scholarly journals Amiodarone lung: under recognised but not forgotten

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Emma Baron ◽  
Wai Kit Mok ◽  
Manika Jayawardena ◽  
Georgina Reall ◽  
Husham Elfaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Reduced Dose ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Progressive Course

Amiodarone is a common medication used widely in clinical practice. It is a triiodinated antiarrhythmic associated with a variety of adverse effects both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, the most serious being amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT) or amiodarone lung. This can present with a variety of clinical syndromes ranging from subacute symptoms to an indolent and a progressive course thus mimicking an alternative diagnosis. We report a case of amiodarone lung in a female who presented with an acute fulminant progressive pneumonitis despite being on very low dose (100 mg once daily) that proved fatal. Diagnosis was made on postmortem examination due to a diagnostic conundrum. Despite the steady decrease of AIPT with reduced dose, it is vital for the treating clinicians to monitor regularly for adverse effects and review the need for long-term use to prevent complications.

scholarly journals Successful Long-term Treatment with Once-daily Injection of Low-dose Octreotide in an Aged Patient with Insulinoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuyuki KATABAMI ◽  
Hiroyuki KATO ◽  
Naoko SHIRAI ◽  
Satoru NAITO ◽  
Nobuhiko SAITO
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Aged Patient ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Simplification to dual therapy containing lamivudine and raltegravir or dolutegravir in HIV-infected patients on virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3327-3333
Author(s):  
Leonardo Calza ◽  
Vincenzo Colangeli ◽  
Marco Borderi ◽  
Diletta Testi ◽  
Bianca Granozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Antiretroviral dual regimens including lamivudine and one boosted PI or dolutegravir are warranted in order to optimize combination ART (cART), prevent long-term toxicity and reduce the cost of treatments. Objectives We hypothesized that a maintenance dual regimen of lamivudine plus raltegravir would be effective and as well tolerated as the dual maintenance combination of lamivudine plus dolutegravir. Methods We performed an observational, retrospective study of HIV-infected patients on suppressive ART who switched to a dual regimen containing lamivudine 300 mg once daily plus raltegravir 1200 mg once daily or dolutegravir 50 mg once daily. Results In total, 109 patients (79 men; mean age 46.4 years; mean CD4+ T lymphocyte count 605 cells/mm3) were enrolled. Overall, 50 subjects switched to lamivudine plus raltegravir (Group A) and 59 to lamivudine plus dolutegravir (Group B). After 12 months, 45 patients (90%) in Group A and 52 (88.1%) in Group B had HIV RNA <20 copies/mL. No patients had severe adverse effects in either group, and the percentages of patients with mild adverse effects were comparable, except for a higher incidence of headache and sleeping disturbances in Group B than in Group A (30.5% versus 14%, P < 0.001). A comparable and non-significant weight increase was reported in both groups (+1.91 kg in Group A and +2.28 kg in Group B). Conclusions In our study, dual therapies containing lamivudine plus raltegravir or dolutegravir in virologically suppressed patients showed high and comparable efficacy, as well as good tolerability.

scholarly journals Obstetric outcome in pregnancy with thrombophilia: a comparative study of two different thromboprophylaxis regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3882
Author(s):  
Shilpa Asthana ◽  
Bandana Sodhi ◽  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Obstetric Outcome ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Thrombophilia in pregnancy is a leading cause of both maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Thromboprophylaxis is administered to the patients with thrombophilia with an aim to improve the obstetric outcome. Although various studies have proven the benefits of treating pregnant women with thrombophilia, few studies comparing the usage of Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) and Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) along with low - dose ecosprin in terms of obstetric outcome, incidence of IUGR, pre-eclampsia, mode of delivery, neonatal birth weight and adverse effects of therapy have been published. This study was undertaken to compare two different treatment modalities using either UFH or LMWH (along with low dose ecosprin) in pregnant patients with thrombophilia with respect to obstetric outcomes and incidence of adverse effects of therapy.Methods: This randomised, prospective study was conducted in patients with a previous history of recurrent pregnancy losses or previous adverse pregnancy outcomes. Sixty patients diagnosed with thrombophilia were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each (Group I and II). Patients in Group I received Inj Unfractionated Heparin 5000 I.U. (s.c) twice daily and Tab Ecosprin 75 mg once daily and those in Group II received Inj LMWH (enoxaparin) 40 mg (s.c) once daily and Tab Ecosprin 75 mg once daily. These pregnancies were followed and the obstetrical outcome was determined. The data collected was analysed using the Student’s `t`test and Chi-square test. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: There was no significant difference observed between two treatment groups with respect to pregnancy outcomes, incidence of IUGR, pre-eclampsia and mode of delivery (vaginal or by caesarean section). Treatment with a combination of LMWH and ecosprin administered to patients in Group II resulted in significantly higher neonatal birth weights.Conclusions: Treatment with a combination of LMWH and ecosprin resulted in significantly higher neonatal birth weights as compared to a regime that comprised of UFH and ecosprin. There was no significant difference seen in patients who were treated with either UFH or LMWH along with low dose ecosprin in terms of obstetric outcome, incidence of IUGR, pre-eclampsia and mode of delivery. No thromboembolic events or side effects were witnessed in patients subjected to either of the two regimes using LMWH or UFH with low dose ecosprin, thus, highlighting the safety of the antithrombotic therapy during pregnancy as used in this study.

scholarly journals Triadimefon in Aquatic Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Toxicity and Risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Hou ◽  
Xiaowei Jin ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Ying Luo ◽  
Zhenfei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Dose Effects ◽  
Low Dose Effects

Abstract Background：As a triazole fungicide, triadimefon is widely used around the world. The ubiquitous occurrence of triadimefon in aquatic environments and potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms have resulted in global concerns. In this review, the current state of knowledge on occurrence, environmental behavior, and toxic effects are presented and used to conduct an assessment of risks posed by current concentrations of triadimefon in aquatic environments. Results: The key findings from this review are that: (1) triadimefon occurred widely in surface waters, with high rates of detection; (2) abiotic degradation of triadimefon was affected by many factors. Stereo-selectivity was found during biotic degradation and metabolism of triadimefon. Different enantiomers can cause various adverse effects, which complicates the assessment and requires enantiomers-specific considerations; (3) triadimefon exposure can affect organisms by causing multiple toxic effects on the thyroid, reproduction system, liver, nervous system as well as carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, and it can also act synergistically with other pesticides. Long-term, low-dose effects were considered to be the main characteristics of toxic effects of triadimefon; (4) results of the risk assessment based on probabilistic relationships represented by Joint Probability Curves (JPCs) indicated that risk of triadimefon was classified as low risk.Conclusion: The concentration data of triadimefon in surface water is relatively less, more work needed to do to detect it. Reproductive toxicity was observed which indicated that triadimefon might result in adverse effects on the population level or even on the ecosystem level. Risk assessments for pesticides that cause long-term and low-dose effects on aquatic organisms such as triadimefon need to consider higher ecology level risk.

scholarly journals Safe by design (SbD) and nanotechnology: a much-discussed topic with a prudence?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gulumian ◽  
Flemming R. Cassee
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Safe By Design

AbstractSafe-by-Design (SbD) has been put forward as a concept to assure that only safe nanomaterials will reach the market and that safety aspects have already been considered in a very early stage of the innovation process. In practice, several laboratory test have been proposed to screen newly developed nanomaterials and nano-enabled products to assess their hazardous nature. These tests need to have sufficient predictive power for possible adverse effects on human health, not only due to acute (peak) exposures, but also for long-term (low dose) exposures as these materials may accumulate over time in organs and tissues.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

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