scholarly journals From Turks and Renegades to Citizens and Radicals : The Historical Trajectories of ‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ Muslims in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Martijn de Koning
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
Transnational Movements ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch History

Abstract In contemporary debates on religion and multiculturalism in the Netherlands, Islam is hypervisible as a ‘problem' originating from outside Europe ‐ the discussion of which draws a clear distinction between the ‘good’ and ‘bad’ Muslims. Yet, at the same time, almost no reference is made to the Dutch history of Islam and Muslims prior to World War II. Based on a study of the literature on the history of Islam and the Netherlands during the 16th and 17th centuries and covering the colonial rule of Indonesia and the rise of Indonesian communities in the Netherlands during the interwar period, I trace how the distinction between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ Muslims resonates throughout Dutch history. I show how the trope of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ Muslims can be found in different, and sometimes contradictory ways and was determined by the local and global interests of the ruling elites and their desire to maintain peace and order to prevent politically dissenting Islamic ideas and transnational movements from influencing local Muslims.

scholarly journals A history of the city written in a map – cartography as the mirror of socio-political events in Gdańsk in the years of 1918–1939

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bień
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A cartographic map of Gdańsk in the years of 1918&amp;ndash;1939 was very different from the other maps of Polish cities. The reasons for some differences were, among others, the proximity of the sea, the multicultural mindset of the inhabitants of Gdańsk from that period, and some historical events in the interwar period (the founding of the Free City of Gdańsk and the events preceding World War II). Its uniqueness came from the fact that the city of Gdańsk combined the styles of Prussian and Polish housing, as well as form the fact that its inhabitants felt the need for autonomy from the Second Polish Republic. The city aspired to be politically, socially and economically independent.</p><p>The aim of my presentation is to analyze the cartographic maps of Gdańsk, including the changes that had been made in the years of 1918&amp;ndash;1939. I will also comment on the reasons of those changes, on their socio-historical effects on the city, the whole country and Europe.</p>

You're a Better Filipino than I Am, John Wayne: World War II, Hollywood, and U.S.-Philippines Relations

2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles V. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
World War ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Between 1939 and 1945 several Hollywood studios produced significant films set in the war-torn Philippines, including Bataan (MGM, 1943), So Proudly We Hail (Paramount, 1943),and Back to Bataan (RKO,1943). Although these films immediately preceded Philippines independence in 1946, they do not position the Philippines as a soon-to-be autonomous nation. Instead, these films reaffirm, and even celebrate, the unequal colonial power relationship that marked the history of U.S. occupation of the archipelago. A careful reading of these films, which is the subject of this article, reveals the stamina of this colonial ideology (colonial uplift, tutelage, and nation-building) that legitimized U.S. colonial rule in the Phillapines and dates back to the turn of the century. What the perpetuation of this ideology suggests is the postwar neocolonial relationship between the two nations that U.S. government officials anticipated. This revised neocolonial ideology is expressed through the racialized and gendered images of Filipino characters and their interaction with U.S. American characters. The U.S. government attempted to control such images as part of its wartime propaganda, but had to rely on the voluntary compliance of the major Hollywood studios. While the Filipinos in films like Back to Bataan, made at the war's end, appear to challenge the racist stereotypes of prior films, they are re-inscribed by a neocolonial form of U.S. supremacy—— framed as wartime U.S. guidance and Filipino dependency.

scholarly journals Polsko-rumuńskie konferencje w Suczawie

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nowak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Romanian Literature

From 1999 Polish and Romanian humanists face each other on conferences in Suceava (Romanian Bucovina) which are part of “Polish Days” in Romania organized by the Association of Poles in Romania. Polish and Romanian historians, ethnographers, sociologists, politologists and linguists deliver lectures and discuss Polish-Romanian contacts and relations in the past and present. from the Polish part many historical lectures concern the interwar period and the problem of Polish refugees in Romania during the World War II. In the period between1918–1945 the relations between Poles and Romanians were rather friendly and now these topics are discussed most frequently. Among the Romanian historians there are more specialists on the relations between Moldova and the Polish Kingdom till the end of 18th century. Many historians focus on the Polish-Romanian relations in the years 1945–1989. Most of the lectures concerning the political present were delivered by the Poles. Cultural sections of the conference concentrate on mutual language influences, Polish–Romanian literature contacts, translations of Polish literature into Romania and Romanian literature into Poland, the analyses of literary works, Polish studies in Romania and Romanian studies in Poland, the perception of Romanian culture among the Poles and vice versa, the problems of religions, education, libraries, music and tourism. Polish etnographers concentrate on the problems of Polish Bucovinians but the most discussed subject is not the history of Polish Bucovinians but their local dialect. Most of the conference lectures were printed. “Polish Days” in Suceava are the most important event organized by the very active Association of Poles in Romania and they help breaking the stereotypes and enhance the integration between the Poles and Romanians.. In general the conferences in Suceava do not have their equivalent in the contacts between humanists of other countries.

Measurements in the Future: Beyond the 20th Century

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Merenda
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
North America ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Psychological Testing ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

This article presents a brief history of psychometrics and the development in the USA shortly after the end of World War II of university graduate programs to educate and train psychometricians. Three decades later these programs in North America were on a steady decline. But, at the same time there was a surge in universities abroad in producing well-trained psychometricians, particularly in Western European countries, especially The Netherlands. Broad implications of the effect of this movement on psychological testing are suggested.

scholarly journals Seventy years of the Section for the history of medicine of the Serbian medical society

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Zoran Vacić
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Period

This paper covers the forming of the Serbian Medical Society sections in the period until 1950, as well as the amendments made to the Rules of the Serbian Medical Society in 1919 and 1928. Prior to World War I, the Section for Tuberculosis was formed (1907). In the interwar period, seven specialist sections and one class section (Section of District Doctors for Belgrade, Zemun and Pančevo, 1931) were formed. After World War II, led by the all-pervasive enthusiasm in society of that time and the need for renewing and rebuilding all life segments in socialist Yugoslavia, new sections and regional branches of the Serbian Medical Society were established. The Section for the History of Medicine and Pharmacy was founded as the 16th section of the Serbian Medical Society, in 1950, and, in 1980, its name was changed to - Section for the History of Medicine. The first meeting of the Section was held on March 29, 1950. Professor Vladimir Stanojević, PhD, Medical Corps General, was elected the first President of the Section. The first lecture, delivered by Professor Aleksandar Đ. Kostić (Jedan stogodišnji srpski leksikon), is also described briefly in this paper. During its 70 years of work, the Section has experienced periods of rise and fall in its activity; while there has been formal continuity in its work, activity has been irregular (the regularity of the meetings, the number of communications, etc.), which is why its history can be divided into four periods. The Section achieved its best results in the first (1950-1978) and in its fourth (2009-2020) period. The second period (1978-1993) was characterized by a decrease in activity, while the third (1993-2009) was a period of complete inactivity. The Section had a fruitful publishing activity during the first and the fourth period. It was voted the best section of the Serbian Medical society twice - in 2016 and 2017.

scholarly journals "Za Krakowską Bramę rzadko się człowiek wypuszczał…"

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1(58)) ◽  
pp. 361-376
Author(s):  
Marta Kubiszyn
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Shared Memory ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communal Institutions ◽  
The City

"One Would Rarely Venture behind the Krakowska Gate…": Imaginary Boundaries of the Jewish District in Lublin in Memories of Pre‑war Inhabitants Up until the World War II, Jews played an important role in the history of Lublin. At least since the 16th century, Jews had lived in the segregated district of Podzamcze, called the “Jewish Town”. Although they started to inhabit the Old Town in 1862 and eventually lived in all parts of Lublin by the interwar period, the former boundaries between the “Jewish” and “Christian” parts of the city remained strongly imprinted in social memory, affecting everyday existence. This article analyses the imaginary boundaries that delineated the “Jewish” district of Lublin in the pre‑World War II period. Drawing on oral testimonies of Christian residents of the city recorded in years 1998‑2005 and archival materials such as articles from local papers, documents of communal institutions, and photos from the 1920s and 1930s, the opposing categories of “ours” and “theirs” have been used to describe social relations in urban space. The author of the article argues that the persistence of segregation in shared memory is expressed not only in visual forms, but it also has sound, smell and taste dimensions.

scholarly journals Moralities of Consumption in Poland across the Short Twentieth Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (02) ◽  
pp. 393-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Deep Crisis

Participating in the broader history of consumer mobilization for egalitarian regimes of consumption, this article unpacks the shifting meanings of egalitarian moralities of consumption in the specific case of Poland across the twentieth century. It reveals how important the role of social justice would become in attempts to impose state-centered social welfare over profit-oriented self-welfare between the interwar period and the demise of Communism. During this time, the meaning of profiteering changed significantly. While food conflicts during the interwar period and World War II were organized predominantly along ethnic lines, by the beginning of the postwar era, the notion of the profit-oriented middleman relied on the category of class as well as ethnicity to support a vision of Poland as a Communist, ethnically homogenized nation-state. In the 1950s and the 1960s, anti-profiteering rhetoric became increasingly gendered, as the food conflicts moved from an ideological crusade against private trade to everyday confrontations between the consumers and female shop assistants. When the Soviet Bloc ran into deep crisis in the 1970s and 1980s, self-welfare and family-centered resourcefulness resurfaced as legitimate norms of distributive justice, which contributed to dismantling the Socialist welfare state altogether.

Embracing Defeat in Seoul: Rethinking Decolonization in Korea, 1945

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Watt
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Social History ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
American Military ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Residents ◽  
The Cold War

Revisiting the political and social history of Seoul, Korea, in 1945, this article assesses responses to Japanese defeat and the end of empire in the context of American military occupation. The arrival of the Americans forced Japanese and Koreans alike to rethink their positions in the world. Drawing on past colonial practices, Japanese residents used the immediate post-surrender moment to ponder their future prospects, recording those thoughts in a number of public and private sources. They negotiated the passage from a colonial to a post-imperial society, I argue, by embracing a consciousness of a defeated people while disregarding criticisms of colonial rule. This investigation seeks to interpret the immediate post-World War II moment in Seoul less as a founding moment of the Cold War and more as an important transition in the history of decolonization.

scholarly journals Multicultural Galicia in American Popular Memory: Reflections on the Film Three Stories of Galicia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (26) ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
Andrew Kier Wise
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
World War ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Popular Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Racial America

This article deals with 21st-century American perceptions of the multicultural history of Galicia, especially during the interwar period, World War II and the Holocaust. The author primarily examines select books, articles and films that target a broad American audience. In particular, the film Three Stories of Galicia (2010) is analyzed, with a focus on the ways in which American audiences helped shape the directors’ creative process. The Galician stories in the film thus became “Americanized” and “universalized” models for efforts at reconciliation in other troubled multicultural societies. The author also concludes that the “myth of Galicia” featuring the peaceful coexistence of peoples resonates especially with readers and viewers who envision a “post-racial America.” [Wielokulturowa Galicja w amerykańskiej pamięci popularnej: Refleksje nad filmem „Trzy historie Galicji”] Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy amerykańskiego postrzegania wielokulturowej historii Galicji w XXI wieku, zwłaszcza okresu międzywojennego, czasu II wojny światowej i Holokaustu. Autor analizuje przede wszystkim wybrane książki, artykuły i filmy skierowane do szerokiego amerykańskiego odbiorcy. W sposób szczególny analizie został poddany film Trzy historie Galicji (2010), z naciskiem na sposób, w jaki amerykańska publiczność pomogła ukształtować proces twórczy reżyserów. Historie galicyjskie w filmie stały się w ten sposób „zamerykanizowanymi” i „uniwersalizowanymi” modelami wysiłków na rzecz pojednania w innych nękanych konfliktami społeczeństwach wielokulturowych. Autor konkluduje również, że „mit Galicji” o pokojowym współistnieniu narodów trafia zwłaszcza do czytelników i widzów, którzy pragnęliby Ameryki „postrasowej”.

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

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