Portrait of the Underprivileged : Managing the Ignorant Substitute of Christ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose-Marie Peake
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Deserving Poor ◽  
Moral Management ◽  
Charity Work ◽  
Daughters Of Charity

The fourth chapter tackles the means and contents of moral management aimed at the poor the Company of the Daughters of Charity helped. Focusing on the ideas and attitudes of the Company toward their benefactors, the chapter examines prejudice and love as motives in charity work and argues for the prevalence of the latter. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the contents of this moral management and finds that only a certain group of people were helped, the so called deserving poor, who were educated to become chaste and working members of society. This was not only in line with contemporary thinking of social order, but also part of the survival strategy that separated the order from erudite cloistered orders.

Portrait of the Daughter of Charity : Safeguarding the Execution of Moral Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose-Marie Peake
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Women Religious ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Christian Women ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
Moral Management ◽  
The Way ◽  
Daughters Of Charity

The chapter turns to the body of members of the Daughters of Charity to examine the ways the directors managed the morality of the sisters. The chapter argues that the way the sisters were trained to become good Daughters and Christian women was an important survival strategy for the Company. The chapter opens with an analysis of the delicate position of the sisters as active women religious in avoidance of enclosure which would have made their vocation impossible. The subsequent sections discuss the ways the directors aimed to manage the sisters’ spiritual position by controlling their behaviour in public space, education, and devotional practices in order to negotiate an orthodox religious identity and avoid enclosure.

War Widows and Welfare Queens

2019 ◽  
pp. 584-605
Author(s):  
Brittany Pearl Battle
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Welfare Policy ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Deserving Poor ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Undeserving Poor

This chapter examines the sociocognitive dimensions of cultural categorizations of deservingness. The social issue of poverty has been a persistent source of debate in the American system of policy development, influenced by conceptual distinctions between the “haves” and “have-nots,” “working moms” and “unemployed dads,” and the “deserving poor” and the “undeserving poor.” Although there is a wealth of literature discussing the ideological underpinnings of stratification systems, these discussions often focus on categorical distinctions between the poor and the nonpoor, with much less discussion of distinctions made among the poor. Moreover, while scholars of culture and policy have long referenced the importance of cultural categories of worthiness in policy development, the theoretical significance of these distinctions has been largely understudied. I expand the discourse on the relationship between cultural representations of worth and social welfare policy by exploring how these categories are conceptualized. Drawing on analytical tools from a sociology of perception framework, I create a model that examines deservingness along continuums of morality and eligibility to highlight the taken-for-granted cultural subtleties that shape perceptions of the poor. I focus on social filters created by norms of poverty, welfare, and the family to explore how the deserving are differentiated from the undeserving.

Taking Forward Roger's Interest in the Relationship between the Early Modern Family, Demography, Economy and Government Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Simon Szreter
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Poor

This paper describes how Roger Schofield came to characterise the English social system of the early modern period as 'individualist-collectivist', in which individualism is located within a larger structure and context of collectivism. It discusses this in the context of his contributions to the book he co-edited with John Walter in 1989, entitled Famine, Disease and the Social Order in Early Modern Society. Roger's work related the evidence of demographic and epidemiological change not only to family structures, ideological belief systems and government policy, as saliently represented by effects of the poor laws, but also to economic productivity as a dependent variable. That was quite the opposite of the dominant orthodoxy of the post-war era, which was that demography and epidemiology were driven by economics, not vice versa. This has the implication for our own era that constructive government policy has repeatedly played an important positive role in the economic productivity of the nation and that tax-funded generous support for the poor is a central part of that, which citizens should positively support.

At the Cradle: Gender and Power in Seventeenth-century Parisian Society

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose-Marie Peake
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Moral Management ◽  
Gender And Power ◽  
Daughters Of Charity

The chapter offers an overview of the historical context that gave birth to the Company of the Daughters of Charity. It argues that the urban development of Paris is a crucial backdrop: the contents and direction of the Company and its moral management were always handled from the motherhouse in Paris. Vital support for the Company came likewise from the devout networks of powerful elite Parisian women (the dévotes). Understanding the institutional changes in poor relief and nursing likewise sets the stage further for the analysis of the organization, execution, and contents of the moral management of the Daughters of Charity.

Portrait of Louise de Marillac: Ensuring Resources for Moral Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose-Marie Peake
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
Moral Management ◽  
Daughters Of Charity

The aim of the chapter is to put Louise de Marillac fully in the spotlight. It reassess her role in the success of the Company of the Daughters of Charity and examines her significance in the organization of the Company’s moral management activities. The first subchapter examines the role of Louise de Marillac’s family and dévote networks in the founding and funding of the Company of the Daughters of Charity. The following subchapters turn to the image of Louise de Marillac and study the ways her image as a living saint and a passive penitent of Vincent de Paul were critical in creating spiritual authority and an orthodox image of the Company as a whole.

From Conservative Moral Management to Survival: Conclusions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose-Marie Peake
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Value System ◽  
Moral Management ◽  
Catholic Organizations ◽  
Daughters Of Charity

The conclusion brings together the main findings of the book. It argues that as a whole the book has shown that the value system the Daughters of Charity promoted through their moral management was rather conservative and attached to medieval mentalities. The chapter points out that although most religious companies operate on the principles of moral management, the Daughters of Charity were unique in their systematic and holistic implementation. This is one very important reason for the survival of the Company well into the 21st century. Louise de Marillac was canonized in 1934, and the Company employs today more than 14 000 sisters in 94 countries. It is one of the most important Catholic organizations in France.

Separating the Sheep from the Goats: Victorian Didactic Hymns

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-273
Author(s):  
Susan Smith Tamke
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Charles Kingsley ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Behavioral Norm ◽  
The Church

Charles Kingsley complained in 1848, “We have used the Bible as if it were a mere constable's handbook—an opium-dose for keeping beasts of burden patient while they were being overloaded—a mere book to keep the poor in order.” Kingsley was outraged that religion should be used for the utilitarian purpose of keeping the lower classes in their place. And yet, in most societies religion has traditionally served the very practical purpose of supporting the established social order. To this end the Christian church—and in this regard it is no different than any other institutionalized religion—has preached a social ethic of obedience and submission to the government in power and to the established social order. The church does this by sanctioning a given code of behavior: those people who conform to the prescribed behavioral norm will achieve salvation, while those who fail to conform are ostracized from the religious community and, presumably, are damned. In sociological terms, the code of behavior approved by a given society is most often determined by that society's most influential groups, always with a view (not always conscious or deliberate) of maintaining the groups' dominance. From the point of view of the least influential classes, this didactic function of the church may be seen as an effort at social control, at internal colonialism—in Kinglsey's words, an effort simply to keep the “beasts of burden…, the poor in order.” In terms of biblical imagery the church's didactic function is to separate the sheep from the goats, that is, to set a standard of “respectable” behavior to be followed by the compliant sheep, with probable eternal damnation and temporal punishment for the recalcitrant goats.

Juggling Race and Class in Brazil's Past

PMLA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1717-1722
Author(s):  
Richard Graham
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Individual Mobility

There was never anything merely black or white about brazilian notions of race and the differences attributable to it. IT IS easy to see today that the poor tend to be darker than those in the middle and upper classes and that those of darker color are most often poor. Yet there are dark-skinned persons in positions of power and prestige, and many whites live cheek by jowl with nonwhites, especially but not only in poor neighborhoods. Despite regional variations, Brazil is characterized by the complex interweaving of racial and social categories, making it hard to separate color from class as the predominant marker of differentiation. Racial identity has always been a tangled business, and in the past the existence of a finely ranked but permeable social order meant that society could absorb individual mobility without becoming egalitarian.

William Fremantle, Samuel Barnett and the Broad Church Origins of Toynbee Hall

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Nettleship
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
The Poor ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Contemporaries and historians alike have regarded the 1880s as a watershed in Victorian thought. They have argued that before the 1880s the well-to-do held firmly to a belief in Political Economy and attributed economic success to the high moral character and hard work of the individual. By the 1880s these beliefs had begun to waver, and many who had themselves prospered from the new economic system began to question its assumptions and develop a sense of responsibility toward those beneath them in the social order. One institution which seems to represent this change is Toynbee Hall, the first English settlement house, founded in 1884. Headed by a middle-class clergyman, Samuel Barnett, staffed by well-educated and well-to-do volunteers and dedicated to bringing education and culture to the poor, it seems to be an example, par excellence, of the newly heightened middle-class social conscience typical of the 1880s.2 But close examination reveals that the origins of Toynbee Hall date back to the 1870s, to the broad church orientation and parish practices of Samuel Barnett. Rooted in his modest day-to-day pastoral work rather than in new concepts of social justice, Toynbee Hall raises the question of whether in fact the 1880s constitute a great divide in Victorian thought or a period of continuation, expansion and institutionalisation of earlier ideas and practices.

scholarly journals Pelos caminhos de Deus e dos pobres. Itinerário espiritual de São Vicente de Paulo

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (277) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Vinícius Augusto Ribeiro Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
International Association ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Congregation Of The Mission ◽  
Daughters Of Charity

Na celebração dos 350 anos do dies natalis de São Vicente de Paulo, fundador da Associação Internacional de Caridades, da Congregação da Missão e da Companhia das Filhas da Caridade, bem como inspirador de centenas de outras comunidades, associações e movimentos comprometidos com o serviço e a evangelização dos pobres, a REB se une às alegrias da Família Vicentina, presente e atuante no mundo inteiro, particularmente no Brasil. No artigo que segue, o autor se propõe apresentar as linhas mestras da experiência espiritual de São Vicente, evidenciando o modo concreto como este homem de Deus e dos pobres seguiu Jesus Cristo no âmago dos acontecimentos, em meio aos desafios do contexto sócio-religioso em que viveu e atuou.Abstract: In the celebration of the 350 years of the dies natalis of Saint Vincent de Paul, founder of the International Association of Charities, of the Congregation of the Mission and of the Company of the Daughters of Charity, as well as the inspirer of hundreds of other communities, associations and movements committed to the service and evangelization of the poor, REB shares the happiness of the Vincentine Family, present and active throughout the world, in particular in Brazil. In the article that follows, the Author proposed to present the main lines of St. Vincent’s spiritual experience, showing the concrete way in which this man of God and of the poor followed Jesus Christ to the heart of the events, amidst the challenges of the socio-religious context in which he lived and acted.

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