scholarly journals What Determines Employment in the Formal and Informal Sectors of Pakistan? Primary Data Insights from Lahore

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ayyoub ◽  
Durdana Qaiser Gillani
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

In developing countries, despite the fact that a larger part of GDP is generated by the formal sector, most people earn and spend their lives in the informal sector. We identify the determinants of formal and informal sectors’ employment in the urban areas of district Lahore, by conducting a household survey in 2015. The multinomial logit model is used to analyze the data obtained from a sample of 309 workers. Our results indicate that personal, socio-economic and household factors are essential for regulating employment in both sectors. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence that employment in the sectors in question is significantly determined by the level of higher education, age, working experience of individuals, marital status, sound educational background of the parents of workers, the number of dependents and the presence of assets. The study also provides the policy framework to channelize employment opportunities in the urban labor market and advises the government to enhance the growth potential of workers by expediting the provision of higher education and other skill acquisition initiatives.

scholarly journals Communication Network Structure in Building Environmentally Friendly Behavior (The Case of a Dense Community in Bogor City)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Megafirmawanti Lasinta ◽  
Nurmala Katrina Pandjaitan ◽  
Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
The Government

Efforts to solve environmental pollution in densely populated communities in urban areas are not only the responsibility of the government. Communities as part of social system also have an important role to control the environmental impacts of pollution. One way that community members must do in reducing environmental damage is familiarize environmentally friendly behavior. This research focuses on the analysis of environmentally friendly behavior of Pulo Geulis community members in Bogor City. Pulo Geulis is a Delta in the middle of the Ciliwung River which more or less contributes to whether or not the Ciliwung River is polluted in Bogor City. The communication process is an important factor in changing individual behavior. This study aimed to analyze the structure of community communication networks in developing environmentally friendly behavior. Primary data was obtained through a survey of 100 respondents and in-depth interviews with several informants. Data were analyzed using sociometric methods. The results of sociometric analysis showed that the structure of the community communication network in building community-friendly behavior is a radial personal network. This structure illustrated that community information centers are located in certain individuals such as head of RW, head of RT, or Posyandu cadres. The radial personal network in this study also described the formation of clique, star, bridge, and isolates in the community communication network at Pulo Geulis.

scholarly journals Devotionalism in Diversity: The Islamic Paradigm in Multiculturalism in Langsa-Aceh Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Iqbal Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Muslim Students ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Level Of Agreement

This article is the result of a study that discusses the paradigm of Langsa Aceh scholars (Islamic scholars) to overcome multiculturalism. This study also reveals the consistency of the agreement of Islamic scholars regarding exclusivity and inclusiveness; prevent the emergence of radicalism in the Islamic community, especially the urban areas of Langsa in Aceh. It discusses the phenomenon of recent recruitment by "brainwashing" in younger students because they filled with certain radicalistic ideologies. The teachings of Islamic education are more about claiming the truth of the religion itself and consider religion as the only one to achieve salvation (emphasizing claims of self-truth and safety). This research is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical application. Primary data obtained from in-depth interviews with sources of religious leaders, lecturers of Islamic Higher Education, teachers, non-Muslim students, and community elements. Reliability of piety in diversity and the paradigm of multiculturalism converted to statistical equations. Mathematical equations applied to the Cohen Kappa coefficient (a measure of authenticity) and measured between exclusivity and inclusiveness with the claims of self-righteousness and the safety paradigm of Islamic scholars. The level of agreement between the instruments assessed illustrates the reliability between assessors -IRR- the results of the informant's interview level of consensus are identified between the safety of the results of the consistency of the contract between piety and exclusivity, because self-claims show "lack" (kappa, 0.20-0.41) , while the agreement between service and safety is "very good" (kappa 0.81-0.90). With inter-assessor reliability, K = 0.89 with an extraordinary category.

scholarly journals Addressing the Affordable Housing Challenges for Urban Poor in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (IV) ◽  
pp. 416-433
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Zafar ◽  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Beenish Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Squatter Settlements ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Government

The rapid growth of urbanization has resulted in tremendous pressure on housing in urban areas, particularly for middle- and lower-income groups. The formal sector has been unable to cater to the affordable housing demand, particularly for urban poor. Islamabad is the planned city and capital of Pakistan; its development started in 1960. A number of squatter settlements have emerged in this planned city which are increasing with the passage of time. The government of Pakistan, realizing the gravity of the problem, started various programs and approached at different times to address this issue. This paper discusses various international and national approaches in this context. Squatter settlements in Islamabad have been visited, and field data were collected through a survey from France Colony Sector F-7/4, Islamabad and recommendations have been suggested in the light of international practices.

scholarly journals The effects of higher education and financial literacy to pro-environmental behavior in women community

2020 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Donna Asteria ◽  
Habibulah Adi Negoro ◽  
Dyah Utari
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Essential Information

It is assumed that efforts to overcome environmental problems in urban areas can be overcome through education. The education provided to women will increase women’s contributions as strategic actors in environmental management. This study aimed to determine the effect of formal education and financial education on women on pro-environmental behavior. The research was conducted with a quantitative approach, with a survey by questionnaire to measure pro-environmental education and behavior based on women’s participation in waste management training. The primary data collection with purposive sampling to women population in Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta, Indonesia, where fair women who were recorded in essential information collection. The study has been driven on a person-level (not family level), with a total of 400 respondents. The findings in this study are that there is a significant relationship between formal education in higher education and women’s involvement in environmental management. Meanwhile, the relationship between financial literacy and environmental concerns shows insignificant results. The implication of this research is to provide alternative strategies to increase the involvement of women in urban areas in environmental management, especially waste management, through policies of equal access to higher education and equal opportunities in economic activities to improve their welfare.

scholarly journals Mengevaluasi Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Program Kota Tanpa Kumuh (Studi Kasus pada Wilayah Kota Langsa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-213
Author(s):  
Safrizal Safrizal ◽  
Safuridar Safuridar ◽  
Muhammad Fuad
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
City Community ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Slum Areas

Population growth and development can lead to excesses for the emergence of slum areas, which are often seen as a potential problem in urban areas. To reduce the problems of housing and slum areas, one of the government programs is the City Without Slum (in Indonesia called KOTAKU) program. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the program in Langsa City and identify the inhibiting factors of this program. 166 respondents were all village chiefs in Langsa City, community members who were directly or indirectly involved in the program, as well as other stakeholders. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire. The effectiveness evaluation is calculated using the mean value as a percentage of each indicator. The results found that the KOTAKU program was considered effective as an effort to reduce slum settlements in Langsa City. However, several factors were identified that were the main obstacles in the implementation of the program.

scholarly journals KUALITAS PEMERIKSAAN AUDITOR INTERNAL PEMERINTAH: STUDI PADA INSPEKTORAT KABUPATEN DAN KOTA DI ACEH

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arfan ◽  
Darwanis Darwanis ◽  
Johan Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Audit Team

<p><em>This study aims to test the influence of educational background, capacity, integrity, and conflict of role in the audit team on audit quality of government internal auditors in Aceh. This study is a hypothesis testing research. The population were 299 auditors working for the inspectorate's office of regency and city in Aceh. Then, by using Slovin formula and proportionate stratified random sampling, the samples were 92 auditors. The data used were primary data for the year 2020 collected through a questionnaire on a one-stage time horizon. The analysis method used multiple linear regression. The result showed that educational background had no influence, while capacity, integrity, and conflict of role in the audit team partially had an influence on audit quality of government internal auditors in Aceh. Limitation of this study was questionaires were sent via internet by using google form, so that not all questionnaires were returned by the respondents. In addition, the time for returning the questionnaires was different between the respondents and some even returned them too long. The implications of this study is that it can help the government, especially the government of regency and city in Aceh, to be able to improve the audit quality of internal auditors by taking into account the factors that influence it, in particular the capacity and integrity of internal auditors.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals The Role of Nurturing Technopreneurship Education and Building University Students’ Entrepreneurial Mindsets and Skill Sets in Fostering Digital Innovation and Augmenting the Tech Start-Up Ecosystem in Bahrain

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 152-173
Author(s):  
Sama’a Al Hashimi ◽  
Yasmina Zaki ◽  
Ameena Al Muwali ◽  
Nasser Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the relationship between the success of tech start-ups and the educational backgrounds of their owners. To better comprehend and encourage technopreneurial growth, it is essential to understand the educational background of tech start-up founders in Bahrain. The paper attempts to explore whether or not different educational qualifications of tech start-up founders are associated with their success. It also aims to investigate the pedagogical approaches, strategies, skills, and objectives that may have contributed to the success of leading technopreneurs, locally and globally in an effort to suggest the right practices to implement in Bahrain in order to emulate their educational experiences. The research qualitatively investigates the perceptions and academic experiences of the founders of five innovative Bahraini digital applications in an attempt to explore the role of their education in their success and growth. In addition, twelve support organizations in Bahrain were interviewed to examine the influence of higher education on entrepreneurial success. The paper argues that education is very essential to entrepreneurial success, and its findings provide clear evidence of the impact of education which focuses on fostering creative thinking, innovation, and team-working skills on technopreneurial success. These findings may have implications for universities in Bahrain to promote successful entrepreneurs through integrating the best practices in innovation and entrepreneurship education into the curriculum, and strengthening their cooperation with the government and various support organizations. Finally, the paper provides higher education institutions with guidelines and recommendations to maximize their role in the tech start-up ecosystem in Bahrain.

scholarly journals Information Technology Spillover and Organizational Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
It Use ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Effective Use

IT is considered as a prominent cause for an organization's success. IT assists in collecting, processing and disseminating data and information that helps in decisionmaking and ultimately in increasing performance. Presenting and justifying the effectiveness of technology in generating performance is a critical task. In the 21st century competitiveness is considered as the outcome of effective use of information technology. As in other countries, Information Technology is substantially used by the organizations in Nepal but assessment of effectiveness of IT and its impact on organizational performance is very few. Thus, this study is conducted to determine the level of use of information technology and its relationship with organizational performance. To achieve the objectives of the study, a descriptive and correlational design was used. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire administered electronically. The population for this study comprised of employees working on different business sectors and 120 employees were selected as sample.Mean and percentage were used to assess level of use of IT in the different sectors of business in Nepal. Correlation matrix was developed using Pearson correlation for the assessment of relationship between IT and organizational performance. The study findings revealed that there was a positive relationship between the IT use and organizational performance. Similarly the use of IT helps to achieve the target, make more accountable to the authorities and improve service quality. Government of Nepal promulgated and implemented IT policy. IT policy prioritized to the use of IT in the rural and urban areas and small to large organizations as well. But the use of IT is not as expected and business sector is also reluctant to use it because of its cost. Government of Nepal formed committees to make effective use of IT but use of IT and its effectiveness seems low. Thus, this study helps revive the IT policy to the government and develop programs for the effective use of IT in business sector.

scholarly journals Management of Slum Settlements based on Sustainable Development in the Deli Watershed of Medan City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2791-2799
Author(s):  
Adang Aldhila ◽  
Hardi Warsono ◽  
Sri Suwitri ◽  
Retno Sunu Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Political Sustainability ◽  
The Government ◽  
Slum Settlements

The population in urban areas continues to increase while the land owned is limited which results in slum settlements in urban areas. Slum settlements in Medan City often appear in areas where buildings should not be allowed, such as in watersheds. Deli River as a large river that divides Medan City, there are still many slum settlements in the watershed. Management of slum settlements based on sustainable development is needed to provide a long-term impact, especially for the preservation and restoration of the function of the Deli River. This study aims to analyze the management of slum settlements based on sustainable development indicators in achieving sustainable development, namely ecological sustainability, economic sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability, political sustainability, and defense and security sustainability. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Sources of research data by collecting primary data through interviews and secondary data through documentation and observation studies. The management of slum settlements based on sustainable development in the Deli watershed is still not optimal in terms of ecological sustainability, economic sustainability, and defense and security sustainability. Meanwhile, socio-cultural sustainability and political sustainability are quite optimal. The government must manage slum settlements based on sustainable development through an approach with the community and provide viable housing alternatives so that people do not live in watershed areas.

scholarly journals WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A PARADIGM SHIFT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
News Article ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Government ◽  
Observation Method

Purpose of the study: This study focuses on the opportunities, issues, challenges, and government policies for women entrepreneurship in India and the suggested solutions to overcome the problems which women facing while pursuing their business. Methodology: The research design is Exploratory cum Descriptive for the topic ‘Women Entrepreneurship’. This study is based on primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected by observation method and for secondary data, various journals, governmental reports, news article, online articles, magazines were been studied. The observation has been made in institutions, rural areas, urban areas, and public places. Main Findings: 20% of women residing in rural areas were found not confident for entrepreneurship because of their illiteracy in business. Fear of failure, lack of family support, lack of finance and family responsibilities were found as major reasons for lack of entrepreneurship among women. 40% of women rated 10 out of 10 for the happiness index after being an entrepreneur. Self-satisfaction, happiness, fulfillment, accomplishment, and serving the society with employment, value is also achievement for women entrepreneurship. Applications of this study: This study will be helpful for the students for knowing the demography of entrepreneurship. It will also help the public and especially women to avail various benefits which the government has made available to them.The findings can also define the gap between the launch of benefits and availing the same by women so that corrective actions can be taken. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study will help the reader about the present status of women entrepreneurship in India and also the comparison of women Entrepreneurship sine past years. The study will also make the reader aware of the ranking of India worldwide in terms of Women Entrepreneurship.

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