scholarly journals Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity Challenges: IoT in Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Akwetey Henry Matey ◽  
Paul Danquah ◽  
Godfred Yaw Koi-Akrofi ◽  
Isaac Asampana
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Rapid Deployment ◽  
The Internet Of Things

A technology platform that is gradually bridging the gap between object visibility and remote accessibility is the Internet of Things (IoT). Rapid deployment of this application can significantly transform the health, housing, and power (distribution and generation) sectors, etc. It has considerably changed the power sector regarding operations, services optimization, power distribution, asset management and aided in engaging customers to reduce energy consumption. Despite its societal opportunities and the benefits it presents, the power generation sector is bedeviled with many security challenges on the critical infrastructure. This review discusses the security challenges posed by IoT in power generation and critical infrastructure. To achieve this, the authors present the various IoT applications, particularly on the grid infrastructure, from an empirical literature perspective. The authors concluded by discussing how the various entities in the sector can overcome these security challenges to ensure an exemplary future IoT implementation on the power critical infrastructure value chain.

scholarly journals Critical Integrated Evaluation of State Power Entities Performance and Operational Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Bala Dewatwal
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Distribution Sector ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Power sector is considered a key segment for accelerating economic and social growth in India. It has registered significant growth in recent past and has potential to transform the economy. An uninterrupted and quality power supply is the need of the hour. Amongst the three major channels of power sector i.e. generation, transmission and distribution, the distribution Sector has direct interface with the end consumers and is accountable for consumer satisfaction and also for flow of revenues in the entire value chain of Power Sector. Thus, distribution Sector plays a vital role in sustenance as well as growth. But in present scenario is plagued by poor financial health, imbalance in demand and supply, heavy transmission and distribution losses, poor billing and collection and operational and cost inefficiencies. Also consumers also faces problems like high frequency of power cuts, low and fluctuating voltage, lack of responsiveness of service providers and inadequate grievance redressal mechanism. Thus the major concern for power sector is the declining efficiency of the distribution sector and therefore a real challenge today lies in efficient management of the distribution entities. In order to bring improvements in power distribution sector, government has initiated several plans. Reforms have been under way in the power sector for making it efficient and more competitive. Formulation of integrated rating methodology is one major step to bring improvements in the performance of distribution utilities and a tool for quality assessment

scholarly journals Nigerian Power Sector: A new structure required for effective and adequate power generation, transmission and distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 06-018
Author(s):  
Ebigenibo Genuine Saturday
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
State Government ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

In this paper, the structure of the Nigerian power sector is examined, the problems in the structure are identified and a new structure is proposed for effective power generation, transmission and distribution. Besides the problems usually canvassed, the current structure is defective from the perspective of the ownership of the power infrastructures, passive involvement of state governments and undue influence of the federal government. The reforms in the sector were driven by the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) of 2005, leading to the creation of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to take both the assets and the liabilities of the then National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), and the subsequent unbundling of PHCN to 18 successor companies – 6 power generating companies, one power transmission company and 11 power distribution companies. The new structure proposed in this work gives room for every state government to own power plants and distribute power in the various states. They can equally buy power from independent power producers. Power plants owned by the federal government in the present structure are to continue sending power to the national grid and made available to states with insufficient power generation in the new structure. Independent power producers can also send power to the national grid. The federal government will continue managing power transmission in the new structure. Each state government will own at least two power distribution companies in partnership with private organizations who will equally have a stake in the ownership of the power generating plants. The tariff of grid-connected power will be higher, encouraging states to go into active power generation. The new structure will enable the federal government to do away with rural electrification programme and other power generation options regulated by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission which should be under the control of various state governments. New laws are needed in the place of the EPSRA to achieve the new structure. The federal government will make money from the proposed structure instead of spending huge sums of money in the present structure.

scholarly journals Attack Categorisation for IoT Applications in Critical Infrastructures, a Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7228
Author(s):  
Edward Staddon ◽  
Valeria Loscri ◽  
Nathalie Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
War Zone ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Do So

With the ever advancing expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) into our everyday lives, the number of attack possibilities increases. Furthermore, with the incorporation of the IoT into Critical Infrastructure (CI) hardware and applications, the protection of not only the systems but the citizens themselves has become paramount. To do so, specialists must be able to gain a foothold in the ongoing cyber attack war-zone. By organising the various attacks against their systems, these specialists can not only gain a quick overview of what they might expect but also gain knowledge into the specifications of the attacks based on the categorisation method used. This paper presents a glimpse into the area of IoT Critical Infrastructure security as well as an overview and analysis of attack categorisation methodologies in the context of wireless IoT-based Critical Infrastructure applications. We believe this can be a guide to aid further researchers in their choice of adapted categorisation approaches. Indeed, adapting appropriated categorisation leads to a quicker attack detection, identification, and recovery. It is, thus, paramount to have a clear vision of the threat landscapes of a specific system.

The Security Risks and Challenges of 5G Communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Young B. Choi ◽  
Matthew E. Bunn
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Automated Manufacturing ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
The Internet Of Things

With the introduction of the 5th generation of wireless systems and communications (5G) comes new risks and challenges. This paper explores the potential security challenges of 5G communication compared with legacy cellular networks and prior generations of communication standards. This paper defines what 5G is and how it affects our lives on a daily basis. It further discusses the new security features involving different technologies applied to 5G, such as heterogeneous networks, device-to-device communications, massive multiple-input multiple-output, software-defined networks, and the internet of things, including autonomous cars, healthcare, automated manufacturing, and more.

The future of the Internet of Things: toward heterarchical ecosystems and service business models

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Leminen ◽  
Mervi Rajahonka ◽  
Mika Westerlund ◽  
Robert Wendelin
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Purpose This study aims to understand their emergence and types of business models in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach The paper builds upon a systematic literature review of IoT ecosystems and business models to construct a conceptual framework on IoT business models, and uses qualitative research methods to analyze seven industry cases. Findings The study identifies four types of IoT business models: value chain efficiency, industry collaboration, horizontal market and platform. Moreover, it discusses three evolutionary paths of new business model emergence: opening up the ecosystem for industry collaboration, replicating the solution in multiple services and return to closed ecosystem as technology matures. Research limitations/implications Identifying business models in rapidly evolving fields such as the IoT based on a small number of case studies may result in biased findings compared to large-scale surveys and globally distributed samples. However, it provides more thorough interpretations. Practical implications The study provides a framework for analyzing the types and emergence of IoT business models, and forwards the concept of “value design” as an ecosystem business model. Originality/value This paper identifies four archetypical IoT business models based on a novel framework that is independent of any specific industry, and argues that IoT business models follow an evolutionary path from closed to open, and reversely to closed ecosystems, and the value created in the networks of organizations and things will be shareable value rather than exchange value.

The rise of ransomware and emerging security challenges in the Internet of Things

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 444-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrar Yaqoob ◽  
Ejaz Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Habib ur Rehman ◽  
Abdelmuttlib Ibrahim Abdalla Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Ali Al-garadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Internet Of Things

scholarly journals Effect of Grid Instability on Power Generation System's Reliability

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Joseph Benedict Bassey ◽  
Isaac F. Odesola
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Mean Time

Aims: Reliability assessment of power generation system may be performed with the concept of system adequacy, security or both. Grid being a major component in the power distribution chain is seen to have some influence on the state of the generation system reliability because of the perturbation that may arise from it. In this study, the generation system reliability is evaluated using both the system adequacy and security concept. Study Design: To capture the system security problems attributed to grid disturbance, the generation system is structured into two component systems (1 - generation component and 2 - transmission component) with a series arrangement. Methodology: The reliability indices such as, mean time to failure, mean time to repair, failure rate and repair rate are assessed on component bases and with respect to the entire generation system. Results: The effect of failure rate of the transmission component on the entire generation system failure rate was evaluated as 66.25%, 55.55%, 33.33%, 55.00% and 35.72% in year 2013, 2014, 2017 2018 and 2019 respectively for FIPL Power Plant and 52.94%, 82.35%, 61.38% and 100% effect was evaluated in the year 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively for GT5 of Omoku Power Plant. Conclusion: These results showed that there is a significant influence of grid disturbances on the reliability state of the two gas turbine power plants in Nigeria. Measures on possible reliability state improvement of the power generation systems were suggested to include training and retraining of technical personnel on the management of major equipment in the generation and transmission stations. 

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