Separation of carboxylic acids from post-fermentation broth obtained in bioconversion of waste raw materials using multi-stage membrane systems. A mini review

The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of production areas of multi-stage production with the possibility of rational use of equipment capacity and stocks of WIP inventory in the operation conditions of the automated operational scheduling system. Features of the considered problem regarding operative calendar planning are: necessity of processing raw materials at several stages according to the flow chart; an array of the equipment which demands division of work into three periods for each party; availability of planned and unscheduled equipment downtime; necessity to complete set of orders from several suborders; availability of incomplete production in a warehouse; restrictions in order and timing of orders. In the work, the authors construct a mathematical model with the use of multidimensional matroids with structured elements in the construction of free time scale for equipment loading. The research was carried out for a metallurgical plant at the cold strip production site...

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Analysis of the criteria of efficiency of work of separators for the field of hydrocarbon raw

Oil and Gas Studies ◽

10.31660/0445-0108-2019-2-114-119 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 114-119

Author(s):

Valeriy V. Piven ◽

Vladislav S. Shchelkonogov

Keyword(s):

Technological Process ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Comprehensive Assessment ◽

Technological Scheme ◽

Qualitative Composition ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Process Flow ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Flow Diagrams

Assessment of the quality of separation of hydrocarbon raw during its field preparation is necessary to determine the efficiency of the entire technological process of preparation. The absence of complex criteria for assessing the quality of separation for multi-stage processes does not allow one to obtain unambiguous solutions in justifying the process flow diagrams and equipment for separation. We have analyzed the typical technological scheme of separation of hydrocarbon raw materials and existing criteria for separation processes. It is proposed to use the criterion for a comprehensive assessment of the separation processes of hydrocarbon raw materials, allowing calculating the efficiency of the process, taking into account the possible production of intermediate fractions and their qualitative composition

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Value Addition to Beans: The Case of Bean Balls “Akara” Production in Idemili South Local Government of Anambra State, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology ◽

10.9734/ajaees/2019/v33i230173 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

T. N. Nwankwo ◽

T. O. Okoli ◽

C. O. A. Ugwumba

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Net Income ◽

Market Prices ◽

Anambra State ◽

Electricity Use ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Production Policy ◽

Start Up ◽

Policy Measures

Aims: The study examined socio-economic characteristics of the bean balls producers, the profitability of production, determinants of profit, reasons for starting the business and constraints to production of bean balls in Idemili South Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. The great need to help homemakers in Nigeria better appreciate and prepare cowpea bean balls as snacks for income generation and women empowerment in Nigeria informed this study. Study Design: Multi-stage, purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select 50 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Findings on socio-economic factors of the respondents gave mean age, education level and years of experience of 42.4years, 13.5years and 8.9 years respectively; the majority (92%) of the respondents were females, the majority (60%) married and most (70%) had a household size of 4-6 persons. The enterprise proved profitable with monthly mean net income and net return on investment values of ₦75,990 and 0.39 respectively. Significant determinants of net production returns were gender, educational level and costs of inputs. Main reasons for starting the business were a scarcity of job, profitable nature of the business, high demand and small start-up capital. Serious constraints to production of bean balls in the area were conjunctivitis due to emitted smoke, high and unstable price of raw materials and high cost of production. Policy measures such as bulk purchasing of beans, regulation of market prices of the product, provision of infrastructures (water, electricity), use of cooking gas as a source of heat would mitigate the problems, improve productivity, output and enterprise profitability. Conclusion: The bean ball production proved to be a profitable enterprise in the study area. Nevertheless, the efficiency and profitability would be improved if the constraints identified by the study are addressed as it will encourage many more people especially young, active and viable individuals, to venture into the enterprise.

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Effect of the Esterification of Starch with a Mixture of Carboxylic Acids from Yarrowia lipolitica Fermentation Broth on Its Selected Properties

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12061383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1383 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ewa Zdybel ◽

Tomasz Zięba ◽

Ewa Tomaszewska-Ciosk ◽

Waldemar Rymowicz

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Carboxylic Acids ◽

Fermentation Broth ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Degree Of Substitution ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Study Results ◽

Yeast Production ◽

Roasting Temperature

Potato starch was esterified with carboxylic acids contained in the fermentation broth from Yarrowia lipolitica yeast production. Various acid concentrations and various roasting temperatures were used to determine effects of process conditions on ester properties, including the number of acid residues attached to starch chains, starch susceptibility to amylolysis, and thermal characteristics of starch phase transitions. Study results demonstrated the effect of both the composition and the dose of the fermentation broth and of roasting temperature of starch on the number of acid residues attached to starch chains. Citric acid was more susceptible to esterification with starch (DS = 5.65%) compared to the α-ketoglutaric acid (DS = 0.12%). In the case of the latter, a higher degree of substitution was determined in the esters produced at higher roasting temperatures. The lowest digestibility (RS = 20%) was demonstrated for the starch esters with the highest degree of substitution with citric acid, whereas all starch esters showed decreased values of the thermal characteristics of pasting.

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Study of a Natural Gas Combined Cycle with Multi-Stage Membrane Systems for CO2 Post-Combustion Capture

Energy Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.114 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 ◽

pp. 412-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Carapellucci ◽

L. Giordano ◽

M. Vaccarelli

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Membrane Systems ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Natural Gas Combined Cycle

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Genetic Algorithm to Solve Multi-Period, Multi-Product, Bi-Echelon Supply Chain Network Design Problem

International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management ◽

10.4018/jisscm.2009062902 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 24-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. Dhanalakshmi ◽

P. Parthiban ◽

K. Ganesh ◽

T. Arunkumar

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Supply Chains ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Optimization Techniques ◽

Network Design Problem ◽

Production Plant ◽

Two Stage ◽

Cost Structures ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Product Costs

In many multi-stage manufacturing supply chains, transportation related costs are a significant portion of final product costs. It is often crucial for successful decision making approaches in multi-stage manufacturing supply chains to explicitly account for non-linear transportation costs. In this article, we have explored this problem by considering a Two-Stage Production-Transportation (TSPT). A two-stage supply chain that faces a deterministic stream of external demands for a single product is considered. A finite supply of raw materials, and finite production at stage one has been assumed. Items are manufactured at stage one and transported to stage two, where the storage capacity of the warehouses is limited. Packaging is completed at stage two (that is, value is added to each item, but no new items are created), and the finished goods inventories are stored which is used to meet the final demand of customers. During each period, the optimized production levels in stage one, as well as transportation levels between stage one and stage two and routing structure from the production plant to warehouses and then to customers, must be determined. The authors consider “different cost structures,” for both manufacturing and transportation. This TSPT model with capacity constraint at both stages is optimized using Genetic Algorithms (GA) and the results obtained are compared with the results of other optimization techniques of complete enumeration, LINDO, and CPLEX.

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Synthesis of Bifunctional Molecules for the Production of Polymers Based on Unsaturated Fatty Acids as Bioderived Raw Materials

Sustainable Chemistry ◽

10.3390/suschem1030018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 275-289

Author(s):

Alessa Hinzmann ◽

Selina Sophie Druhmann ◽

Harald Gröger

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Carboxylic Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Product Formation ◽

Bifunctional Molecules ◽

Biorenewable Resources ◽

Aldoxime Dehydratase

Currently, investigations of polymer-building blocks made from biorenewable feedstocks such as, for example, fatty acids, are of high interest for the chemical industry. An alternative synthesis of nitrile-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids as precursors for ω-amino acids, which are useful to produce polymers, was investigated starting from biorenewable fatty acids. By hydroformylation of unsaturated fatty acids or unsaturated acids being accessible from unsaturated fatty acids by cross-metathesis reactions, aldehydes are formed. In this work, the hydroformylation of such unsaturated acids led to the formation of the corresponding aldehydes, which were afterwards converted with hydroxylamine to aldoximes. Subsequent dehydration by an aldoxime dehydratase as a biocatalyst or by CuII acetate led to the desired nitriles. Within this work, C7-, C9- and C11-carboxylic acids with a terminal nitrile functionality as well as a branched nitrile-functionalized stearate derivative were synthesized by means of this approach. As these nitriles serve as precursors for amino acids being suitable for polymerization, this work represents an alternative synthetic access to polyamide precursors, which starts directly from unsaturated fatty acids as biorenewable resources and avoids harsh reaction conditions as well as and by-product formation.

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