scholarly journals Loonsverlaging of reductie van het personeelsbestand in de economische crisis? Rapportage van Duitse en Nederlandse werknemers

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-445
Author(s):  
Kea Tijdens ◽  
Maarten van Klaveren ◽  
Reinhard Bispinck ◽  
Heiner Dribbusch ◽  
Fikret Öz
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Basic Wage ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Low Educated

Wage or workforce adjustments in the crisis?1How do organisations respond if the crisis affects their business? Do they adjust wages or workforce? Using data from a continuous employee web-survey firm-level responses to the economic crisis in Germany and the Netherlands are investigated. Workforce adjustments were a continuous strategy. No evidence was found of wage concessions traded-off for job protection. Collective bargaining ensured robust wage-setting rather than employment protection. Basic wage reductions were reported more often for low-educated and low-wage employees thereby increasing wage inequality. Labour hoarding was reported predominantly by young, male employees with a permanent, full-time contract.

scholarly journals Wage-Setting Policies, Employment, and Food Insecurity: A Multilevel Analysis of 492 078 People in 139 Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e8
Author(s):  
Aaron Reeves ◽  
Rachel Loopstra ◽  
Valerie Tarasuk
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Analysis Center ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Unemployed

Objectives. To examine the association between wage-setting policy and food insecurity. Methods. We estimated multilevel regression models, using data from the Gallup World Poll (2014–2017) and UCLA’s World Policy Analysis Center, to examine the association between wage setting policy and food insecurity across 139 countries (n = 492 078). Results. Compared with countries with little or no minimum wage, the probability of being food insecure was 0.10 lower (95% confidence interval = 0.02, 0.18) in countries with collective bargaining. However, these associations varied across employment status. More generous wage-setting policies (e.g., collective bargaining or high minimum wages) were associated with lower food insecurity among full-time workers (and, to some extent, part-time workers) but not those who were unemployed. Conclusions. In countries with generous wage-setting policies, employed adults had a lower risk of food insecurity, but the risk of food insecurity for the unemployed was unchanged. Wage-setting policies may be an important intervention for addressing risks of food insecurity among low-income workers. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print February 18, 2021: e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.306096 )

scholarly journals Wage-Setting Policies, Employment, and Food Insecurity: A Multilevel Analysis of 492 078 People in 139 Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Reeves ◽  
Rachel Loopstra ◽  
Valerie Tarasuk
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Analysis Center ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Unemployed

Objectives. To examine the association between wage-setting policy and food insecurity.Methods. We estimated multilevel regression models, using data from the Gallup World Poll (2014–2017) and UCLA’s World Policy Analysis Center, to examine the association between wage setting policy and food insecurity across 139 countries (n = 492 078).Results. Compared with countries with little or no minimum wage, the probability of being food insecure was 0.10 lower (95% confidence interval = 0.02, 0.18) in countries with collective bargaining. However, these associations varied across employment status. More generous wage-setting policies (e.g., collective bargaining or high minimum wages) were associated with lower food insecurity among full-time workers (and, to some extent, part-time workers) but not those who were unemployed.Conclusions. In countries with generous wage-setting policies, employed adults had a lower risk of food insecurity, but the risk of food insecurity for the unemployed was unchanged. Wage-setting policies may be an important intervention for addressing risks of food insecurity among low-income workers.

scholarly journals The Role of Employment Protection during an Exogenous Shock to an Economy

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1850225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Malul ◽  
Mosi Rosenboim ◽  
Tal Shavit ◽  
Shlomo Yedidia Tarba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
Automatic Stabilizer ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Stability

This paper explores the role of employment protection when powerful external crises reduce demand for products. We first present a theoretical framework that shows that employment protection has a U-shaped effect on abnormal unemployment during a negative exogenous shock to an economy. Using data from the 33 OECD countries, we analyze how the level of employment protection affected the stability of unemployment rates during the recent global economic crisis. The results suggest that countries with an intermediate level of employment protection will have more stable unemployment rates during a world crisis. The policy implication of our paper is that countries should seek a medium level of employment protection that may act as an automatic stabilizer of the economy on the macro level.

scholarly journals Feeling Gratitude and Depletion: The Ambivalent Consequences of Receiving Help in the Workplace

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2039
Author(s):  
Yuanfang Zhan ◽  
Jinfan Zhou ◽  
Huan Cheng ◽  
Renyan Mu
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Using Data

Drawing from social exchange theory, we developed a dual-path model of employees’ reactions to episodic help received from colleagues. Through a diary study, using data collected from 127 full-time employees working in a large Chinese bank, we tested this model, revealing that receiving episodic help from colleagues is positively related to the help receivers’ gratitude and ego depletion. Through these two ambivalent psychological states, help receivers were found to simultaneously engage in more organizational citizenship behaviors and deviance behaviors on a daily basis. These empirical findings contribute to research that adopts a target-centric perspective in examining the consequences of helping behavior in the workplace.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Beliefs and Risk-Neutral Skewness

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Friesen ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Thomas S. Zorn
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Systematic Risk ◽  
Heterogeneous Beliefs ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skewness Factor ◽  
Risk Neutral ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThis study tests whether belief differences affect the cross-sectional variation of risk-neutral skewness using data on firm-level stock options traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange from 2003 to 2006. We find that stocks with greater belief differences have more negative skews, even after controlling for systematic risk and other firm-level variables known to affect skewness. Factor analysis identifies latent variables linked to risk and belief differences. The belief factor explains more variation in the risk-neutral skewness than the risk-based factor. Our results suggest that belief differences may be one of the unexplained firm-specific components affecting skewness.

scholarly journals Gains in employment status following antidepressant medication or cognitive therapy for depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay C. Fournier ◽  
Robert J. DeRubeis ◽  
Jay Amsterdam ◽  
Richard C. Shelton ◽  
Steven D. Hollon
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Site ◽  
Full Time Employment

BackgroundDepression can adversely affect employment status.AimsTo examine whether there is a relative advantage of cognitive therapy or antidepressant medication in improving employment status following treatment, using data from a previously reported trial.MethodRandom assignment to cognitive therapy (n = 48) or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine (n = 93) for 4 months; treatment responders were followed for up to 24 months. Differential effects of treatment on employment status were examined.ResultsAt the end of 28 months, cognitive therapy led to higher rates of full-time employment (88.9%) than did antidepressant medication among treatment responders (70.8%), χ21 = 5.78, P = 0.02, odds ratio (OR) = 5.66, 95% CI 1.16–27.69. In the shorter-term, the main effect of treatment on employment status was not significant following acute treatment (χ21 = 1.74, P = 0.19, OR = 1.77, 95% CI 0.75–4.17); however, we observed a site×treatment interaction (χ21 = 6.87, P = 0.009) whereby cognitive therapy led to a higher rate of full-time employment at one site but not at the other.ConclusionsCognitive therapy may produce greater improvements in employment v. medication, particularly over the longer term.

scholarly journals How Does Group Climate Foster or Hinder Employee Voice? A Cross-Level Examination

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoye Qian ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Jue Wang ◽  
Shiyang Gong ◽  
Hao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Employee Voice ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Prevention Focus ◽  
Group Climate ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Although empirical evidence has accumulated showing that group climate has a significant impact on employee voice, knowledge about how different types of climates may influence voice is limited. Drawing upon the theory of planned behavior, we develop and test a model that explains whether and how the two group climates, cooperation and sanction, differentially predict employee promotive and prohibitive voice. We test the hypotheses using data collected from a sample of 274 full-time employees nested in 58 workgroups across two time periods. The empirical results show that group climate predicts employee voice in different ways: Group cooperation climate has a positive effect on both types of employee voice, whereas group sanction climate shows a negative effect on promotive voice. Individuals’ psychological capital is a cross-level mediator in the relationship between group climate and employee voice. Employees’ prevention focus negatively moderates the relationship between psychological capital and employee voice. These results highlight the important effect of group climate on employee voice in organization and calls on managers to create a favorable environment to increase employees’ psychological capital and voice behaviors.

SMEs' Access to Innovation Finance. An Analysis of Public Funds in Piedmont

2012 ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Mario Calderini ◽  
Francesca Silvia Rota
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Framework Conditions

Using data on public funds in Piedmont, the article argues that SMEs' access to innovation finance is influenced by firm-level determinants, as well as by framework conditions. Use of a Heckman two-step procedure shows that internal determinants are more relevant than external ones represented by relationships with local academia, industry, and governance domains. Legal status and sector, in particular, prove to perform a major role in determining both the likelihood of fund access and the intensity of fund transfers. Revenue too is important, though with a negative effect, while size has a positive impact on fund access alone.

Do Country-level Creditor Protections Affect Firm-level Debt Structure Concentration?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kose John ◽  
Mahsa S Kaviani ◽  
Lawrence Kryzanowski ◽  
Hosein Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Debt Structure ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Creditor Rights ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Bankruptcy Costs ◽  
Cash Flow Volatility ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Alternative Settings

Abstract We study the effects of country-level creditor protections on the firm-level choice of debt structure concentration. Using data from 46 countries, we show that firms form more concentrated debt structures in countries with stronger creditor protection. We propose a trade-off framework of optimal debt structure and show that in strong creditor rights regimes, the benefit of forming concentrated structures outweighs its cost. Because strong creditor protections increase liquidation bias, firms choose concentrated debt structures to improve the probability of successful distressed debt renegotiations. Firms with ex-ante higher bankruptcy costs, including those with higher intangibility, cash flow volatility, R&D expenses, and leverage exhibit stronger effects. Firms with restricted access to capital are also affected more. A difference-in-differences analysis of firms’ debt structure responses to creditor rights reforms confirms the cross-country results. Our findings are robust to alternative settings and a battery of robustness checks.

Effect of E-Retail Product Category on Performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-168
Author(s):  
Erik Ernesto Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Information Economics ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Web Traffic ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retail Products ◽  
Positive Effect

Literature on product categorization of e-retail products has adopted a consumer view and studied the direct effect on consumer-level variables such as purchase intent or customer satisfaction. In doing so, the moderating effect of product categorization of e-retail products on firm-level variables has been ignored. To address the implications of e-retail product categorization, this chapter asks the following question, What is the moderating effect of e-retail product category on sales performance? This chapter uses concepts of information economics, e-retailing, and the search-experience-credence (SEC) categorization of products to develop theoretical hypotheses. Using data from 500 US e-retailers, this chapter contends that the ease to evaluate retail products online has a positive effect on sales volume of e-retail firms. This effect is the result of increased web traffic and decreased conversion rates, which describes the e-retail market behavior with firm-level variables.

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