scholarly journals Multi-attribute interactive visualization of three-dimensional trajectory sets

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing He ◽  
◽  
Haonan Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Dynamic Visualization ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Attribute Information

Rapidly advancing location-awareness technologies and services have collected and stored massive amounts of moving object trajectory data with attribute information that involves various degrees of spatial scales, timescales, and levels of complexity. Unfortunately, interesting behaviors regarding combinations of attributes are scarcely extracted from datasets. Further, trajectories are typically dependent on the environment of three-dimensional space, and another issue of interest to us is to preserve spatial-location visualization while guaranteeing the description of temporal information. Therefore, we developed a novel analytics tool that combines visual and interactive components to enable a dynamic visualization of three-dimensional trajectory multi-attribute behaviors. Under the context of spatiotemporal analysis, this approach integrates multiple attributes into one view to efficiently explore the attribute visualization problem of multi-attribute combination without over-plotting. To assess the feasibility of our solution, we visualized and analyzed multi-attribute information of moving object trajectories using a real mining truck dataset as a case study.

scholarly journals EPCO-31. EPIGENOMIC INTRATUMORAL HETEROGENEITY OF GLIOBLASTOMA IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii76-ii76
Author(s):  
Radhika Mathur ◽  
Sriranga Iyyanki ◽  
Stephanie Hilz ◽  
Chibo Hong ◽  
Joanna Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Intratumoral Heterogeneity ◽  
Tumor Evolution ◽  
Open Chromatin

Abstract Treatment failure in glioblastoma is often attributed to intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH), which fosters tumor evolution and generation of therapy-resistant clones. While ITH in glioblastoma has been well-characterized at the genomic and transcriptomic levels, the extent of ITH at the epigenomic level and its biological and clinical significance are not well understood. In collaboration with neurosurgeons, neuropathologists, and biomedical imaging experts, we have established a novel topographical approach towards characterizing epigenomic ITH in three-dimensional (3-D) space. We utilize pre-operative MRI scans to define tumor volume and then utilize 3-D surgical neuro-navigation to intra-operatively acquire 10+ samples representing maximal anatomical diversity. The precise spatial location of each sample is mapped by 3-D coordinates, enabling tumors to be visualized in 360-degrees and providing unprecedented insight into their spatial organization and patterning. For each sample, we conduct assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-Seq), which provides information on the genomic locations of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins, and individual nucleosomes at nucleotide resolution. We additionally conduct whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing for each spatially mapped sample. Integrative analysis of these datasets reveals distinct patterns of chromatin accessibility within glioblastoma tumors, as well as their associations with genetically defined clonal expansions. Our analysis further reveals how differences in chromatin accessibility within tumors reflect underlying transcription factor activity at gene regulatory elements, including both promoters and enhancers, and drive expression of particular gene expression sets, including neuronal and immune programs. Collectively, this work provides the most comprehensive characterization of epigenomic ITH to date, establishing its importance for driving tumor evolution and therapy resistance in glioblastoma. As a resource for further investigation, we have provided our datasets on an interactive data sharing platform – The 3D Glioma Atlas – that enables 360-degree visualization of both genomic and epigenomic ITH.

Influence of Ball and Background Patterns on Perception of Visual Direction of a Moving Object

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella V. Ridenour
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Visual Direction ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Prediction Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

30 boys and 30 girls, 6 yr. old, participated in a study assessing the influence of the visual patterns of moving objects and their respective backgrounds on the prediction of objects' directionality. An apparatus was designed to permit modified spherical objects with interchangeable covers and backgrounds to move in three-dimensional space in three directions at selected speeds. The subject's task was to predict one of three possible directions of an object: the object either moved toward the subject's midline or toward a point 18 in. to the left or right of the midline. The movements of all objects started at the same place which was 19.5 ft. in front of the subject. Prediction time was recorded on 15 trials. Analysis of variance indicated that visual patterns of the moving object did not influence the prediction of the object's directionality. Visual patterns of the background behind the moving object did not influence the prediction of the object's directionality except during the conditions of a light nonpatterned moving object. It was concluded that visual patterns of the background and that of the moving object have a very limited influence on the prediction of direction.

Realization of the 3D Simulation Model of the Hui-Quan Substation

2012 ◽  
Vol 529 ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Qiu Long Liu ◽  
Wu Sheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Dynamic Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Object A

3D (three-dimensional) laser scanning can be used to collect spatial location of points rapidly and abundantly, and obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the target surface, which provides new technical means for the rapid creation of three-dimensional image model of the object. A three-dimensional modeling study on spatial object was carried out using the spatial data captured via ground-based 3D laser scanner in the Hui-Quan substation. The experiment result shows that rapid 3D visualization modeling on buildings can be achieved via the methods and procedures mentioned above. It has solved that the traditional equipment and the measuring technique is insufficiency in the special domain. It will bring the application mode and technical advantage, which tradition mapping way can not have. A platform for three-dimensional model of the substation can be achieved for the resources, landscape, security, environmental management and other social resources of digital, networked and dynamic visualization.

INFOLOD AND LANDMARK: SPATIAL PRESENTATION OF ATTRIBUTE INFORMATION AND COMPUTING REPRESENTATIVE OBJECTS FOR SPATIAL DATA

2000 ◽  
Vol 09 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENGO KOISO ◽  
TAKEHISA MORI ◽  
HIROAKI KAWAGISHI ◽  
KATSUMI TANAKA ◽  
TAKAHIRO MATSUMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Spatial Objects ◽  
Attribute Data ◽  
Attribute Information ◽  
Spatial Presentation ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
Representative Object

In this paper, we will propose a way of visualizing attribute information for spatial objects in the three-dimensional space and a calculation method for extracting a representative object from objects in a given region. In conventional three-dimensional visualizations such as architectural simulations, most of the attention has been paid to image data such as colors, shapes, and textures of spatial objects. In this research, we will focus on the attribute information of spatial objects including image data. We propose InfoLOD concept which introduces the notion of level of detail(LOD) to attribute information as well as image data such as photographs and computer graphics for controlling the visualization of attribute information in a three-dimensional space. The visualization is controlled based on distance and orientation, and we will also discuss the differentiation factor which visualizes the differences among the objects. In addition to visualization control, we will propose the LandMark algorithm for extracting a representative object from the objects in a given region based on their spatial occupancy ratio and the uniqueness of the attribute data. The region for browsing may be specified manually by the user or may be automatically specified by some algorithm. Here, we discuss the spatial glue operation which dynamically retrieves regions containing objects with user-specified attribute information unlike conventional method based on static mesh which are often used in GIS(Geographic Information System). We will also introduce some of our implementations in order to illustrate our ideas.

scholarly journals The sophisticated visual system of a tiny Cambrian crustacean: analysis of a stalked fossil compound eye

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1732) ◽  
pp. 1335-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Schoenemann ◽  
Christopher Castellani ◽  
Euan N. K. Clarkson ◽  
Joachim T. Haug ◽  
Andreas Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Optical Axes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Deep Cavities

Fossilized compound eyes from the Cambrian, isolated and three-dimensionally preserved, provide remarkable insights into the lifestyle and habitat of their owners. The tiny stalked compound eyes described here probably possessed too few facets to form a proper image, but they represent a sophisticated system for detecting moving objects. The eyes are preserved as almost solid, mace-shaped blocks of phosphate, in which the original positions of the rhabdoms in one specimen are retained as deep cavities. Analysis of the optical axes reveals four visual areas, each with different properties in acuity of vision. They are surveyed by lenses directed forwards, laterally, backwards and inwards, respectively. The most intriguing of these is the putatively inwardly orientated zone, where the optical axes, like those orientated to the front, interfere with axes of the other eye of the contralateral side. The result is a three-dimensional visual net that covers not only the front, but extends also far laterally to either side. Thus, a moving object could be perceived by a two-dimensional coordinate (which is formed by two axes of those facets, one of the left and one of the right eye, which are orientated towards the moving object) in a wide three-dimensional space. This compound eye system enables small arthropods equipped with an eye of low acuity to estimate velocity, size or distance of possible food items efficiently. The eyes are interpreted as having been derived from individuals of the early crustacean Henningsmoenicaris scutula pointing to the existence of highly efficiently developed eyes in the early evolutionary lineage leading towards the modern Crustacea.

scholarly journals Local Membrane Curvature Pins and Guides Excitable Membrane Waves in Chemotactic and Macropinocytic Cells - Biomedical Insights From an Innovative Simple Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Hörning ◽  
Torsten Bullmann ◽  
Tatsuo Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Membrane Curvature ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Phase Singularities ◽  
Amoeboid Cells

PIP3 dynamics observed in membranes are responsible for the protruding edge formation in cancer and amoeboid cells. The mechanisms that maintain those PIP3 domains in three-dimensional space remain elusive, due to limitations in observation and analysis techniques. Recently, a strong relation between the cell geometry, the spatial confinement of the membrane, and the excitable signal transduction system has been revealed by Hörning and Shibata (2019) using a novel 3D spatiotemporal analysis methodology that enables the study of membrane signaling on the entire membrane (Hörning and Shibata, 2019). Here, using 3D spatial fluctuation and phase map analysis on actin polymerization inhibited Dictyostelium cells, we reveal a spatial asymmetry of PIP3 signaling on the membrane that is mediated by the contact perimeter of the plasma membrane — the spatial boundary around the cell-substrate adhered area on the plasma membrane. We show that the contact perimeter guides PIP3 waves and acts as a pinning site of PIP3 phase singularities, that is, the center point of spiral waves. The contact perimeter serves as a diffusion influencing boundary that is regulated by a cell size- and shape-dependent curvature. Our findings suggest an underlying mechanism that explains how local curvature can favor actin polymerization when PIP3 domains get pinned at the curved protrusive membrane edges in amoeboid cells.

Algorithms of Terminal Control of Multi-Copters

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kh. Pshikhopov ◽  
M. Yu. Medvedev ◽  
B. V. Gurenko
Keyword(s):  
Finite Time ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Target Point ◽  
Terminal Control ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Mobile Objects ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Thrust And Torque

The article is devoted to the development of algorithms for terminal control of mobile objects. A moving object of multicopter type described by a nonlinear model of motion of a solid body in three-dimensional space is considered. A three-stage procedure for solving the problem of terminal control of a moving object when it moves to a given point is proposed. The main difference of the proposed procedure is the correction of the desired trajectory so that it passes through the current position of the moving object at each moment of time. This method of constructing the desired trajectory allows you to automatically adjust the speed when moving to a given point. The need for correction of the desired trajectory can be caused by the presence of obstacles, differences between the model and the real object, and the influence of external disturbances. At the first stage, the desired trajectory taking into account a given finite time of motion is constructed. The motion trajectory represents the desired velocity and orientation angles of a moving object of multi-copter type. At the second stage, the method of position-trajectory control is used to synthesize feedback, which provides stabilization of the moving object relative to the calculated desired trajectory. The result of the second stage is the thrust and torque generated by the motors, which are then recalculated in the speed of rotation of the rotors. At the third stage, the desired trajectory is corrected depending on the current position of the moving object. As a result of the correction, a singularity occurs at the target point. In order to eliminate the singularity at the target point, the problem is solved in the formulation of weak terminal control. Before the target point hits the given neighborhood, the velocity of the moving object is calculated based on the remaining distance and time of movement. When a given neighborhood of the target point is reached, the speed of movement becomes constant. The analysis of the closed-loop system is carried out, as a result of which the asymptotic stability of the desired trajectory and the hit of a moving object in a finite given neighborhood of the target point at a finite time are shown. The results of numerical modeling, confirming the performance of the proposed algorithms in the example of hexacopter, are presented.

scholarly journals Method of an unmanned aerial vehicle composition route in space

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Denys Voloshyn ◽  
Veronika Brechko ◽  
Serhii Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Extended Graph ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
Vehicle Routes

The article is devoted to the development of a method of composition of the route of an unmanned aerial vehicle in three-dimensional space. The main difference of the presented method is the complex consideration of the features of the environment, which reflects the possible obstacles (active or passive) and other limitations of the problem when composing the route of the unmanned aerial vehicle in three-dimensional space. This allowed to increase the safety of the task in autonomous flight conditions. The article analyzes the main approaches to the composition of unmanned aerial vehicle routes in space. The conclusion about the shortcomings of the two-dimensional representation is made. The method presents four stages of the task. This is the stage of modeling the environment that reflects possible obstacles (active or passive) and other limitations of the task. Stage of construction of an extended graph of unmanned aerial vehicle routes in space. The difference of this stage is the adaptive consideration of the spatial location of active obstacles in space. The next stage is the route search stage, which connects the starting point with the end and bypasses all obstacles and allows you to build a starting route in the form of a broken line, which is formed by a sequence of waypoints, and connects the starting point with the end, bypassing obstacles. The last is the stage of obtaining the final result, which is provided by smoothing the obtained broken line. In this part of the composition method, to solve the problem of smoothing the trajectory of the unmanned aerial vehicle in space on the selected route, the expediency of using the method of non-uniform cubic B-spline is proved. With the help of this method the task of selection and optimization of the smoothing parameter is set and solved.

Three Dimensional structure and organization of diploid chromosomes by optical section microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 633-635
Author(s):  
David A. Agard ◽  
Yasushi Hiraoka ◽  
John W. Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Structures

In an effort to understand the complex relationship between structure and biological function within the nucleus, we have embarked on a program to examine the three-dimensional structure and organization of Drosophila melanogaster embryonic chromosomes. Our overall goal is to determine how DNA and proteins are organized into complex and highly dynamic structures (chromosomes) and how these chromosomes are arranged in three dimensional space within the cell nucleus. Futher, we hope to be able to correlate structual data with such fundamental biological properties as stage in the mitotic cell cycle, developmental state and transcription at specific gene loci.Towards this end, we have been developing methodologies for the three-dimensional analysis of non-crystalline biological specimens using optical and electron microscopy. We feel that the combination of these two complementary techniques allows an unprecedented look at the structural organization of cellular components ranging in size from 100A to 100 microns.

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