Finishing Systems on the Final Surface Roughness of Composites

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Koh ◽  
Gisele Neiva ◽  
Joseph Dennison ◽  
Peter Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Final Surface ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Aim This study evaluated differences in surface roughness of a microhybrid (Gradia™ Direct, GC America) and a nanofil (Filtek™ Supreme, 3M™ ESPE™) composite using four polishing systems: PoGo™/Enhance® (DENTSPLY/Caulk), Sof-Lex™ (3MTM ESPE™), Astropol® (Ivoclar Vivadent), and Optidisc™ (KerrHawe). Methods and Materials An aluminum mold was used to prepare 2 X 60 composite disks (10 mm X 2 mm). Composite was packed into the mold, placed between two glass slabs, and polymerized for 40 seconds from the top and bottom surfaces. Specimens were finished to a standard rough surface using Moore's disks with six brushing strokes. Specimens were rinsed and stored in artificial saliva in individual plastic bags at 36°C for 24 hours prior to testing. Specimens were randomly assigned to one of the four polishing systems and were polished for 30 seconds (10 seconds per grit) with brushing strokes according to the manufacturer's instructions. Mean surface roughness (Ra) was recorded with a surface-analyzer 24 hours after storage in artificial saliva, both before and after polishing. Means were analyzed using two-way and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison tests at p < 0.05. Results There was a statistically significant difference for baseline measures between Filtek™ and Gradia™ (p=0.0338). For Filtek™, Sof-Lex™ provided a significantly smoother surface (Ra=0.80 ± 0.21) than Optidisc™ (Ra=0.93 ± 0.28), Astropol® (Ra=1.15 ± 0.24), and Pogo™/Enhance® (Ra=1.39 ± 0.39). For Gradia, Sof-Lex™ provided a significantly smoother surface (Ra=0.47 ± 0.09) and Astropol® provided a significantly rougher surface (Ra=1.39 ± 0.19) than Pogo™/Enhance® (Ra=1.11 ± 0.20) and Optidisc™ (Ra=1.15 ± 0.18). There was no significant difference in roughness between composites for individual polishing systems (p=0.3991). Conclusion Filtek™ specimens were smoother than Gradia™ specimens after baseline roughening. Sof- Lex™ provided the smoothest final surface when used with either composite. Astropol® provided a rough surface for Gradia™ specimens. Citation Koh R, Neiva G, Dennison J, Yaman P. Finishing Systems on the Final Surface Roughness of Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:138-145.

scholarly journals Effect of formula milk on the roughness and hardness of tooth enamel

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Amaliyah Nur Irianti ◽  
Sri Kuswandari ◽  
Al Supartinah Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background: Demineralisation and remineralisation is a natural process in tooth enamel. It is influenced by the content of calcium and phosphorus in saliva, which concentrations are affected by the consumption of food, including formula milk. Demineralisation and remineralisation determine the roughness and hardness of the enamel surface. Purpose: This study compared the effect of formula milk on the roughness and hardness of tooth enamel. Methods: Maxillary premolar extracted teeth were demineralised with 37% phosphoric acid for 90 seconds and then divided into four treatment groups. For four days, the teeth were immersed twice a day in cow formula for five and ten minutes (Group I and II) and soy formula for five and ten minutes (Group III and IV). Before and after the immersion in milk, the teeth were submerged in artificial saliva. The enamel surface roughness and hardness were measured three times using a surface roughness tester and a Vickers microhardness tester, before and after demineralisation and after immersion in milk. Data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Mann–Whitney tests. Results: There was no significant difference (p=0.88) observed in the roughness reduction among the treatment groups. The highest increase in hardness was noted for the ten-minute cow formula milk group (93.27 ± 16.00). The increase of hardness was higher after immersion for ten minutes. A substantial difference (p=0.03) was seen in the increase of hardness between the treatment groups. Conclusion: Immersion in cow and soy formula milk for five and ten minutes does not reduce the enamel roughness, but it increases the enamel hardness.

scholarly journals Evaluation of color stability of different temporary restorative materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vitor Quinelli Mazaro ◽  
Luiz Miguel Minani ◽  
Adriana Cristina Zavanelli ◽  
Caroline Cantieri de Mello ◽  
Cleidiel Aparecido Araújo Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Level Of Significance

AbstractIntroductionTemporary restorative materials are widely used, however, little is know about their color stability.Objectiveto evaluate the color stability of the following temporary restorative materials: acrylic and bis-acrylic resins after immersion in pigmenting solutions for different periods of storage.Material and methodFour materials were tested (Dêncor/Clássico, Protemp 4/3M ESPE; Structur 2 SC/Voco; Luxatemp AM Plus/DMG) and 30 test specimens (15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) per material were fabricated. They were divided according to the storage medium (artificial saliva, saliva + cola type soda, and saliva + coffee) and storage time intervals (2, 5, 7 and 15 days). Color measurements were made before and after immersions, with use of a spectrophotometer, by means of the CIE L*a*b* system. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance and the Tukey Test, at a level of significance of 5%.ResultAcrylic resin presented greater color stability in comparison with bis-acrylic resins (p<0.001). When bis-acrylic resins were compared no significant difference was observed between the resins Structur and Luxatemp (p=0.767). As regards solutions tested, coffee showed the highest color change values (p<0.001), and the longer the storage time interval, the greater was the color change in all the temporary restorative materials analyzed (p<0.001).ConclusionAcrylic resin presented greater color stability in comparison with bis-acrylic resins (p<0.001). Coffee caused the greatest color change, and immersion time was determinant in color stability of the temporary materials analyzed.

scholarly journals Effect of whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of a nanohybrid composite resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Migliorin da Rosa ◽  
Luciana Mendonça da Silva ◽  
Márcio de Menezes ◽  
Hugo Felipe do Vale ◽  
Diego Ferreira Regalado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study verified the influence of whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of a nanohybrid composite resin. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two specimens were prepared with Filtek™ Z350 XT (3M/ESPE) and randomly divided into four groups (n = 08) that were subjected to brushing simulation equivalent to the period of 1 month. The groups assessed were a control group with distilled water (G1), Colgate Total 12 Professional Clean (G2), Sensodyne Extra Whitener Extra Fresh (G3), and Colgate Luminous White (G4). A sequence of 90 cycles was performed for all the samples. The initial roughness of each group was analyzed by the Surface Roughness Tester (TR 200-TIME Group Inc., CA, USA). After the brushing period, the final roughness was measured, and the results were statistically analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests for intergroup roughness comparison in the time factor. For intragroup and “Δ Final − Initial” comparisons, the Wilcoxon test and (one-way) ANOVA were, respectively, performed (α = 0.05). Results: The roughness mean values before and after brushing showed no statistically significant difference when the different dentifrices were used. None of the dentifrices analyzed increased significantly the nanohybrid composite resin surface roughness in a 1 month of tooth brushing simulation. Conclusions: These results suggest that no hazardous effect on the roughness of nanohybrid composite resin can be expected when whitening dentifrices are used for a short period. Similar studies should be conducted to analyze other esthetic composite materials.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the surface roughness of Ormocer-based and conventional composites

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Gonçalves Cunha ◽  
Roberta Caroline Bruschi Alonso ◽  
Paulo Henrique dos Santos ◽  
Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Metallic Mold ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Final Surface ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of two Ormocer-based resin composites before and after mechanical toothbrushing. The study compared the brands Admira and Definite with composites based on conventional monomer systems (Bis-GMA, Bis-EMA, UEDMA e TEGDMA), Z250 and A110. Eight samples of each material with 4mm in diameter and 2mm in height were prepared using a metallic mold. After 24 hours they were polished and examined with a profilometer for measurement of the initial surface roughness (Ra, mm) before mechanical toothbrushing (30,000 cycles). After toothbrushing, the samples were taken to the profilometer once again to check the final surface roughness. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (5%). The Admira composite presented a higher mean of surface roughness before toothbrushing (0.132mm), with a statistical difference from the composite A110 (0.082mm). Definite (0.110mm) and Z250 (0.105mm) composites showed no differences between themselves or among the other composites. No statistical differences were observed after toothbrushing between the composites Definite (0.178mm), Z250 (0.187mm), Admira (0.181mm), and A110 (0.193mm). All composites showed a statistically significant increase in the surface roughness after toothbrushing.

Effect of Calcium-phosphate Desensitizers on Staining Susceptibility of Acid-eroded Enamel

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
KY Kyaw ◽  
M Otsuki ◽  
MS Segarra ◽  
N Hiraishi ◽  
J Tagami
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARY Objective: To investigate the effect of calcium-phosphate–based desensitizers, Teethmate AP paste (TMAP) and Teethmate Desensitizer (TMD) (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan), on the prevention of staining on acid-eroded enamel. Methods and Materials: Forty polished enamel samples (4×4×1 mm) from bovine incisors were randomly divided into five groups (n=8). After immersion in 50 mL of 0.5% citric acid (pH 2.5) for 15 minutes to form acid-eroded surfaces, the surfaces were subjected to different treatments with TMAP, TMD, and NaF (0.21% means 950 ppm) for five minutes. Another eroded group was not treated with desensitizer. For the control group, the samples were not eroded or treated. All the samples were stored in artificial saliva (AS) at pH 7.2 for 24 hours at 37°C. The TMAP, TMD, or NaF was reapplied at eight and 16 hours during the 24 hours of storage time. The surface roughness (Sa) was evaluated following ISO 25178 for surface texture using confocal laser scanning microscopy (VK-X 150 series, Keyence, Osaka, Japan) before acid erosion, after acid erosion, and after 24 hours of incubation in AS. Afterward, the color difference was measured with a dental colorimeter (Shade Eye NCC, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) before and after staining with tea solution. Results: One-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed that acid erosion significantly increased Sa (p&lt;0.001). TMAP- and TMD-treated groups exhibited lower Sa values than the NaF group and the no-desensitizer treatment group. The greatest staining was observed in the NaF group and the no-desensitizer group, while the TMAP and TMD groups significantly decreased the formation of stains. Conclusions: Acid-eroded enamel increased surface roughness and tended to absorb more stains. However, the application of TMAP and TMD moderated the roughness and thus prevented the formation of extrinsic stains.

scholarly journals Bleaching Agent Action on Color Stability, Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Composites Submitted to Accelerated Artificial Aging

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Mendes Bezerra Rattacaso ◽  
Lucas de Fonseca Roberti Garcia ◽  
Fabiano Gamero Aguilar ◽  
Simonides Consani ◽  
Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Color Reading ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knoop Microhardness ◽  
Initial Color ◽  
Daily Application

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bleaching agent action on color stability, surface roughness and microhardness of composites (Charisma, Filtek Supreme and Heliomolar - A2) submitted to accelerated artificial aging (AAA). Methods: A Teflon matrix (12 x 2 mm) was used to fabricate 18 specimens (n=6) which, after polishing (Sof-Lex), were submitted to initial color reading (ΔE), Knoop microhardness (KHN) (50 g/15 s load) and roughness (Ra) (cut-off 0.25 mm) tests. Afterwards, the samples were submitted to AAA for 384 hours and new color, microhardness and roughness readings were performed. After this, the samples were submitted to daily application (4 weeks) of 16% Carbamide Peroxide (NiteWhite ACP) for 8 hours and kept in artificial saliva for 16 hours. New color, microhardness and roughness readings were made at the end of the cycle, and 15 days after bleaching. Results: Comparison of the ΔE means (2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni, P<.05) indicated clinically unacceptable color alteration for all composites after AAA, but without significant difference. Statistically significant increase in the KHN values after AAA was observed, but without significant alterations 15 days after bleaching. For Ra there was no statistically significant difference after AAA and 15 days after bleaching. Conclusions: The alterations promoted by the bleaching agent and AAA are material dependent. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:143-149)

scholarly journals Effect of Toothbrushing-mouthrinse-cycling on Surface Roughness and Topography of Nanofilled, Microfilled, and Microhybrid Resin Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM da Silva ◽  
CUF de Sá Rodrigues ◽  
DA Dias ◽  
S da Silva ◽  
CM Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Filler Particle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Topographic Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of toothbrushing-mouthrinse-cycling (TMC) on the surface roughness and topography of three resin composites with different filler particle systems (Z350, nanofilled [Nf]; Durafill, microfilled [Mf], and Empress Direct, microhybrid [Mh]). Twenty specimens of each resin composite (8.0 mm diameter and 2 mm height) were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) according to the mouthrinses: alcohol-free (Plax – P) and alcohol-containing (Listerine – L and Plax Fresh Mint – PM) and artificial saliva (control – AS). The specimens were submitted to TMC for nine weeks. A surface roughness tester and a three-dimensional profilometer were used to measure the roughness (Ra) and the topography (Sa) before and after TMC. The data were analyzed by multifactor analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05). In all media, Mh presented greater roughness than Mf (p&lt;0.05). The highest value of roughness was presented by Mh immersed in L (p&lt;0.05). The lowest values of roughness were presented by Mf (p&lt;0.05). The three resin composites presented the highest roughness after immersion in mouthrinses containing alcohol (PM and L) (p&lt;0.05). For the three resin composites, the increase in roughness was noticeable after the fifth week. Topographic analysis showed that the smoothest surfaces were present after immersion in AS.

Surface Characteristics, Chemical Composition and Ni Release of NiTi Wire in Different pH

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 586-592
Author(s):  
Peerapong Tua-Ngam ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Niti Wire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Niti Wires ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Maxillary Arch

Objective: To study the surface characteristics, chemical composition and Ni release from simulated standard fixed orthodontic appliance ligated with two differently priced nickel titanium (NiTi) archwires in artificial saliva at pH 5.14 and 6.69 for 4 weeks at 37oC. Materials and Methods: Two commercial NiTi rectangular wire (Ormco and Smart), 0.016 x 0.022 in size were studied. Their surface characteristics were evaluated: surface morphology by scanning electron microscope, surface roughness by surface roughness tester and grain structure analysis by optical microscope. Their chemical composition was analyzed by an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDC). For Ni release, twenty-eight simulated standard fixed orthodontic appliance samples sets, each set corresponding to one half-maxillary arch were used. Sample sets were divided in 2 groups (14 sets per group). The first group was ligated with Ormco NiTi archwires (USA) and the second with Smart NiTi archwires (China) with elastomeric ligatures. Half sets of each group were immersed in 50 ml artificial saliva at pH 5.14, and the other half at pH 6.69. Ni release was quantified with the use of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis of variance was determined on days 1, 4, 7, 9, 14, 21 and 28 comparing Ni release between the groups and t-test was determined the difference between pH 5.14 and pH 6.69. Results: The suface morphology showed striations along the longitudinal axes. The Ormco NiTi wire had more surface roughness than Smart NiTi wire and the diameter of grain sizes were 2-8 μm. The chemical composition of the two NiTi wires was Ni, Ti, Cu, Al, and Cr but there was difference in the percentage of elements. Both Ormco NiTi and Smart NiTi wires continuously increased Ni release at time intervals at both pH levels. The Ormco NiTi wire had more Ni release at pH 6.69 than pH 5.14 but Smart NiTi wire had more Ni release at pH 5.14 than 6.69. At 4 weeks, the Ni release of one half-maxillary arch was 1.221 ppm (1221 μg/l) at pH 5.14, 1.267 ppm (1267 μg/l) at pH6.69 for Ormco NiTi wire and 2.175 ppm (2175 μg/l) at pH 5.14, 0.676 ppm (676 μg/l) at pH 6.69 for Smart NiTi wire. No significant difference was found in Ni release from Ormco and Smart NiTi wires at pH 5.14. At pH 6.69, no significant difference was found in Ni release from Ormco NiTi wires while Smart NiTi wire showed significant difference (p <0.05) on days 14, 21 and 28. Conclusion: Ni release depends on surface characteristics and chemical composition of archwires and pH.

scholarly journals Bacterial Adhesion on Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Surface Exposed to Different Hydrofluoric Solutions

Ceramics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Daniela Santos ◽  
Emily Silva ◽  
Adaias Matos ◽  
Beatriz Monteiro ◽  
Rodrigo Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Ceramic Restorations

The effect of Fluorine solutions on the surface and bacterial adhesion of lithium disilicate is a concern. The aim was to evaluate the surface roughness and the adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis on lithium disilicate ceramic, under the influence of different solutions containing Fluorine. Forty lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press Impulse) discs (2.5 × 5 mm) was divided into 4 groups (n = 10): artificial saliva (Group AS), 0.2% sodium fluoride (Group NaF), 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (Group APF), and mouthwash (Group MW). Roughness analyses were performed before and after the immersion. The surface aspect was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the adhesion of Streptococcus sanguinis were evaluated after immersion in the solutions. The data obtained were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). The Group APF presented a bigger roughness (3.263), statistically different to the other solutions. The bacterial adhesion in the Group APF (5.85) presented statistical difference to the other solutions. The SEM micrographs showed a rougher surface in Group APF. The 1.23% APF gel promoted major surface roughness and bacterial adhesion and could be inadequate for the use of patients with lithium disilicate ceramic restorations. Clinical significance: The Fluorine solution can affect the lithium disilicate ceramics, generating a rough and non-esthetic surface. This altered surface could be susceptible to bacterial adhesion, being directly related with periodontal health, the longevity of the restoration and the success of the rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Effect of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Coupled with Resin-Containing and Xylitol-Containing Fluoride Varnishes on Enamel Erosion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zahra Khoubrouypak ◽  
Mahdi Abbasi ◽  
Elham Ahmadi ◽  
Niyousha Rafeie ◽  
Marjan Behroozibakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enamel Erosion

Purpose. Considering the suggested advantages of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in increasing the fluoride uptake by the enamel, this study aimed to assess enamel erosion following the application of helium CAP and two types of fluoride varnishes. Methods. The microhardness of 70 bovine enamel specimens was measured using a Vickers hardness tester. The specimens were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 10): control, CAP (P), resin-containing fluoride varnish (RF), CAP + resin-containing fluoride varnish (PRF), fluoride varnish (F), CAP + fluoride varnish (PF), and erosion (E). The specimens in the control and erosion groups did not receive CAP or fluoride varnish. All specimens underwent erosive challenge 4 times/day using hydrochloric acid and artificial saliva except for the control specimens that remained in distilled water during the course of the study. After 5 days of erosive challenge, microhardness was measured again, and the percentage of microhardness change was calculated. Surface roughness of two specimens in each group was assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tamhane’s post-hoc test. Results. The percentage of microhardness change in all groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. All groups showed significantly lower percentage of microhardness change compared with the E group except for the P group; no significant difference was noted in microhardness change of P and E groups. Other experimental groups had no significant difference with each other. Surface roughness was the highest in PRF and the lowest in the F group. Conclusion. CAP application had no significant effect on increasing the enamel resistance to erosion. However, enamel resistance to erosion increased significantly after fluoride varnish application alone or fluoride varnish application combined with CAP. No significant difference was noted between the two types of varnishes in this regard. CAP increased the surface roughness while fluoride varnish application alone decreased the roughness.

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