Caregiving After Stroke: A Preliminary Study in Search of a Grounded Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512505143p1-7512505143p1
Author(s):  
Angela Salvadia ◽  
Deanna Bertone ◽  
Shaylyn Fisher ◽  
Kaitlyn Fisher ◽  
Emily Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Primary Author ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. This study investigated the experience of primary caregivers of stroke survivors, while acknowledging limited theories that inform caregiving over time. Interviews and detailed data analysis yielded preliminary theoretical constructs that address disruption in occupations, caregiver burden, coping, and the subjective experience of navigating the health care system. Additional support mechanisms within current OT practice could prevent caregiver burden and occupational loss. Primary Author and Speaker: Angela Salvadia Additional Authors and Speakers: Deanna Bertone, Shaylyn Fisher, Kaitlyn Fisher, and Emily Nelson Contributing Authors: Tamera Keiter Humbert

scholarly journals Individual quality of life in spousal ALS patient-caregiver dyads

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Galvin ◽  
Tommy Gavin ◽  
Iain Mays ◽  
Mark Heverin ◽  
Orla Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Individual Quality ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Individual Quality Of Life ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Quality of life is a basic goal of health and social care. The majority of people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are cared for at home by family caregivers. It is important to recognize the factors that contribute to quality of life for individuals to better understand the lived experiences in a condition for which there is currently no curative treatment. Aim To explore individual quality of life of people with ALS and their informal caregivers over time. Methods Over three semi-structured home interviews, 28 patient-caregiver dyads provided information on a range of demographic and clinical features, psychological distress, caregiver burden, and individual quality of life. Quality of life data were analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods with integration at the analysis and interpretation phases. Results Individual Quality of Life was high for patients and caregivers across the interviews series, and higher among patients than their care partners at each time point. Family, hobbies and social activities were the main self-defined contributors to quality of life. The importance of health declined relative to other areas over time. Friends and finances became less important for patients, but were assigned greater importance by caregivers across the illness trajectory. Psychological distress was higher among caregivers. Caregiver burden consistently increased. Conclusion The findings from this study point to the importance of exploring and monitoring quality of life at an individual level. Self-defined contributory factors are relevant to the individual within his/her context. As an integrated outcome measure individual quality of life should be assessed and monitored as part of routine clinical care during the clinical encounter. This can facilitate conversations between health care providers, patients and families, and inform interventions and contribute to decision support mechanisms. The ascertainment of self-defined life quality, especially in progressive neurodegenerative conditions, mean health care professionals are in a better position to provide person-centred care.

scholarly journals Social Ties, Mobility, and COVID-19 spread in Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Fraser ◽  
Daniel P. Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Current Spread ◽  
Disaster Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Why are some communities documenting higher case loads of COVID-19 infections than others? Past studies have linked the resilience of communities against crisis to their social vulnerability and to the capacity of local governments to provide public goods and services like health care. Disaster studies, which frequently examine the effect of social ties and mobility, may help illuminate the current spread of COVID-19. We model the occurrence of new cases from February 17 to May 29 using 4841 prefecture-day observations, paired with daily tallies of aggregate Facebook user movement among neighborhoods. This preliminary study of Japanese prefectures finds that communities with strong bridging and linking social ties start out more susceptible to COVID-19 spread, but their rates quickly decrease over time compared to communities with stronger intra-group ties. These results imply that residents’ participation in civil society and trust in officials affect their adoption of new health behaviors like physical distancing, improving their capacity to respond and adapt to crisis. Though bridging and linking communities suffered more early on, they adapted better to new conditions, demonstrating greater resilience to the pandemic. We anticipate this study to be a starting point for broader studies of the effect of social ties and mobility on response to COVID-19 worldwide, verifying what kinds of social networks we should invest in to adapt to this pandemic.

Percutaneous Tracheostomy: A Multidisciplinary Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinciya Pandian ◽  
Thai Tran Nguyen ◽  
Marek Mirski ◽  
Nasir Islam Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Percutaneous Tracheostomy ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Comprehensive Service ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The techniques of performing a tracheostomy has transformed over time. Percutaneous tracheostomy is gaining popularity over open tracheostomy given its advantages and as a result the number of bedside tracheostomies has increased necessitating the need for a Percutaneous Tracheostomy Program. The Percutaneous Tracheostomy Program at the Johns Hopkins Hospital is a comprehensive service that provides care to patients before, during, and after a tracheostomy with a multidisciplinary approach aimed at decreasing complications. Education is provided to patients, families, and health-care professionals who are involved in the management of a tracheostomy. Ongoing prospective data collection serves as a tool for Quality Assurance.

Strains in the Fiduciary Metaphor: Divided Physician Loyalties and Obligations in a Changing Health Care System

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 241-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Rodwin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Legal Problem ◽  
Health Policy Reform ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Legal Fictions ◽  
Critical Limits ◽  
Over Time

Owen Barfield, the British solicitor and literary scholar, reminds us that many legal concepts have their origin as metaphors and legal fictions. We often fail to see the nature of legal metaphors, Barfield argues, because over time they ossify and we read them literally rather than figuratively. Look closely at changes in law over time, Barfield advises us, to see how effectively metaphor works in law and language. Many legal categories and procedures we now use had their origin in using a metaphor that revealed a new way of looking at a problem or that helped solve a legal problem. Legal metaphors also help us to identify critical limits and strains in adapting to new facts and circumstances.George Annas has pointed out that our choice of metaphors for medicine can reframe our debates about health policy reform. And Analee and Thomas Beisecker remind us that patient-physician relations have been viewed through many metaphors. These include parent-child relations (paternalism); seller-purchaser transactions (consumerism); teacher-student learning (education); relations among partners or friends (partnership or friendship); or rational parties entering into negotiations or contracts (negotiation or rational contract).

Trends in Global Disarmament Treaties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Casey-Maslen ◽  
Tobias Vestner
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
State Party ◽  
Chemical Weapons Convention ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Weapons Convention ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Core Features

Abstract Since the adoption of the UN Charter, states have concluded numerous international disarmament treaties. What are their core features, and are there any trends in their design? This article discusses the five global disarmament treaties, namely the 1971 Biological Weapons Convention, the 1992 Chemical Weapons Convention, the 1997 Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions and the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. It first considers how a broad set of prohibitions of activities with respect to specific weapons has evolved over time. Then, it analyses the treaties’ implementation and compliance support mechanisms as well as their procedural aspects regarding entry into force and withdrawal. This article finds that a pattern has developed over the last two decades to outlaw all and any use of weapons by disarmament treaty, without first instituting a prohibition on their use under international humanitarian law (IHL). It also finds that reporting obligations, meetings of States Parties and treaty-related institutions are generally created, either directly by treaty or by subsequent state party decisions. Finally, there is a tendency to make the treaty’s entry into force easier, and the withdrawal more difficult. It is argued that these trends arise from states’ attempt to establish more easily disarmament treaties, design more robust disarmament treaties and more effectively protect civilians. The article concludes by reflecting whether these trends form the basis of a new branch of international law—international disarmament law—and discusses them in the context of emerging weapons and technologies.

scholarly journals kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time. Results of 10 month follow up in over 300 seropositive Health Care Workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Felipe Varona ◽  
Rodrigo Madurga ◽  
Francisco Peñalver ◽  
Elena Abarca ◽  
Cristina Almirall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Over Time

The Distinct Value of OT: Examination of Person-Centered Care in Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512510251p1-7512510251p1
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Jayne Braun ◽  
Erin Casey Phillips ◽  
Hannah Corner ◽  
Shayla Murphy ◽  
Alayna Pullara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Person Centered Care ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Person Centered Approach ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. Health care is shifting from volume to value, and there is a need to define the distinct value of services. OT is founded on the principles of person-centered care, and the intentional use of these strategies must be part of evidence-based outcomes in order to solidify the value of OT services. This study examined the use of person-centered care in clinical practice, and results were used to develop capacity-building strategies for implementation of a person-centered approach. Primary Author and Speaker: Elizabeth Jayne Braun Additional Authors and Speakers: Erin Casey Phillips, Hannah Corner Contributing Authors: Shayla Murphy, Alayna Pullara, and Nathan Kies

OT and Cognition: Are We Limiting Our Scope of Practice? The Utilization of Cognitive Assessments Across a Health Care Campus Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512520384p1-7512520384p1
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Blattman ◽  
Sara Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Neurological Event ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented 04/22/21 OTs are trained to identify cognitive impairments in individuals diagnosed with specific diseases or who have sustained injuries or experienced a neurological event such as stroke. However, the presenters’ research demonstrates that OTs are underutilizing formal cognitive assessments and more often relying on observations and screening tools. Presenters discuss survey findings, setting influences, and potential solutions for OTs to increase the use of cognitive assessments in practice. Primary Author and Speaker: Amanda J. Blattman Contributing Authors: Jacqueline Schechter, Anne Spence, Susan S. Hayashi, Kara Sauerburger, Molly Houdeshell, Jennifer Henry, Judith Lieu, Robert Hayashi, and Allison King

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