scholarly journals Histological studies on the oesophageal tonsils of broiler ducks

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Indu V.R. ◽  
Biju S. ◽  
Lucy K. M. ◽  
Maya S.
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Mucosal Glands ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Histomorphological study was conducted on the oesophageal tonsils in six broiler Vigova Super-M ducks of six to eight weeks age. The location of the tonsil was at the junction between oesophagus and proventriculus. In histological sections six to eight isolated tonsillar units were seen in the lamina propria near the base of the oesophageal folds. Each tonsillar unit consisted of a crypt lined by lymphoepithelium and surrounded by dense lymphoid tissue. The tonsillar units were seen encapsulated by connective tissue and composed of many large lymphoid nodules separated by internodular areas. The secretory portion of the mucosal glands of the oesophagus were firmly associated with the lymphoid tissue and the cylindrical epithelium was transformed to lymphoepithelium. The oesophageal tonsils offered immunological protection at the entrance of stomach. Keywords: Oesophageal tonsils, Histomorphology, Ducks

scholarly journals Особливості будови стравоходу та його лімфоїдної тканини горобця домового (Passer domesticus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (78) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
N.V. Dyshlyuk
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

The features of the structure of the esophagus and its lymphoid tissue of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) have been studied. It is shown that its wall is formed by well expressed mucous, muscular and least developed adventitial (serous in the caudal part) shells. The mucosa forms 7–9 longitudinal folds of leaf-shaped and finger-shaped forms directed into the lumen of the esophagus. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, lamina muscularis and submucosa. The epithelial layer is represented by a multi-layered flat, weakly keratinizing epithelium and is better developed in the cranial part of this organ. Near the proventriculus, it passes into a single-layered cylindrical. In its lamina propria of the mucosa there are bags of numerous large esophageal glands in which mucus is recorded. Their excretory ducts open onto the surface of the mucosal epithelium. The lamina muscularis is intermittent in places, formed by a smooth muscle tissue. The submucosa is weakly expressed and its own plate is formed by a loose fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels. Between the esophagus glands, their excretory ducts and in the submucosa of the tunica mucosa on the border with the tunica muscular are separate clusters of diffuse lymphoid tissue, which are represented by cells of the lymphoid series without noticeable rarefaction and densities. The basis of the diffuse lymphoid tissue is the reticular tissue, the fibers of which, are densely disposed and do not have a definite orientation and form a small grid. In the area of transition of the esophagus to the proventriculus, the esophageal tonsil, which is inherent in many species of birds, is not expressed. In this area in the mucous membrane, only local accumulations of diffuse lymphoid tissue are recorded. There are no prenodules and lymphoid nodules. The tunica muscular of the esophagus is formed by a smooth muscle tissue, which forms the inner–circular and outer – longitudinal layers. Between them, layers of loose fibrous connective tissue and blood vessels are identified. Tunica adventitia (serosa) are formed by a loose fibrous connective tissue, and serosa is also covered by mesothelium.

scholarly journals Морфологічні особливості деяких органів головної кишки коня

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
M.M. Stegney
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Sphenoid Bone ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Complex classical morphological methods of studies were used in investigation. Pneumatic saccus is placed over the dorsal side of the pharynx and aside of it. Extended basis is attached to the ventral surface of the body and alar processes of sphenoid bone. Lateral wall of the pneumatic saccus is connected with the medial stylohyoid by loose connective tissue. In front, the dorsal wall is adjacent to the alar processes of sphenoid bone. Palatine processes of incisive bone are the basis of the hard palate in front part, maxillary palatine processes – in the middle part and horizontal plates of the palatine bones in the back part. Macroscopically tonsils are clusters of lymphoid tissue limited by connective tissue capsule under the epithelium of the tongue, soft palate and pharynx. Oral cavity mucosa in the tonsils area of cattle and small ruminants forms sinuses or numerous folds, which are separated by furrows of tongue and pharyngeal tonsils in other animal species. The cluster of separate lymphoid nodules and diffuse lymphoid tissue located at the root of the tongue between secretory units of serous mucous glands form the lingual tonsils. In the pharyngeal mucosa between secretory units of mucous glands lymphoid nodules of odd pharyngeal tonsil are located. Even palatine tonsils are located caudal to the palatoglossal arch and from sides of the tongue root. In horse diffuse tonsils crypts are located on the side of the tongue. Clusters of lymphoid nodules form tonsils of pharyngeal lymphoid ring. They have crypts, which look like hollow of the epithelium into lamina propria of mucosa, surrounded by lymphoid nodules and diffuse lymphoid tissue. The epithelium of the mucous membrane is flat non-keratinized stratified, infiltrated with lymphoid cells. Lamina propria of mucosa in the tonsil area forms a connective tissue membrane, from which layers of connective tissue with blood vessels depart to the middle. Glands’ secretory units are found in the connective tissue base, glands’ excretory ducts open into the lumen of the crypts. Lymphoid tissue is the basis of parenchyma, which is formed by reticular tissue and lymphoid cells.

Histological studies on the tonsil of soft palate in goats

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Indu ◽  
K. M. Lucy
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Microscopic Field ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Histological studies were conducted on the tonsil of soft palate in six month-old male crossbred goats. The tonsil was located on the nasopharyngeal side of the soft palate. The tonsillar surface epithelium presented small folds and was lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in the rostral half and stratified squamous epithelium in the caudal part. The epithelium mounting over the lymphoid accumulation or follicle associated epithelium was modified into a lympho-epithelium and was disrupted and heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. Distinct crypts were not seen. In the lamina propria, lymphoid tissue constituted only a small portion of the tonsil and only two to three nodules were seen per low power microscopic field. Most of the lymphoid nodules had germinal centers. The average diameter of the nodules was 131.97±8.03 μm. Loose irregular connective tissue, lymphoid tissue and glands comprised the propria submucosa. The tonsil of soft palate was not encapsulated.

scholarly journals Mucosal Microhernias in the Nonhuman Primate Colon: Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Colonic Disease

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Colonic Disease ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Humoral Antibodies ◽  
Mucosal Glands ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Microhernias of colonic mucosal glands through the muscularis mucosae are common in human and nonhuman primate colons, and are related to submucosal lymphoid nodules. In nonhuman primates they have been shown to play an important role in the spread of inflammatory diseases from the lamina propria to the submucosa by allowing the infective agents to pass through the muscularis mucosae. The lymphoid tissue of the alimentary tract is composed predominantly of B lymphocytes and produces humoral antibodies. This property of the lymphoid component of these microhernias may thus play a significant role in determining which infective colonic diseases penetrate into the submucosa and which remain largely confined to the lamina propria.

Histochemical Studies on Post Natal Development of Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) of Intestine of Pati Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) of Assam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Deka ◽  
M. Talukdar ◽  
D.J. Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Strong Reaction ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Background: The Pati duck constitutes a major indigenous duck variety in the state of Assam. The study of the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of Pati duck of Assam is of great value in regard to normal academic and bio-medical research aspects. It is also pre-requisite for correct diagnosis and evaluating the treatment of certain diseases like duck virus enteritis, duck cholera, aflatoxicosis, botulism etc, caused by different types of pathogens, food poisoning and food allergy. Methods: The study was conducted on Pati duck of Assam in where 45 numbers of ducks were selected by irrespective of sex at different stages of development. The birds were divided into five groups depending on its age viz., 1st week, 4th week, 16th week, 24th week and 42nd weeks old. The pieces of gut having lymphoid tissue or Peyer’s patches were collected immediately after slaughter. Samples were made cryosections (-20oC) at 10µm in thickness and were temporally stored at (-22oC). The histochemical staining was done after that. Result: The acid phosphatase activity was weak in the lymphoid follicles of 1st and 4th week of age of Pati duck, while its activity was moderate in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age.The alkaline phosphatase activity was moderate reaction in the lymphoid follicles of 1st and 4th week of age of Pati duck, while its activity was intense in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age of duck. The lymphoid follicles of both Peyer’s patches and solitary lymphoid nodules were showed moderate activity for adenosine tri-phosphatase activity in 1st and 4th week old Pati duck and strong activity in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age of Pati duck, respectively. The lymphoid nodules of intestine showed strong reaction for non-specific esterase activity in all the age groups of Pati duck.

Functional zones of Peyer’s patch (PPs) in rabbits’ caecum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
M. O. Nikitina ◽  
M. V. Kravtsova ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz
Keyword(s):  
Germinal Center ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

A feature of rabbit gut-associated lymphoid tissue is that its structure is more developed than in other animal species. In rabbits it is composed of sacculus rotundus, vermiform appendix and Peyer’s patches. These immune formations contain an organized component of lymphoid tissue – lymphoid nodules (B-cell zone) and interfollicular region (T-cell). Secondary lymphoid nodules with germinal centers presented in them are formed due to antigen stimulation. The caecum of Hyplus rabbits at the age of 30 -, 60 - and 90-days was investigated. Each age group consisted of 5 rabbits. Experimental rabbits are clinically healthy, unvaccinated and untreated against ecto- and endoparasites. Peyer’s patches of the caecum were selected for the study and fixed in 10% of formalin. Subsequently, the specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin were prepared from the obtained samples. On the 30th day of life, Peyer’s patches in the cecum were detected by gross examination. On the histological level, they had formed interfollicular region and lymphoid nodules. In turn, lymphoid nodules were divided into primary and secondary ones. A well-defined mantle zone and germinal centers were observed in the secondary lymphoid nodules. The regularities of their area indicators increase (mean value, median and interquartile range (IQR)) and their correlation were studied. The most intensive growth of the mantle area and the germinal center was observed from the 30th to the 60th day. The relative area of the mantle zone and the germinal center as part of the secondary lymphoid nodule was determined. Its value did not change during the experimental period.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of the large omentum in ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
N. N. Shevlyuk ◽  
L. V. Khalikova ◽  
A. A. Khalikov
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Great Omentum ◽  
Low Grade

The aim of the study was to establish morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of large omentum in women with ovarian cancer.Material and methods. The large omenta of 48 women with ovarian cancer (low-grade differentiated seropapillary adenocarcinoma of high-grade malignancy) of II stage (n=20) and III stage (n=28) were studied. Histological sections were stained with overview histological and immunohistochemical methods (to reveal ki67, P53, CD34, CD7, CD4, CD8, CD61 proteins expression). Results. In patients, the size of the large omentum was characterized by high individual variability; in the presence of metastasis, the size of the omentum was reduced. Intensive development of blood vessels in the organ was noted, but in the presence of metastases stasis of blood corpuscles, leucocytic infiltration, and moderate edema of connective tissue were observed in the organ’s vessels. Areas of lymphoid tissue, both small lymphatic follicles and diffusely located lymphoid tissue, were revealed in the omentum. In most follicles, reactive centers were not marked, and the number of follicles was reduced in the presence of metastases in the omentum. The analysis of CD34+ cells distribution showed that they were identified both in the tumor and in the areas of the omentum adjacent to the tumor, which indicates a pronounced angiogenesis. An irregular distribution of CD7+ and CD8+ and CD4+ cells was revealed in the tumor tissues, as well as in the surroundings. Simultaneously with the expression of P53 protein, ki67 protein expression is revealed in the significant number of tumor cells (including endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels). The proportion of ki67+ cells in the tumor cell population was 60.1±3.3%. The presence of a large number of ki67+cells in the presence of P53 protein expression in them indicates the aggressiveness of the tumor, as well as a disturbance of apoptosis regulatory mechanisms in the cells. Ki67 expression was low in the omentum areas unaffected by metastases, and it was revealed in the certain areas of connective tissue in fibroblastic programmed differentiation cells. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate significant plasticity and reactivity of great omentum in the presence of tumor process in the body and confirm the important role of great omentum in protective reactions.

Immune disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

2010 ◽  
pp. 2244-2256
Author(s):  
D.J. Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles

The gastrointestinal tract is protected by gut-associated lymphoid tissue that provides an environment where interaction occurs between luminal antigen and specially adapted immune tissue in Peyer’s patches (small intestine only) or lymphoid follicles. T and B lymphocytes primed in the gut migrate into the systemic circulation via the thoracic duct but home preferentially to the lamina propria of the intestine. Plasma cells of the lamina propria secrete immunoglobulin A as a dimer linked by a joining peptide....

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