Sector Tree-Based Clustering for Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duy Tan ◽  
Vu Khanh Quy ◽  
Pham Ngoc Hung ◽  
Le Van Vinh
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Mixed Distance

One of the main challenges for researchers to build routing protocols is how to use energy efficiently to extend the lifespan of the whole wireless sensor networks (WSN) because sensor nodes have limited battery power resources. In this work, we propose a Sector Tree-Based clustering routing protocol (STB-EE) for Energy Efficiency to cope with this problem, where the entire network area is partitioned into dynamic sectors (clusters), which balance the number of alive nodes. The nodes in each sector only communicate with their nearest neighbour by constructing a minimum tree based on the Kruskal algorithm and using mixed distance from candidate node to base station (BS) and remaining energy of candidate nodes to determine which node will become the cluster head (CH) in each cluster? By calculating the duration of time in each round for suitability, STB-EE increases the number of data packets sent to the BS. Our simulation results show that the network lifespan using STB-EE can be improved by about 16% and 10% in comparison to power-efficient gathering in sensor information system (PEGASIS) and energy-efficient PEGASIS-based protocol (IEEPB), respectively.

An Advanced Tree Based Energy Routing Protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Sonam Ashok Kamble ◽  
Dilip S. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Life Work ◽  
Energy Routing

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of hundreds to thousands of sensor nodes, working in any physical environment, and having sensing, computation and communication capabilities. Each sensor node in WSN is capable of communicating with each other and the base station (BS) for the purpose of data integration and dissemination. As the battery replacement is not easy for WSN with thousands of physically embedded nodes, energy conservation becomes one of the most important challenges in WSNs. And hence there is a need for energy efficient routing protocol to offer a long-life work time. In this paper, we propose an Advanced Tree Based Energy Routing Protocol.  In this protocol for each round BS assigns a root node and broadcasts this selection to all sensor nodes. And then each node selects its parent by considering itself and its neighbour’s information, thus making it a dynamic protocol. It is a hierarchical protocol of WSN which increases the lifetime of network by using the energy of the network by using the energy of the network in an efficient way.

scholarly journals Some aspects of Routing Protocols at Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 6654-6658
Author(s):  
Irfan Shaqiri ◽  
Aristotel Tentov
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

In this paper we give an overview of some routing protocols which can improve the efficiency and scalability of wireless sensor networks. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network consisting of ten to thousand small nodes with sensing, computing and wireless communication capabilities. WSN are generally used to monitor activities and report events, such as pollution parameters, healthcare issues, fire info etc. in a specific area or environment. It routs data back to the Base Station (BS). Data transmission is usually a multi-hop from node to node towards the BS. This type of networks is limited in power, computational and communication bandwidth. The main goal of all researchers is to find out the energy efficient routing protocol which will improve considerably networks resources in term of prolonging lifetime of sensor nodes. Also we highlight the various routing protocol with advantages and limitations as well. 

A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Yugashree Bhadane ◽  
Pooja Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

Power Layer Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network (PLRP)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardjoeni Moedjiono ◽  
Aries Kusdaryono
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Preserving energy of sensor node in wireless sensor network is an effort to prolong the lifetime of network. Energy of sensor node is very crucial because battery powered and irreplaceable. Energy conservation of sensor node is an effort to reduce energy consumption in order to preserve resource for network lifetime. It can be achieved through efficient energy usage by reducing consumption of energy or decrease energy usage while achieving a similar outcome. In this paper, the authors propose power layer energy efficient routing protocol in wireless sensor network, named PLRP, which use power control and multi-hop routing protocol to control overhead of sensor node and create clustering to distribute energy dissipation and increase energy efficiency of all sensor node. The main idea of PLRP is the use of power control, which divide sensor node into group by base station uses layer of energy and maximize the computation energy in base station to reduce computational energy in sensor node for conservation of network lifetime. The performance of PLRP compared to BCDCP and BIDRP based of hierarchical routing protocol. The simulation results show that PLRP achieve 25% and 30% of improvement on network lifetime.

scholarly journals A PSO-Based Uneven Dynamic Clustering Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruan ◽  
Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Clustering ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Since wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are powered by energy-constrained batteries, many energy-efficient routing protocols have been proposed to extend the network lifetime. However, most of the protocols do not well balance the energy consumption of the WSNs. The hotspot problem caused by unbalanced energy consumption in the WSNs reduces the network lifetime. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-based uneven dynamic clustering multi-hop routing protocol (PUDCRP). In the PUDCRP protocol, the distribution of the clusters will change dynamically when some nodes fail. The PSO algorithm is used to determine the area where the candidate CH (cluster head) nodes are located. The adaptive clustering method based on node distribution makes the cluster distribution more reasonable, which balances the energy consumption of the network more effectively. In order to improve the energy efficiency of multi-hop transmission between the BS (Base Station) and CH nodes, we also propose a connecting line aided route construction method to determine the most appropriate next hop. Compared with UCCGRA, multi-hop EEBCDA, EEMRP, CAMP, PSO-ECHS and PSO-SD, PUDCRP prolongs the network lifetime by between 7.36% and 74.21%. The protocol significantly balances the energy consumption of the network and has better scalability for various sizes of network.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Baniata ◽  
Jiman Hong
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor

The recent advances in sensing and communication technologies such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) have enabled low-priced distributed monitoring systems that are the foundation of smart cities. These advances are also helping to monitor smart cities and making our living environments workable. However, sensor nodes are constrained in energy supply if they have no constant power supply. Moreover, communication links can be easily failed because of unequal node energy depletion. The energy constraints and link failures affect the performance and quality of the sensor network. Therefore, designing a routing protocol that minimizes energy consumption and maximizes the network lifetime should be considered in the design of the routing protocol for WSN. In this paper, we propose an Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering (EEUCLC) protocol which has a suboptimal multihop routing algorithm to reduce the burden on the cluster head and a probability-based cluster head selection algorithm to prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the EEUCLC mechanism enhanced the energy balance and prolonged the network lifetime compared to other related protocols.

Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network for Industrial Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 579-580 ◽  
pp. 732-739
Author(s):  
Zhi Yan Ma ◽  
Guang You Yang ◽  
Jing Jing Zhou ◽  
Xiong Gan
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Leach Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering

An energy-efficient wireless sensor routing protocol (Energy-efficient clustering hierarchy routing protocol, EECH) for industrial field is proposed based on LEACH protocol according to the energy inefficiency of existing routing protocols and the characteristics of industrial field applications. The EECH protocol takes full advantages of the node clustering and time slot distribution in LEACH and implements the functions such as clustering, multi hop time slot distribution, node sleeping and data gathering. The cluster heads can be evenly distributed in the area with the geography location information of the wireless nodes, so that the optimal data gathering path can be established. Meanwhile, the EECH protocol can reduce the conflict in data receiving/transmitting and the energy consumption of the nodes, and extend the network lifetime through the multi hop time slot distribution and node sleep mechanism. The simulation results have shown that the death time of the first node in EECH protocol is extended double time than that of LEACH protocol. When most of the nodes dies, the amount of received data of the base station node is more than twice as much as the LEACH protocol, which has verified the energy efficiency characteristic of the EECH protocol.

scholarly journals Investigation of energy efficient protocols based on stable clustering for enhancing lifetime in heterogeneous WSNs

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2643-2651
Author(s):  
Noor Alhuda F. Abbas ◽  
Jaber H. Majeed ◽  
Waleed Khalid Al-Azzawi ◽  
Adnan Hussein Ali
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

There are certain challenges faced with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) performances, consumption can be seen amongst all these challenges as a serious area of research. Data from sensor nodes are transmitted by most WSN energy either among many nodes or to the base station (BS), and due this connection, several routing protocols were developed for supporting in data transmission in the WSNs. Extending network lifetime in an operational environment is the major objective of the wireless sensor network. Charging or exchanging sensor node batteries is almost impossible. Energy balancing and energy efficiency are significant research scopes as per designing of routing protocols aimed at self-organized WSNs. A heterogeneous WSN is one where every node has different amount of energy linked to it before it is deployed in a network. Therefore, different energy efficient routing protocols have been proposed which enables lesser consumption of energy, longer stability period which leads to the network lifetime increasing. In this study, the average energy of a WSN is computed after every logical round of operation for our protocol-HPEEA and compare it with two well-known heterogeneous protocols namely-SEP and CCS. At the end of the considered number of logical operations, MATLAB with simulation results confirm that HPEEA protocol have a reduction in the energy consumption compared to other protocols.

scholarly journals RMEER: Reliable Multi-path Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Mukhtiar Ahmed ◽  
Mazleena Salleh ◽  
M. Ibrahim Channa ◽  
Mohd Foad Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Forwarding ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Efficient Route

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is interesting area for researchers.To extract the information from seabed to water surface the the majority numbers of routing protocols has been introduced. The design of routing protocols faces many challenges like deployment of sensor nodes, controlling of node mobility, development of efficient route for data forwarding, prolong the battery power of the sensor nodes, and removal of void nodes from active data forwarding paths. This research article focuses the design of the Reliable Multipath Energy Efficient Routing (RMEER) which develops the efficient route between sensor nodes, and prolongs the battery life of the nodes. RMEER is a scalable and robust protocol which utilizes the powerful fixed courier nodes in order to enhance the network throughput, data delivery ratio, network lifetime and reduces the end-to-end delay. RMEER is also an energy efficient routing protocol for saving the energy level of the nodes. We have used the NS2.30 simulator with AquaSim package for performance analysis of RMEER.We observed that the simulation performance of RMEER is better than D-DBR protocol.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR INCREASING LIFETIME OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
Tanya Pathak ◽  
Vinay Kumar Singh ◽  
Anurag Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

In the recent years, an efficient design of a Wireless Sensor Network has become important in the area of research. The major challenges in the design of Wireless Sensor Network is to improve the network lifetime. The main difficulty for sensor node is to survive in that monitoring area for the longer time that means there is a need to increase the lifetime of the sensor nodes by optimizing the energy and distance. There are various existing routing protocols in which optimal routing can be achieved like Data-Centric, Hierarchical and Location-based routing protocols. In this paper, new power efficient routing protocol is being proposed that not only select the shortest path between the source node and sink node for data transmission but also maximizes the lifetime of the participating nodes by selecting the best path for sending the data packet across the network. The main objective of this research is to develop a faster algorithm to find the energy efficient route for Wireless Sensor Network. Simulation results shows that this strategy achieves long network lifetime when compared to the other standard protocols.

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