Corrosion in Tinplate Cans Used for Food Storage. Part 2: Characterization and Corrosion Phenomena in BPA-NI Coated Cans

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3790 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Belinda Hurley ◽  
Melvin Pascall ◽  
Gerald Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Food Storage ◽  
Optical Profilometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cathodic Delamination ◽  
Sterilization Process ◽  
Tomato Products ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

Corrosion phenomena associated with tinplate cans were investigated with aqueous solutions of different compounds commonly found in canned tomato products. After only a few weeks of storage at 49 °C, cans lined with a coating free of bisphenol A (BPA) displayed degradation of the coating. Storage of solutions containing chloride, nitrate, and thiosulfate ions in the BPA-NI coated cans resulted in extensive formation of blisters, which are attributed to cathodic delamination. Additionally, headspace blackening, which is sometimes found in packaged protein-containing foods, was also observed. Volatile sulfur-containing compounds produced during the sterilization process might be the origin of headspace blackening. In this study, the corrosion of tinplate cans exposed to different solutions at 49 °C for varying storage times was studied via optical microscopy, optical profilometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed a strong correlation between the presence of cysteine, an amino acid, and/or nitrate, and the degradation of the coating. Furthermore, cysteine was found to be a source of headspace blackening.

Phosphotungstic Acid/Semi-Coke Catalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1683-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Chun Hu Li ◽  
Ying Fei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work presents the results obtained in the development of phosphotungstic acid/semi-coke catalysts in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process of diesel oil using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. Phosphotungstic acid /semi-coke (60wt%) prepared by impregnation. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), The effect of the amount of catalyst used , on the efficiency of desulfurization was investigated. In addtion. the diesel after oxidation and extraction was analyzed by GC-FPD for sulfur content. The chromatograph shows that virtually all the sulfur containing compounds in diesel were removed.

Metallkomplexe mit funktionalisierten Schwefelliganden, X [1] Ruthenium(II)-und Platin(II)-1-alkin-1-thiolato-Komplexe. Kristallstrukturanalyse von trans-(Ph3P)2Pt[S-C≡C-C(CH3)3]2 / Metal Complexes of Functionalized Sulfur Containing Ligands, X [1] Synthesis of Ruthenium (II) and Platinum(II) 1-Alkyne-1-thiolato Complexes. X-Ray Structure Analysis of trans-( Ph3P)2Pt[C-C≡C-C(CH3)3]2

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Weigand ◽  
Michael Weishäupl ◽  
Christian Robl
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract The 1-alkyne-1-thiolates R-C ≡C-SLi [1a: R = C(CH3)3, 1b: R = C6H11 ] react with L2PtCl2 (L = PPh3, 1/2 dppe) and CpRu(PPh3)2Cl, respectively to give the complexes trans-(Ph3P)2Pt[S-C ≡C-C(CH3)3]2 (2a), cis-dppePt[S-C≡C-C(CH3)3]2 (2b), and CpRu(PPh3)2-(S-C ≡ C-R) [3a: R = C(CH3)3, 3b: R = C6H11]. 2a has been characterized by 31P CP/MAS NM R spectroscopy and its crystal structure determined by X-ray diffraction.

Corrosion in Tinplate Cans Used for Food Storage. Part 3: Effects of Cysteine, NaCl, and Tomatoes on Corrosion of Tin, Iron and Tinplate

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3963 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Belinda Hurley ◽  
Melvin Pascall ◽  
Gerald Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Polymeric Layer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tinplate cans used to contain foodstuff are fabricated from steel coated with a thin layer of tin and then overcoated with a thin polymeric layer. Previous papers in this series investigated the corrosion behavior of tinplate cans containing chopped tomatoes or one of the chemical components found in cans of chopped tomatoes. The amino acid cysteine was found to be an aggressive agent that can cause corrosion and blackening of the can headspace region. In this study, the corrosion phenomena associated with tinplate cans were investigated by studying the behavior, individually, of uncoated pure tin, iron, and tinplate in chopped tomato, NaCl, and cysteine solutions using electrochemistry, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Black corrosion products, identified as sulfides, formed when the tin, iron, and tinplate specimens were exposed to cysteine solution at three different pH values. The black corrosion products were also found on both iron and tinplate when the samples were immersed in tomato solution. These results indicate that blackening on bare iron and tinplate could form easily from the decomposition of chemical compounds in heated tomatoes.

Copper(II) Complexes of Hydrazone Derivatives

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Souza ◽  
M. A. Mendiola ◽  
A. Arquero ◽  
V. Fernández ◽  
E. Gutiérrez-Puebla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Open Chain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Neutral Ligands ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Three benzil based, macrocyclic oxygen-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-containing ligands, (3,4,10,11 -tetraphenyl-1,2,5,6,8,9,12,13-octaazacyclotetradeca-7,14-dithione-2,4,9,11 -tetraene) ethanol (L1), 10,1 l-diethoxy-3,4,10,11-tetraphenyl-1,2,5,6,8,9,12,13-octaazacyclotetradeca- 7.14-dithione-2,4-diene (L2), (3,4,10,11 -tetraphenyl-1,2,5,6,8,9,12,13-octaazacyclotetradeca- 7.14-dione-2,4,9,l 1-tetraene) ethanol (L3); a cyclic ligand, 6-ethoxy-l,6-diphenyl-4-oxo- 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,3,5-triazine (L5) and two open chain ligands, benzilsemicarbazone (L6) and benzilbisthiosemicarbazone (L4) are reported. These ligands react with copper(II) chloride, nitrate and acetate. The complexes obtained have been characterized on the basis of NMR , IR, electronic and mass spectral studies, conductance and analytical data. The stoichiometry and the spectroscopic data o f the complexes indicate that the copper ions are coordinated by neutral ligands or by ligand anions formed by loss o f protons from the ligand. The molecular and crystal structure of 6-ethoxy-l,6-diphenyl-4-oxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro- 2,3,5-triazine (L 5) was determined by X-ray diffraction; the space group is triclinic, P1̄ with a = 7.865(1), b = 14.101(6), c = 15.733(9) Å, α = 69.10(3)°, β = 75.62(2)°, γ = 86.69(2)°, V = 1578(1) Å3, Z = 4.

X-ray diffraction and melting-point studies on some long-chain sulfur-containing acids

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 699-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee P. Witnauer ◽  
David Lutz ◽  
N. H. Koenig ◽  
Daniel Swern
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Long Chain

Crystallization of Powders of Spray-Dried Lactose, Skim Milk and Lactose-Salt Mixtures

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Langrish ◽  
Eric 'Hao-Liang' Wang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Salt Mixtures ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Spray Dried

Crystallization of spray-dried amorphous skim milk, lactose and lactose-salt mixtures at different relative humidities and storage times was studied by moisture sorption and X-ray diffraction tests. The results from the moisture sorption tests indicated that the time for 95% crystallization of skim milk powders at 75% and 89% relative humidities are 155 and 80 hours, respectively. For lactose, the 95% crystallization times at 51% and 75% relative humidities are 55 and 7 hours, respectively. A significant result is that salt delayed lactose crystallization, with lactose-salt mixtures (5:1 by weight) at 51% and 75% relative humidities having 95% crystallization times of 70 and 20 hours, respectively. Crystallization was also observed from increasing peak intensities in X-ray diffraction patterns. The rate of crystallization increased with increasing moisture content.

Morphology Changes of Cu2O Nanoshells in the Photocatalysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailing Yang ◽  
Lele Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Semiconductor Nanomaterials ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Morphology Changes

Background: It is meaningful to use semiconductor nanomaterials for degradation of organic compounds under irradiation of solar light. Introduction: Nano Cu2O is suitable for visible-light photocatalysis for the narrow band gap (~2.17 eV). However, few focus on the morphology changes of Cu2O in the process of photocatalysis. Methods: By two-step addition of reducer, porous Cu2O nanoshells (NSs) with almost 100% hollow structure were synthesized, characterized and used to photocatalyze MO in neutral solution at 30 C in air. Results: Cu2O NSs have high adsorption and good photocatalysis rates for MO. After photocatalysis, some new results were observed. Most chemical bonds of MO were broken, but part of sulfur containing group of MO left on the NSs. The morphology of Cu2O NSs was changed and lots of nanodebris was produced. Further experimental results showed some nanodebris was also observed after adsorption-desorption equilibrium (ADE). Without MO and only light irradiation of Cu2O suspension, little nanodebris appeared. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning transmittance electron microscope (STEM) and high-resolution transmittance electron microscope (HRTEM) proved the composite of the nanodebris is Cu2O. The nanodebris are the nanosheets dropped off from the Cu2O NSs. Conclusion: For the porous Cu2O NSs are composed of Cu2O nanosheets with exposed 111 facets, which have strongest adsorption ability for MO and strongest catalysis performance. Light irradiation sped up this interaction and led to the Cu2O nanosheets dropping off from the Cu2O NSs. For the strong interaction between Cu+ and S, part of sulfur containing group of MO left on the NSs after photocatalysis.

scholarly journals Geochemistry And Mineralogy Of Prehistoric Pottery Shards Found At Gua Jaya, Nenggiri Valley, Kelantan, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Muhamad Shafiq Mohd Ali ◽  
◽  
Zuliskandar Ramli ◽  
Nur Sarahah Mohd Supian ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Prehistoric Pottery ◽  
The Common ◽  
Made In

Earthenware pottery is one of the common artefacts found during archaeological excavation works. Earthenware pottery is one of the tools used by prehistoric society as a tool for use in daily life. Earthenware pottery found at archaeological sites should be determined whether it was made by the local community or brought in from outside. Therefore, chemical analysis using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and mineralogical analysis using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods need to be done to obtain the mineral content and elements of earthenware pottery that can be compared with clay found in the area. This comparison is to ascertain whether the prehistoric pottery was made in the vicinity of the discovery area or brought in from outside. The results of this study found that the pottery discovered during excavations at Gua Jaya was brought in from other areas. Besides, it was also determined that the pottery was burned openly due to the uneven combustion temperature. The content of the pottery element also indicates that the pottery was used as food storage containers and also as appliances for cooking.

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