scholarly journals Poverty in Rural India: Variations in Factors Influencing Dynamics of Chronic Poverty

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Dr Saheb Gowda S Patil
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Chronic Poverty ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The article studies the dynamics of chronic poverty in rural India. The article attempts to analyse the factors influencing the incidence and mobility of poverty and the changes in the influence of these factors over time. This article uses the household panel survey data collected by NCAER. It examines whether there has been change in the influence of factors such as village level infrastructure, household size and composition, and economic growth on poverty dynamics in different periods of time. The impact of a number of factors changes over time implying that the strategies for poverty reduction would have to take into account the changing economic environment. The article further presents an analysis of growth rate of per capita expenditure for the same set households to analyse the extent of consumption growth, which is also an indicator of poverty reduction for rural India.

scholarly journals The Impact of Integrated Management for Salt Tolerant Forage Production on Small Farmers Poverty Egypt Case Study (Sahl El-Tina)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Sherine Fathy Mansour ◽  
Dalia Elsaid Abozaid
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Farming Household ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of New Integrated Management Package (IMP) adoption on income and poverty among fodder farming household in Sahl El-Tina. The IMP such as Rate, time, and methods of nitrogen fertilization and other fertilization, Leaching requirements for some crops, Intercropping system, Use of suitable crop genotype/variety, Use of modern irrigation systems or modified systems to save water, date, rate and method of planting. The study aims mainly to improve the lives of small farmers through the level of dissemination and application of cultivation techniques forage crops tolerant to salinity through develop and disseminate technologies packages of forage production. And reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household. It used instrumental variables (IV)-based estimator to estimate the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of adoption of IMP on income and poverty reduction, using cross-sectional data of 200 farmers from Shal El-Tina. The findings reveal a robust positive and significant impact of IMP adoption on farm household income and welfare measured by per capita expenditure and poverty reduction. Specifically, the empirical results suggest that adoption of IMP raises household per capita expenditure and income by an average of 529.27$ and 1371$ in Shal El-Tina per cropping season respectively, thereby reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household, although complementary measures are also needed. The incidence of poverty was higher among non-IMP adopters (55.2%) than IMP adopters (49.5%). In addition, both the depth and severity of poverty were also higher (20.85% and 15.42%) among non-adopters than the adopters (18.48% and 9.88%). All three poverty measures indicate that poverty was more prevalent and severe among non-adopters compared to adopters.

scholarly journals SYSTEMATIC SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PEDAGOGICAL TEAM OF THE COLLEGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
I. Bredikhina
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Team Development ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Successful Work ◽  
College Staff ◽  
The Impact

The article states that in order to create a competitive educational institution, management needs to use team management technologies. The research considers the issue of creating systematic support for pedagogical teams, namely assessment and analysis of a number of factors influencing the successful work of the pedagogical team and the formation of systematic support for team development using retrospective techniques and team adjustments. According to the results of the research, which is based on the Michigan model of leadership, the existing difficulties in the functioning of college teams were analyzed. The survey identified that at this stage of development, not all members of the college staff teams have a clear understanding of the overall goal (86.9 %) and the impact of teamwork on the overall result (78.2 %). Their unequal contribution to achieving the goal was also noted (73.9 %). The survey indicates that not all teams have a combination of skills at the highest level, and team members who have certain skills are not always interested in helping colleagues (82.6 %). Teams are quite high spirited and motivated even in difficult periods (82.6 %), the teams hold constructive discussions about misunderstandings and problems, regularly find new opportunities to find information and solve complex problems, appreciate the achievements of colleagues (86.9 %). Thus, it turned out that team leaders motivate not all team members to successfully implement projects (78.2 %), but provide management and prompt feedback, consult with team members to remove obstacles and difficulties in the work and ensure team progress (86.9 %). Given the identified weak spots of the pedagogical teams of the college and the factors influencing their work, systematic support, which consists in the formation of psychological security, constant analysis of team development and retrospectives, swell as models of adjustment for team development to improve their efficiency were created.

Remarriage among Jews and Christians

2010 ◽  
pp. 56-85
Author(s):  
Shaul Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Characteristics ◽  
Over Time

This chapter investigates the phenomenon of remarriage in nineteenth-century eastern Europe, demonstrating its significance in Jewish marital behaviour. Patterns of remarriage deserve attention for a number of reasons: they influenced fertility levels, affected family structure, played a role in networking, and served as an indicator of the importance of marriage in a given society. Remarriage is highly revealing of group characteristics and behaviour, but remarriage in late nineteenth-century eastern Europe merits attention for an additional reason. Patterns of remarriage and their changes over time significantly diverged among various population groups. Eastern Europe is thus an excellent context for examining the impact of significant variables on remarriage by means of a comparative approach. The chapter then evaluates modes of remarriage among four major religious-national groups: Russian Orthodox, Catholics, Protestants, and Jews. It also considers important differences between Jews and Christians in specific patterns of remarriage.

Immiserizing Growth and Poverty Dynamics: An Assessment of Twelve Indian States

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-175
Author(s):  
Vidya Diwakar ◽  
Andy McKay ◽  
Andrew Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Poverty Dynamics ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Chronic Poverty ◽  
Using Data

This chapter reconsiders the extent to which recent impressive growth performance in India has been associated with poverty reduction, using data collected by the Indian Human Development Surveys, a panel survey conducted in 2004/5 and 2010/11. The panel nature of the survey allows us to link income growth to poverty dynamics, and in particular to movements into and out of poverty as well as chronic poverty. While the overall story in India over this period is one of impressive poverty reduction, the data also reveal some cases of immiserizing growth. This chapter seeks to understand the nature and factors underlying immiserizing growth for the state of Chhattisgarh.

Poverty under Planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 254-295
Author(s):  
K. L. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Describing the manner in which poverty is incorporated as a parameter in planning, this chapter delineates the use of poverty estimates in policy-making, and in tracking progress of development over time and space. It dwells on the methodological issues related to measurement of poverty, and identification of poor households, comprehensively summarizing the debates surrounding it. Viewing the pace of poverty reduction as the ultimate test of planning, it quantifies the level and change in poverty since the 1970s. It analyses the state of poverty at national and state level, and assesses the impact of economic growth and income redistributive measures on poverty reduction. It brings out that the phenomenal decline in poverty in the reforms-era took place exclusively due to increase in income, eventuated by high rate of economic growth. Finally, it states that despite the decline, poverty remains a major concern.

The impact of an invasive plant changes over time

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Dostál ◽  
Jana Müllerová ◽  
Petr Pyšek ◽  
Jan Pergl ◽  
Tereza Klinerová
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Hypertension and diabetes treatment affordability and government expenditures following changes in patient cost sharing in the “Farmácia popular” program in Brazil: an interrupted time series study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Martins Emmerick ◽  
Mônica Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Rondineli Mendes da Silva ◽  
Luisa Arueira Chaves ◽  
Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Patient Cost ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Increasing medicines availability and affordability is a key goal of Brazilian health policies. “Farmácia Popular” (FP) Program is one of the government’s key strategies to achieve this goal. Under FP, antihypertension (HTN) and antiglycemic (DM) medicines have been provided at subsidized prices in private retail settings since 2006, and free of charge since 2011. We aim to assess the impact of sequential changes in FP benefits on patient affordability and government expenditures for HTN and DM treatment under the FP, and examine their implications for public financing mechanisms and program sustainability. Methods Longitudinal, retrospective study using interrupted time series to analyze: HTN and DM treatment coverage; total and per capita expenditure; percentage paid by MoH; and patient cost sharing. Analyzes were conducted in the dispensing database of the FP program (from 2006 to 2012). Results FP has increased its coverage over time; by December 2012 FP covered on average 13% of DM and 11.5% of HTN utilization, a growth of over 600 and 1500%, respectively. The overall cost per treatment to the MoH declined from R$36.43 (R$ = reais, the Brazilian currency) to 18.74 for HTN and from R$33.07to R$15.05 for DM over the period analyzed, representing a reduction in per capita cost greater than 50%. The amount paid by patients for the medicines covered increased over time until 2011, but then declined to zero. We estimate that to treat all patients in need for HTN and DM in 2012 under FP, the Government would need to expend 97% of the total medicines budget. Conclusions FP rapidly increased its coverage in terms of both program reach and proportion of cost subsidized during the period analyzed. Costs of individual HTN and DM treatments in FP were reduced after 2011 for both patients (free) and government (better negotiated prices). However, overall FP expenditures by MoH increased due to markedly increased utilization. The FP is sustainable as a complementary policy but cannot feasibly substitute for the distribution of medicines by the SUS.

The Experimental Study of Feature Recognition during the Standard Section Installation of Tower

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 701-706
Author(s):  
Shi Jun Song ◽  
Lian Yu Song ◽  
Cai Feng Qiao ◽  
Long Long Hao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Feature Recognition ◽  
Background Modeling ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
Target Feature ◽  
Standard Section ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

In the installation process of lifting tower cranes, background is complex, the impact of light on the characteristics of the target also changes over time very differently, which led to the installation of monitoring is not easy identified from the characteristics of the separate target in the changing off context. Based on this, this paper presents a model using bitmap which is based on the model of background subtraction to approach to background modeling adding morphological processing; the target feature can be more obvious. This method can identify the characterized target well from the complex background.

scholarly journals Parental presence within households and the impact of antiretroviral therapy in Khayelitsha, Cape Town

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Catherine Jury ◽  
Nicoli Nattrass
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
General Population ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Parental Presence ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background. While household support is an important component of effective care and treatment in HIV/AIDS, there are few insights from Southern Africa into how household support arrangements change over time for patients starting antiretroviral therapy (ART).Objective. We hypothesised that patients initiating ART are more likely to be living with family, especially their mothers, compared with the general population, but that over time these differences disappear.Methods. A panel survey of ART patients was matched by age, gender and education to a comparison sample drawn from adults in Khayelitsha, Cape Town.Results. The results show that there is a substantial potential burden of care on the families of patients starting ART, particularly mothers, and that the use of ART appears to reduce this burden over time. But, even after their health is restored, ART patients are significantly less likely to have a resident sexual partner and more likely to be living in single-person households than their counterparts in the general population.

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