Phosphotungstic Acid/Semi-Coke Catalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1683-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Chun Hu Li ◽  
Ying Fei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work presents the results obtained in the development of phosphotungstic acid/semi-coke catalysts in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process of diesel oil using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. Phosphotungstic acid /semi-coke (60wt%) prepared by impregnation. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), The effect of the amount of catalyst used , on the efficiency of desulfurization was investigated. In addtion. the diesel after oxidation and extraction was analyzed by GC-FPD for sulfur content. The chromatograph shows that virtually all the sulfur containing compounds in diesel were removed.

Corrosion in Tinplate Cans Used for Food Storage. Part 2: Characterization and Corrosion Phenomena in BPA-NI Coated Cans

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3790 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Belinda Hurley ◽  
Melvin Pascall ◽  
Gerald Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Food Storage ◽  
Optical Profilometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cathodic Delamination ◽  
Sterilization Process ◽  
Tomato Products ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

Corrosion phenomena associated with tinplate cans were investigated with aqueous solutions of different compounds commonly found in canned tomato products. After only a few weeks of storage at 49 °C, cans lined with a coating free of bisphenol A (BPA) displayed degradation of the coating. Storage of solutions containing chloride, nitrate, and thiosulfate ions in the BPA-NI coated cans resulted in extensive formation of blisters, which are attributed to cathodic delamination. Additionally, headspace blackening, which is sometimes found in packaged protein-containing foods, was also observed. Volatile sulfur-containing compounds produced during the sterilization process might be the origin of headspace blackening. In this study, the corrosion of tinplate cans exposed to different solutions at 49 °C for varying storage times was studied via optical microscopy, optical profilometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed a strong correlation between the presence of cysteine, an amino acid, and/or nitrate, and the degradation of the coating. Furthermore, cysteine was found to be a source of headspace blackening.

scholarly journals OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
VIRA RUDENKO ◽  
VITALY CHUMAK ◽  
VALERIY YEFIMENKO ◽  
OLENA KOSENKO ◽  
ОLENA SPAS’KA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Petroleum Fractions ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

The modern world market makes stringent requirements for the quality of motor fuels, in particular for sulfur content in them. The main classes of sulfur-containing compounds in petroleum fractions are thiols, dialkyl and cycloalkyl sulfides, alkylaryl sulfides, as well as heteroaromatic compounds – benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene and their alkyl derivatives. They have a negative impact on the quality of petroleum products. Growing demands on the quality of oil and petroleum products have led to the search for ways to reduce the sulfur content in oils and which would not lead to deterioration of physicochemical parameters of oil, such as viscosity, density, acidity, elemental and fractional composition, etc. Among the existing methods of desulfurization of oils and their fractions, special attention is drawn to oxidation methods that allow organic sulfur compounds to be converted into sulfoxides and sulfones which are easily removed by conventional separation methods, in particular by extraction or adsorption. The prospects of the oxidation method are due to the possibility of practical use of sulfoxides and sulfones in various sectors of the economy. The most common oxidants in the processes of oxidative desulfurization of petroleum fractions are hydrogen peroxide and alkylhydroperoxides in combination with catalysts that provide high selectivity and speed of the process. Transition metal compounds (Mo, V, W,) are most often used as catalysts because they are able to form peroxocomplexes in the presence of peroxides. Heterogeneous catalytic systems consisting of various solid carriers (salts, oxides, activated carbon, zeolites) and peroxide oxidants (hydrogen peroxide or alkyl hydroperoxides) are actively developing. Molybdenum-containing catalysts are one of the most efficient heterogeneous systems for oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel. There is proved the effectiveness of oxidative desulfurization, which is a combination of catalytic oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst and adsorption on activated carbon. Methods of oxidative desulfurization with their advantages and disadvantages can be logical addition to large-tonnage hydrotreating processes, and also potentially can be used as an independent method of deep purification of oil and petroleum products from sulfur-containing compounds.

Preparation of Phosphomolybdic Acid/Activated Semi-Coke Catalyst and its Application for Oxidative Desulfurization of Gasoline

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 530-533
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Chun Hu Li ◽  
Zhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Phosphomolybdic Acid ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Sulfur Level ◽  
System Water ◽  
Oxidative System ◽  
Scanning Electron

Oxidative desulfurization of gasoline was conducted in emulsion oxidative system (water –in-oil [W/O]) using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and water as extractive solvent, span60 as surfactant. Phosphomolybdic acid / activated semi-coke (30 wt%)were prepared by impregnation. These catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of amount of catalysts, on the efficiency of desulfurization was investigated. Under this operation condition, the sulfur level of the desulfurized gasoline can be lowered from 550 ppm to below 80 ppm after oxidation and extraction. In addition, the gasoline after oxidation and extraction were analyzed by GC-FPD for sulfur content.

Effect on Variation of KMnO4 Amount for Production of Graphene Oxide (GO)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Md Said Hidayah ◽  
Wei Wen Liu ◽  
Wei Lai Chin ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
Uda Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
High Yield ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mass production of GO has always been an issue. Generally, there are 3 general methods available, namely Brodie’s, Staudenmaier’s and Hummer’s Method. These three methods differ in the type of oxidation agents used. There are plenty of developed methods to produce GO were reported in the literature including the improved Hummer’s method. This method is associated with the use of mixture of sulphuric acid/phosphoric acid (H2SO4/H3PO4) in 9:1 ratio without the presence of sodium nitrate (NaNO3).The amount of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was set at 9.0g. This method allows high yield and ease of control. In this reaction, one of the important indicators was the colour changes during the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into the mixture. However, with the large amount of KMnO4 added, the colour change was hardly observed. Therefore, one possible way to cope with that was to vary the amount of added KMnO4. Subsequently, the produced GO were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

A Review on the Methods in Diesel Desulfurization

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Nazir ◽  
Sadaf Ahmad ◽  
Zaman Tahir ◽  
Sadaf ul Hassan ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Adsorptive Desulfurization ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Adsorption Desulfurization ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Economical Process ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

BACKGROUND: Diesel mainly consists of paraffin and thio-aromatic compounds. Sulfur present in diesel exhaust is the major challenge for oil refineries. Sulfur is an oxidizing element that discharges as acute pollutant in the environment which has adverse effects on human and on animal life. INTRODUCTION: The scope of this review paper is to discuss and to highlight the recent advancements in process of desulfurization of diesel oil to explore the less energy intensive and more economical process. METHOD: Recently, different techniques are widely used for desulfurization of diesel oil to remove sulfur containing compounds from diesel. These techniques mainly involve hydrodesulfurzation, oxidative desulfurization, biodesulfurization, ionic liquid desulfurization, and adsorption desulfurization. CONCLUSION: Adsorptive desulfurization technique is green, less energy incentive, and more economical technique than hydro-desulfurization, oxidative desulfurization, ionic liquid desulfurization and bio desulfurization. Optimization of adsorptive desulfurization technique may yield up to 100% desulfurization of diesel oil.

The Growth of Tin Oxide Aerogels: Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Characterizations

2015 ◽  
Vol 1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Requião da Cunha ◽  
Fábio Dias da Silva ◽  
Renzo Morales
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fixed Charges ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTTin oxide aerogels were synthesized using the epoxide-assisted technique and characterized with X-ray diffraction, diffusive reflectance spectroscopy, particle-induced X-ray emission and scanning electron microscopy. Our results indicate that the material is electrically semi-insulating as the result of oxygen vacancies that appear as fixed charges at the bottom of the conduction band. A modification of the technique with the addition of hydrogen peroxide is proposed to reduce the levels of defects and enhance the optical transparency of the material.

Cellulose Extraction from Hardwood Waste of Resak (Vatica spp.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Aimi Mohd Zainul Abidin ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Radiman Shahidan ◽  
Noriean Azraaie ◽  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cellulose is one of the most important natural polymers. The aims of this study are to extract and characterize the properties cellulose from local hardwood waste, Resak (Vatica spp.). There are two main stages in the extraction of cellulose at atmospheric pressure. The initial stage is delignification and second stage is bleaching process. At the second stage, the cellulose substance are bleached in two different bleaching medium; a) sodium hydroxide (NaOH), b) acidified hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Then, the cellulose properties of treated and untreated hardwood waste of Resak (Vatica spp.) were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).

scholarly journals Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide on morphology of apocynum venetum fibers

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1279-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Hui Gao ◽  
Chong-Wen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Apocynum Venetum ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

This paper investigated the structures and compositions of apocynum venetum fibers treated with pectinase and mixture of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. The apocynum venetum fibers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that pectinase could remove the pectin and hemicellulose and the mixture of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide could extract the lignin in supercritical carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, the results of X-ray diffraction showed that cellulose crystallinity index and crystallite sizes of treated fibers increased in comparison with that of untreated fibers. The studies of scanning electron microscopy also revealed a complete removal of non-cellulosic gummy material from surface of treated apocynum venetum fibers. Small gummy on the surface of apocynum venetum fibers would be removed by supercritical carbon dioxide, which can be verified by bubble dynamics.

Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on TiB2-Based Materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 222-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Huang ◽  
Zheng Yi Fu ◽  
Ai Hua Yan ◽  
Tie Kun Jia ◽  
Wei Min Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Anatase Tio2 ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydrothermal Approach ◽  
Final Composition ◽  
Scanning Electron

TiO2/TiB2 heterostructures were successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach in an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The influence of H2O2 on TiB2-based materials was systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that TiB2 is prone to oxidize in the presence of H2O2. TiO2/TiB2 heterostructure which high-density anatase-TiO2 stand on the surface can be gained in the presence of H2O2 solvent and the final composition can be controlled by the temperature and time. The investigation may provide a path to further understand the chemical property of TiB2-based materials and synthesis method of heterostructure.

Electrocatalytic Property for H2O2 Reduction of β-Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1361-1364
Author(s):  
Li Jin Feng ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Zhi Ai Yang ◽  
Xu Chun Song
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrocatalytic Reduction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrocatalytic Property ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets are fabricated by a hydrothermal method. The products are characterized in detail by multiform techniques: X-ray diffraction(XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results show that the obtained products are nanosheets with diameters of 100-200 nm, and thickness ranging from 10nm to 15 nm . The prepared β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets are used as electrode materials to study the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in 0.5 M NaOH solution.

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