result of hemolysis rate (HR) of Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR was 2.908%, far less than 5%. Therefore, we concluded that self-prepated Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles had no hemolytic reaction, and they consistent with the requirement of hemolytic test of biomaterials. The LD50 of Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles to the mice was 1009.71mg/kg (relative content of DNR was 10mg/kg) and the 95% confidence interval was 769.11∼1262.40mg/kg, it had no significant difference compared with LD50 of using DNR only, which data was 8.51mg/kg and the 95% confidence interval was 6.48∼10.37mg/kg, and it had wide safety value circumscription. In micronucleus assay, compared Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles experimental groups with negative control group, we found that the result had no significant difference (P > 0. 05) in micronucleus formation rate, while compared experimental groups with positive control group, the result had significant difference (P < 0. 05). The result indicated that Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles had no cacogenesis and mutagenesis. Acute toxicity testing showed that mice body weigh of control group, Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles experimental group and isodose DNR group had no significant difference in 24h, 48h, and 72h after intra peritoneally injection; they had normal activity, eating and evacuation; toxic reactions such as instability of gait, convulsion, paralysis and respiratory depression were not been found; the alanine transarninase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine clearance rate (CCr) of Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles experimental group was 66.0±28.55u/L, 9.06±1.05mmol/L, and 18.03±1.84umol/L, respectively, which had no significant difference compared with control group and isodose DNR group. From the results of our experiment, we could consider that self-prepared Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles is a kind of high biocompatibility and security materials and perhaps is suitable for further application in hematologic malignancies therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Media on Short Term Storage of Leaping Mullet (Liza saliens (Risso, 1810)) Sperm

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1000
Author(s):  
Serhat Engin ◽  
Muammer Kürşat Fırat ◽  
Osman Özden ◽  
Cüneyt Suzer ◽  
Müge Hekimoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Liza Saliens ◽  
Seawater Salinity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Quality Variation ◽  
Motility Rate

The present study aimed to evaluate the activation characteristics of the leaping mullet spermatozoa and diluted with four different media (D1, D2, D3, D4) for 250 h at 4±2°C. The semen was collected from nine wild fish in Homa Lagoon, İzmir, Turkey in July, during reproductive season. In each trial (n = 9), semen samples were collected and mixed to reduce sperm quality variation to obtain the required gametes for the experiment. The semen was activated with natural seawater (salinity of 34, pH 7.9 and 4±2°C) to determine: motility time, motility rate and viability of sperm. Dilution with inactivation media 1:3 increased motility time of diluted semen than control group. At the end of the experiment, no significant difference was found for the duration of survival in the D2 and D4 groups. The highest survival rate was found in D2 group.

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