Neuroparenting: tussen apocalyps en utopie

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-543
Author(s):  
Anke Snoek ◽  
Dorothee Horstkötter
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Parenting Practice ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
Blind Spots

Abstract Neuroparenting: Between apocalypse and utopiaNeuroscience increasingly invades all domains of our lives, including the intimate realm of child raising and parenting. The current trend of neuroparenting, that is parenting advice based on neuroscientific research, fits this development. This article analyses this development from an ethical point of view. We will outline the current developments in the domain of neuroparenting with a special focus on the so-called ‘baby brain’ and ‘adolescent brain’. To discuss corresponding promises and perils, we do not only provide an overview of current studies developing ethical arguments, but we will also present several blind spots in that debate. We will conclude with some advice on how to integrate neuroscience findings in parenting practice in the most ethical way and point out limits that ought to be respected.

scholarly journals Excluded from the Good Life? An Ethical Approach to Conceptions of Active Ageing

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Pfaller ◽  
Mark Schweda
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
Normative Content ◽  
Blind Spots ◽  
Policy Discourses

Contesting previous deficit-oriented models of ageing by focusing on the resources and potential of older people, concepts of ‘successful’, ‘productive’, and ‘active ageing’ permeate social policy discourses and agendas in ageing societies. They not only represent descriptive categories capturing the changing realities of later phases of life, but also involve positive visions and prescriptive claims regarding old age. However, the evaluative and normative content of these visions and claims is hardly ever explicitly acknowledged, let alone theoretically discussed and justified. Therefore, such conceptions of ‘ageing well’ have been criticised for promoting biased policies that privilege or simply impose particular practices and lifestyles. This appears problematic as it can obstruct or even effectively foreclose equal chances of leading a good life at old age. Against this backdrop, our contribution aims to discuss current conceptions of active ageing from an ethical point of view. Starting from an analysis of policy discourses and their critique, we first examine the moral implications of prominent conceptions of active ageing, focusing on evaluative and normative premises. By employing philosophical approaches, we analyse these premises in light of a eudemonistic ethics of good life at old age and detect fixations, shortcomings, and blind spots. Finally, we discuss consequences for ethically informed active ageing research and policies, highlighting the interrelations between one-sided ideals of ageing well and social discrimination and exclusion.

scholarly journals Complications in surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: a systematic review of the medical literature

NEMESIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Raphael Olszewski ◽  
Marcin Wisniewski
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
Periodontal Bone Loss

Our aim was to perform a systematic open-access review of various complications reported for surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) procedures. There were 37 articles found in Pubmed using the search equation. Twelve articles were initially excluded according to the exclusion criteria. The 25 remaining articles were read in full for their descriptions of complications related to the SARME procedure in mature patients. The main reversible complications of SARME were infection, postoperative pain, and bleeding. There were also complications related to distractors, to secondary surgeries, and pterygomaxillary junction. The main non-reversible complications of SARME were associated with teeth, periodontal bone loss, and skull base fractures. Large field-of-view cone beam computed tomography (maxilla and skull base) should be implemented as initial planning tool to prevent many potential complications. The current trend for “minimally invasive” surgery in SARME might be, from an ethical point of view, transformed onto “minimally complicated” surgery as complication is still more harmful for any given patient than any potential perioperative surgical invasiveness.

The ethics of pandemic preparedness revisited - autonomy, quarantine, transferability and trust

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Schröder-Bäck ◽  
T Schloemer ◽  
K Martakis ◽  
C Brall
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Ethical Point

Abstract Background The outbreak of SARS in 2002 lead to a public health ethics discourse. The crisis management of that time was ethically analysed and lessons to be learned discussed. Scholarship and WHO, among others, developed an ethics of pandemic preparedness. The current “corona crisis” also faces us with ethical challenges. This presentation is comparing the two crises from an ethical point of view and a focus on Europe. Methods An ethics framework for pandemic preparedness (Schröder et al. 2006 and Schröder-Bäck 2014) is used to make a synopsis of ethical issues. Ethical aspects of 2002 and 2020 that were discussed in the literature and in the media are compared. For 2020, the focus is on interventions in Italy, Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. Results Topics that emerged from the 2002 crisis were, among others, revolving around aspects of stigmatisation and fair distribution of scarce resources (esp. vaccines, antivirals). Currently, most urgent and ethically challenging aspects relate to social distancing vs. autonomy: Isolation and quarantine are handled differently across Europe and the EU. Questions of transferability of such interventions prevail. Contexts vary vertically over time (2002 vs. 2020) and horizontally (e.g. between Italy and Germany at the same time). Furthermore, trust in authorities, media and health information is a key issue. Conclusions Ethical aspects are key for good pandemic preparedness and management. The context of the crises between 2002 and 2020 has slightly changed, also based on “lessons learned” from 2002. This has implications on ethical issues that are being discussed. New lessons will have to be learned from the 2020 crisis. Key messages Pandemic preparedness and outbreak management entail many ethical tensions that need to be addressed. Currently, questions of trust and transferability are key to the crisis management, further ethical issues could still emerge.

scholarly journals Williams on Ethics, Knowledge, and Reflection

Philosophy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Knowledge ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
The One

The author begins with an outline of Bernard William's moral philosophy, within which he locates William's notorious doctrine that reflection can destroy ethical knowledge. He then gives a partial defence of this doctrine, exploiting an analogy between ethical judgements and tensed judgements. The basic idea is that what the passage of time does for the latter, reflection can do for the former: namely, prevent the re-adoption of an abandoned point of view (an ethical point of view in the one case, a temporal point of view in the other). In the final section the author says a little about how reflection might do this.

scholarly journals Comentarios a la propuesta del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo del certificado verde digital. Protección de datos sanitarios y análisis ético jurídico

Bioderecho.es ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria María González Suárez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
The Right

Con motivo de la situación actual a la que nos enfrentamos por la pandemia de la COVID-19 se ha planteado en diversas ocasiones la implantación de un certificado verde digital. El 17 de marzo de 2021 la Comisión Europea presentó una propuesta de creación del certificado con el fin de facilitar el ejercicio del derecho a la libre circulación dentro de la Unión Europea durante la pandemia. Todo ello plantea diversas cuestiones jurídicas en cuanto a la protección de datos sanitarios, el derecho a la libre circulación y la eficacia y proporcionalidad de medidas que deben ser objeto de análisis tanto desde el punto de vista jurídico como del punto de vista ético ya que, en ciertas ocasiones la aplicación de medidas puede afectar al derecho a la igualdad de los ciudadanos. Due to the current situation we are facing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of a digital green certificate has been proposed on several occasions. On March 17, 2021, the European Commission presented a proposal to create the certificate in order to facilitate the exercise of the right of free movement within the European Union during the pandemic. All this raises various legal questions regarding the protection of health data, the right of free movement and the efficacy and proportionality of measures that must be analyzed from both the legal and ethical point of view since, on certain occasions the application of measures may affect the right of equality of citizens.

scholarly journals Reciprocity in the Civil Economy: a Critical Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
María Guadalupe Martino ◽  
Christian Müller
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
Homo Oeconomicus ◽  
Market Interactions ◽  
Incentive Compatible ◽  
The Social ◽  
Civil Economy ◽  
Social Market

Abstract The civil economy approach is an attempt to reconcile economic market interactions with the normative standards of traditional virtue ethics. We analyze critically some of its main elements with a special focus on the concept of reciprocity, which plays a central role in the whole approach. Its strengths include, among others, virtue orientation, emphasis on happiness rather than utility, and in particular the notion of reciprocity. However, we argue that this concept of reciprocity would on average not be incentive compatible, and from a methodological point of view, the implied hypothesis of a homo reciprocans is not a viable alternative to the standard model of homo oeconomicus. We also consider that the approach is not entirely new, as it shares many characteristics with the social market economy conception.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC CRIME (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MOSCOW AND THE MOSCOW REGION)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Igor' Lopatin
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Regional Society ◽  
Regional Economic

Economic crime at the regional level is a versatile category that is dangerous for the population of the region and negative from the point of view of society, characterized by the existing regional social conditions. The danger of manifestations of economic crime consists both in the consequence in the form of significant material damage to the population of the region, and in the destabilization of the regional economy as a whole. Parallel shadow operations with an illegal orientation are emerging and progressing in the regional society, which, given the current trend, can direct all the resources available in the region to their development.

scholarly journals SOMEONE BETWEEN: ETHICAL AND MEDICAL PROBLEMS OF HUMAN AND (NON)HUMAN ANIMAL ENHANCEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGNIESZKA ŻOK ◽  
EWA BAUM
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Incurable Illness ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Personalised Therapy

Human dreams of a long and healthy life are becoming increasingly real. The advancement of medical technology allows to modify the genome or personalised therapy in order to avoid troublesome side effects. This process also leads to the blurring of boundaries between humans and animals. Rats with induced human diseases are used for testing drugs for incurable illness; humanised pigs can donate organs that are compatible with the genome and immune system of the recipient. A brave new human is approaching, and new “human” animals are making this possible. The main objective of the article is to show the differences between the refinement of people and other animals and to analyse this phenomenon from an ethical point of view.

scholarly journals Problemi morali nel trattamento della preeclampsia e della corioamnionite

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio P. Faggioni
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Double Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
Principle Of Double Effect ◽  
Catholic Tradition ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Difficult Situations

Fra le patologie della gravidanza la corioamnionite e la preeclampsia rappresentano situazioni difficili sia dal punto di vista clinico sia dal punto di vista etico. L’articolo affronta con particolare attenzione il problema dell’anticipazione del parto prima che il feto abbia raggiunto la soglia della viabilità. Vengono esaminate le posizioni principali della Tradizione cattolica e le risposte a specifici quesiti date dal Sant’Uffizio tra la fine del XIX secolo e l’inizio del XX. L’Autore ritiene che l’applicazione del principio del duplice effetto a queste situazioni non sia del tutto convincente e propone una soluzione alternativa nella individuazione del solo bene possibile. ---------- Chorioamnionitis and preeclampsy represent difficult situations among pregnancy pathologies both from a clinical and from an ethical point of view. The article treats with particular attention the issue of induced preterm parturition before fetus has reached the threshold of viability. The main positions of the Catholic Tradition and the answers given by the Holy Office at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th are examined. The author believes that the application of the principle of double effect to such situations is non completely convincing and he proposes as an alternative solution the identification of the only possible good.

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