Was Abraham Kuyper een fundamentalist? Het neocalvinisme langs de fundamentalistische meetlat

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-210
Author(s):  
Tom-Eric Krijger
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
National Character ◽  
Core Element ◽  
The Core ◽  
Social Ideology ◽  
Common Grace ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
The Church

This article aims to assess whether Dutch theologian Abraham Kuyper (1837‐1920) and his adaptation of Calvinism into a systematic theological, political and social ideology, known as ‘neo-Calvinism’, can be rightfully associated with ‘fundamentalism’. First, the article outlines the constitutive elements of neo-Calvinism: the concepts of antithesis, presumptive regeneration, sphere sovereignty, common grace, ecclesial multiformity, and organic Scriptural inspiration, the differentiation between the church as organism and as institute, the erasure of a theocratic fragment in the Belgic Confession, and the idea that Calvinism is the ‘core element’ of the Dutch national character. Second, it applies recent literature on fundamentalism to neo-Calvinism and the development of the neo-Calvinist movement. Although, as this article concludes, the neo-Calvinist movement did have some ‘fundamentalist’ features, neo-Calvinism in itself did not inevitably lead to what Jan Buskes has called ‘the triumph of fundamentalism’ at the synod of the Reformed Churches in Assen in 1926.

A Further Dilemma for British Divines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay T. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Narrow Definition ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Church

Chapter 5 continues to investigate the Montagu affair by surveying adjacent doctrines related to the perseverance debate. For instance, Dort’s more narrow definition of perseverance caused difficulties for those holding a more traditionalist view of baptism and regeneration. After looking at Montagu’s baptismal argument against perseverance of the saints, the chapter evaluates published responses to Montagu’s advocacy of baptismal regeneration as well as more private debates where John Davenant and Samuel Ward tried to reconcile a form of baptismal regeneration with Dort’s determination on perseverance. This survey shows division on the efficacy of baptism even within the pro-Dortian party, with readings and receptions of Augustine factoring in. It also reveals further evidence of how a broad-church approach to being Reformed set the Church of England at odds with the international trends of the Reformed churches.

The Doctrine of the Sacraments

2019 ◽  
pp. 239-251
Author(s):  
Gordon S. Mikoski
Keyword(s):  
Digital Age ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Holy Communion ◽  
Christian Initiation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Church

This chapter maps the essential contours and points of dialogue or contention pertaining to the sacraments among Presbyterian denominations. First, the chapter examines the distinctively Presbyterian understanding of sacraments in general. The chapter then explores in detail the theological meaning and practices of the two Presbyterian sacraments: baptism and Holy Communion. For Presbyterians, baptism serves as the rite of Christian initiation. The chapter also explains why Presbyterians practice paedobaptism. While baptism is for Presbyterians the sacrament of initiation into the church, the sacrament of Holy Communion is at the core of the church’s corporate life and work. The chapter next examines several contemporary issues related to the sacraments for Presbyterians. In the spirit of “the Reformed church always being reformed according to the Word of God,” the chapter concludes by posing several provocative questions for Presbyterian denominations and the sacraments in the digital age.

scholarly journals Mandevillian Virtues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandi Astola
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Virtue Theory ◽  
Collective Good ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cognitive Traits ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
Do So

AbstractStudies in collective intelligence have shown that suboptimal cognitive traits of individuals can lead a group to succeed in a collective cognitive task, in recent literature this is called mandevillian intelligence. Analogically, as Mandeville has suggested, the moral vices of individuals can sometimes also lead to collective good. I suggest that this mandevillian morality can happen in many ways in collaborative activities. Mandevillian morality presents a challenge for normative virtue theories in ethics. The core of the problem is that mandevillian morality implies that individual vice is, in some cases, valuable. However, normative virtue theories generally see vice as disvaluable. A consequence of this is that virtue theories struggle to account for the good that can emerge in a collective. I argue that normative virtue theories can in fact accommodate for mandevillian emergent good. I put forward three distinctive features that allow a virtue theory to do so: a distinction between individual and group virtues, a distinction between motivational and teleological virtues, and an acknowledgement of the normativity of “vicious” roles in groups.

scholarly journals Framing Effects and Fuzzy Traces: ‘Some’ Observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Framing Effects ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Alternative Interventions ◽  
Trace Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Trace Theory ◽  
The Core ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Lower Bounding ◽  
Central Claim

AbstractFraming effects occur when people respond differently to the same information, just because it is conveyed in different words. For example, in the classic ‘Disease Problem’ introduced by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, people’s choices between alternative interventions depend on whether these are described positively, in terms of the number of people who will be saved, or negatively in terms of the corresponding number who will die. In this paper, I discuss an account of framing effects based on ‘fuzzy-trace theory’. The central claim of this account is that people represent the numbers in framing problems in a ‘gist-like’ way, as ‘some’; and that this creates a categorical contrast between ‘some’ people being saved (or dying) and ‘no’ people being saved (or dying). I argue that fuzzy-trace theory’s gist-like representation, ‘some’, must have the semantics of ‘some and possibly all’, not ‘some but not all’. I show how this commits fuzzy-trace theory to a modest version of a rival ‘lower bounding hypothesis’, according to which lower-bounded interpretations of quantities contribute to framing effects by rendering the alternative descriptions extensionally inequivalent. As a result, fuzzy-trace theory is incoherent as it stands. Making sense of it requires dropping, or refining, the claim that decision-makers perceive alternatively framed options as extensionally equivalent; and the related claim that framing effects are irrational. I end by suggesting that, whereas the modest lower bounding hypothesis is well supported, there is currently less evidence for the core element of the fuzzy trace account.

‘The Substance of the Faith’ A Clarification of the Concept in the Church of Scotland

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Torrance
Keyword(s):  
Church Of Scotland ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
Nicene Creed ◽  
Articles Of Faith ◽  
The Church

In determining the meaning of the expression ‘the substance of the Faith’, it seems right to go back to the act of the Scottish Parliament in 1690 which ratified the Westminster Confession of Faith ‘as the publick and avowed Confession of this Church, containing the summe and substance of the doctrine of the Reformed Churches.’ There the WCF was regarded as containing the sum and substance of some thirty Reformed Confessions, including the Scots Confession, the First and Second Helvetic Confessions. These confessions expressly acknowledged the ancient Catholic Creeds and Conciliar Statements of the Church, the Apostles Creed, the Nicene Creed, the Formulations of Ephesus and Chalcedon, and the so-called ‘Athanasian Creed’, and embodied all their main statements as essential articles of belief. This was true of the WCF which, as James Denney once pointed out, ‘contains everything that is in the Nicene Creed’ (Jesus and the Gospel, p. 39If). That is to say, there was no move away from what the Athanasian Creed and the Second Helvetic Confession called ‘the Catholic Faith’, although the basic articles of faith handed down through the Creeds were set within a confessional frame of distinctively Reformed character. It was inevitable, therefore, that a distinction was made between what Samuel Rutherford called (Due Right Presbyteries, p. 13) ‘a confession dejure, what everyman ought to believe, as the Nicene Creed, and the Creed of Athanasius’, and a wider summation of teaching common to ‘true Reformed Protestant religion’.

Recent Literature in Church HistoryDictionnaire d'archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie. R. P. dom Fernand CabrolDie nachevangelischen Geschicke der bethanischcn Geschwister und die Lazarus-reliquien zu Andlau. Jos. RietschLehrbuch der Kirchengeschichte. Wilhelm Moeller , Hans Von SchubertKirchengeschichte für das evangelische Haus. Friederich Baum , Christian GeyerLives and Legends of the Evangelists, Apostles, and Other Early Saints. Arthur BellDie Versagung der kirchlichen Bestattungsfeier, ihre geschichtliche Entwickelung und gegenwärtige Bedeutung. W. ThümmelDie nestorianische Taufliturgie ins Deutsche übersetzt und unter Verwertung der neusten handschriftlichen Funde historisch-kritisch erforscht. G. DiettrichThe Papal Monarchy. William BarryThe Dawn of the Reformation. Herbert B. WorkmanDer authentische Text der Leipziger Disputation (1519): Aus bisher unbenutzen Quellen. Otto SeitzDie evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Emil SehlingDie Geschichte der Reformation in Goslar; nach dem Berichte der Akten im stadtischen Archive dargestellt. Dr. HölscherJohann von Leiden. Seine Persönlichkeit und seine Stellung im münsterschen Reiche. Heinrich DetmerDas bayerische Religionsedikt vom 10. Januar, 1803, und die Anfänge der protestantischen Landeskirche in Bayern. Theodor KoldeThe Influence of Christianity upon National Character as Illustrated by the Lives and Legends of the English Saints. William Holden HuttonThe Journal of John Wesley. John WesleyThe Heart of John Wesley's Journal. John Wesley , Percy Livingstone ParkerJohn Wesley's Journal. John WesleyJohn Wesley the Methodist. Methodist PreacherMakers of Methodism. W. H. WithrowThe Roots of Methodism. W. B. FitzgeraldWesley and His Preachers: Their Conquest of Britain. G. Holden PikeMethodism in Canada: Its Work and Its Story. Alexander SutherlandMethodismus in Amerika: Separatabdruck aus der Realencyclopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche. J. L. NueslenThe Presbyterians. C. L. ThompsonA Short History of American Presbyterianism. A. T. McGill , S. M. Hopkins , S. J. WilsonThe Baptists. Henry C. VedderWhat Baptists Stand for; And Gleanings in the Field of Baptist History. Alfred PhillipsSainte Clotilde. C. PoulinFather Marquette. Samuel Hedges

1904 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-218
Author(s):  
Eri B. Hulbert ◽  
Franklin Johnson ◽  
John W. Moncrief ◽  
Charles L. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
National Character ◽  
John Wesley ◽  
Short History ◽  
Baptist History ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of

The Muslim and the Law: A Brunei Experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zabaidah Haji Kamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Core Element ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
The Law ◽  
Islamic Values

An Islamic system of governance is an ideal system, which is a tantalising objective for many Muslims but often times not achieved in practice. Countries may call themselves ‘Islamic’ but the core element of Islamicity, that of values such as compassion, equity and justice may not have breached the consciousness of their leaders and citizens. Sometimes it is individuals who act as the catalyst for sparking action. For a Muslim, it is his īmān that serves to light his conscience, and guiding him the dispensation of his everyday tasks within his organisation. This individualised īmān may at times serve as a small but critical factor tilting the different organisational functions of government towards integrations under an Islamic system of governance. This paper recounts the challenges of a Muslim engaging in legal issues in a non-Islamic context, seeking to help enable his organisation to undertake the role of incorporating non-Islamic law with Islamic values.

Non-Geographic Classes? Reformed Geography

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Leon van den Broeke
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Reformed Church In America ◽  
Theological Perspective ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
The Church

Abstract The Reformed Church in America is wrestling with an interesting question in ecclesiology and church order: is there a place within the church for so-called non-geographic classes. Non-geographic classes are classes which are not formed around a geographic regional principal, but by agreement in theological perspective or a peculiar way that a congregation is shaped. The question central to this article is then: is there a place in Reformed churches for non-geographical classes? In answering this question, the following will be considered: a similar proposal from the Gereformeerde Bond in the Netherlands Reformed Church in 1998; the geographic-regional principle; the Walloon Classis; the Classis of Holland; the Reformed Church in America; Flying, diocesan and titular bishops and finally a conclusion.

Closing the ‘blue hole’: Maritime history as a core element of historical research

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Ingo Heidbrink
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
International Congress ◽  
Global History ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Core Element ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blue Hole

The articles in this Forum are revised versions of papers presented in a roundtable session of the XXII International Congress of Historical Sciences, which was held in Jinan, China, during August 2015. In line with the roundtable format deployed by the congress, a broad proposition was introduced in the opening paper, followed by four responses delivered by experts in the field and a plenary discussion of the issues raised by the speakers. In this session, the proponent, Ingo Heidbrink, discussed the development of maritime history as a historical sub-discipline in relation to the emergence of world (and global) history. Particular attention was afforded to the comparative growth rates of these cognate sub-disciplines, and to the reasons why maritime history has expanded relatively slowly, leading to the emergence of a ‘blue hole’ in our knowledge and understanding of the past. The four respondents then addressed the issues raised by Heidbrink from their own disciplinary and regional perspectives. As Heidbrink’s ‘Concluding Remarks’ indicate, all participants agreed that, in itself, the allocation of a session to this subject on the core programme of the congress was a significant recognition that maritime history is a historical sub-discipline that is of relevance to the wider global community of historians, and not just those who are interested in the interaction of humans and the oceans.

scholarly journals International Student Mobility

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Rashim Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
International Students ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Internationalization Of Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Core Element ◽  
International Student Mobility ◽  
The Core

International student mobility is the core element of the internationalization of higher education. In recent years, a significant change has been observed in the outlook of individuals which is giving a boost to this phenomenon. Within this context, the present chapter analyzed the phenomenon of international student mobility through different approaches by providing critical outlook. An attempt has been made to list the important determinants which influence the decision-making process of international students.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document