scholarly journals Effects of Swiss ball exercise and Pilates exercise on core muscle strengthening in college cricketers

Biomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
K. Kamatchi ◽  
B. Arun ◽  
G. Tharani ◽  
G. Yuvarani ◽  
G. Vaishnavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Terminal Segment ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Swiss Ball

Introduction and Aim: Cricket is one of the most popular game in India played by men and women of all ages. Core stability is defined as the ability to control the position and movement of the trunk over the pelvis to allow optimum production, transfer and control of force and movement to the terminal segment. Major muscles involved are pelvic floor muscles, Transverse abdominis, multifidus, internal and external obliques, and rectus abdominis. Core is used to stabilize the thorax and the pelvis during dynamic movement. The study helps to compare the effectiveness of Swiss ball exercise and Pilates exercise on gaining core muscle strength. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of Swiss ball exercise and Pilates exercise on core muscle strengthening in college cricketers. Materials and Methods: The design of the study is comparative type. The study was carried out in faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr.M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute. The study sample of 30 male college cricketers between the age group of 18 to 25 years are included in the study. Individuals with associated neuromuscular conditions, any injuries to lower limbs and any spinal injuries have been excluded in the study. Swiss ball and Pilates mat are the materials used. Sphygmomanometer is the outcome measure.30 male individuals between the age group of 18 to 25 years were divided into two groups, group A and group B. Individuals in the group A (n=15) received the Swiss ball exercise and group B (n=15) received Pilates exercise for 4 session/ week for 6 weeks. Results: On comparing the mean values of group A and group B on double leg lowering test (DLLT), it shows significant decrease in the post test mean values but (group B- Pilates exercise) shows (30.60) which has the lower mean value is more effective than (group A- Swiss ball exercise) (46.80) at P ? 0.001. Hence, null hypothesis is rejected. Conclusion: The study concluded that both the group was effective but while comparing Pilates exercise showed the potential treatment option than swiss ball exercise. Hence, Pilates exercise was effective on core muscle strengthening in college cricketers. Keywords: Swiss ball; Pilates mat; core muscle; sphygmomanometer.

scholarly journals To Study the effect of Traditional Back Exercises vs Exercise Ball Exercise on Pain Intensity, Core Endurance and Limitation of Activities in Individuals with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Jay Kumar Soni ◽  
Edrish Contractor
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Swiss Ball

Aims: Non specific Low back pain is defined as pain without any known pathology which affects almost all the leading occupation where body's awkward posture, twisting and stress forces are commonly encountered across the globe and it is highly prevalent 60% to 70% in a year. Studies have shown various exercise regimen individual effect on the same but superiority of regimen out of these is not clear. Study Design: Comparative Study Place and Duration of Study: Ahmedabad Institute of Medical Sciences, Duration 2013-15 Objective: To assess and compare the effect of core stability exercise, back school program and Swiss ball exercise on Pain, core endurance and Functional disability. Methodology: A group of 24 patients having non-specific low back pain between age groups 18-40 were randomly selected and allocated in to two groups. Group A(n=12) received traditional exercise whereas Swiss ball exercise was given to Group B(n=12). The subjects were treated for two weeks. Baseline data for VAS, Core endurance and MODI were taken on day1 and at the end of two weeks Result: The results were analyzed by wilcoxon signed rank test within both groups. Both groups showed significant improvement in VAS, core endurance and MODI at the end of 2weeks.Comparison between both the Group A and Group B was done by Mann- whitney U test and statistically no significant difference was seen in VAS, core endurance and MODI between the groups Conclusion: The study concluded that both the exercises are equally effective in reducing pain intensity, improves core endurance and functional status in subjects with non specific low back pain

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Core Muscle Strengthening using Swiss Ball vs Traditional Core muscle Strengthening Exercises on Functional Impairments in Amateur Marathon Runners with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 3937-3943
Author(s):  
Simran R. Sachadev ◽  
◽  
Ronald N Prabhakar ◽  
Manal M Anthikat ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Swiss Ball

Background: Devashee S Mistry discovered that the prevalence of anterior knee pain in marathon runners is 68% in the age group of 15-30 years.(11) There are many literatures that shows correlation between core muscle instability and pain associated with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS). Although, there are many studies done to study the effectiveness of core muscle strengthening program on pain and functional impairment in general population with PFPS, there are only few literatures which evaluates its effectiveness on marathon runners. Study purpose/ Research Question: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of core muscle strengthening using Swiss ball versus traditional core muscle exercises on mat for managing the functional impairments in the amateur marathon runners with PFPS. Material and methodology: Amateur marathon runners with patellofemoral pain syndrome (n = 32) having anterior knee pain were included in this study. A comparative study was done where two group were made. Group A (n= 16) received core strengthening exercises using swiss ball and group B (n = 16) received traditional core strengthening exercises using mat. Both groups received conventional Physiotherapy intervention which included hot moist pack applied on anterior aspect of knee (10 minutes), strengthening for lower limb muscles and stretching for lower limb muscles, 10 seconds hold for each muscle for 3 repetitions. Treatment was given for 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Pain and other functional impairment such as squatting, stair climbing, walking and running were assessed using VAS and Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale. Results: Group A showed significant decrease in pain and functional impairments as compared to group B. Mean pre VAS of group A was 6.94 which was significantly higher than mean post VAS 1.60 (p< 0.001). Mean pre VAS of group B was 6.88 which was significantly higher than mean post VAS 2.71 (p<0.001). Mean pre Patellofemoral pain Severity Scale of group A was 72.56 which is significant higher than post Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale 15.87 (p<0.001). Mean pre Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale of group B was 74.31 which is significantly higher than post mean Patellofemoral Pain Severity Scale 33.12 (p< 0.001) Conclusion: Core muscle strengthening using swiss ball is more effective than traditional core muscle strengthening using mat in amateur marathon runners for reducing pain and functional impairments having PFPS KEY WORD: Anterior knee pain, Marathon runners, Patellofemoral, Runner’s knee.

Plantar Hyperhidrosis: The Efficacy of Iontophoresis with Tap water, Glycopyrronium Bromide and Indomethacin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthilnathan Prof.Dr.C.V. ◽  
Vaishnavi G. ◽  
Keerthana G. ◽  
NandhaKumar S. ◽  
Kotteeswaran Prof.Dr.
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Glycopyrronium Bromide ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Hyperhidrosis is an excessive production of sweat more than the physiological amount necessary to maintain thermal homeostasis. Primary focal hyperhidrosis is a disorder of unknown etiology, causing excessive, bilateral, symmetrical sweating on the soles of the foot is called plantar hyperhidrosis. The condition results not only in physical impairment, but also interferes with professional and social life. Although not life-threatening, it is very uncomfortable and cause embarrassment and psychological trauma. Iontophoresis is a helpful method, which includes the presentation of particles into the body tissue through the skin. The essential principle is to place the ion particles under an electrode with the same charge, i.e. negative ion placed under cathode and positive ion placed under anode. This complete process is also known as “technique of ion transfer” into the body tissues by using electrical current as a driving force. It is a comparative study with pre and post intervention. 30 subjects with plantar hyperhidrosis were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The study duration was for about 4 weeks30 subjects of age group between 15 – 25 years with idiopathic plantar hyperhidrosis of both male and female subjects were included in this study. Subjects with cardiac and respiratory disorders, pregnant or lactating, any cuts, abrasions, eczema or infections on plantar aspect, metal implants like pacemakers, Hypersensitivity to the active substance were excluded. The subjects were divided into 3 group Group A treated with iontophoresis using tap water alone. Group B were treated with iontophoresis using tap water along with 3%-5% of anticholinergic drug, glycopyrronium bromide solution. Group C were treated with iontophoresis using tap water along with 1% of indomethacin (NSAID). The result of this study shows that there were significant changes in outcome measures. On comparing Mean values of Group A, Group B & Group C on Minor test (Starch - Iodine Test) tap Water along with Glycopyrronium Bromide (Group B) shows 1.60 which has the Lower Mean value is effective than Group A and Group C .On comparing Mean values of Group A, Group B & Group C on Visual Analog Scale score tap Water along with Glycopyrronium Bromide (Group B) shows 3.80 which has the Lower Mean value is effective than Group A and Group C. On comparing Mean values of Group A, Group B & Group C on Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale tap Water along with Glycopyrronium Bromide (Group B) shows 1.40 which has the Lower Mean value is effective than Group A and Group C. On comparing all the three groups, Group B shows better result than Group C and Group A in outcome measure. This study concluded that Tap water along with glycopyrronium bromide reduces the excessive sweating and decrease the sweating symptoms in subjects with plantar hyperhidrosis.

The Effect of Gongronema Latifolum (Utazi) on Some Haematological Parameters of Rabbit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell ◽  
Group D ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

The hematological features of Gongronema latifolium, aqueous leaves extract was evaluated using standard methods. After 10 days of consecutive infusions into 9 experimental animals (rabbits). The rabbits were monitored and the following parameters determined; hemoglobin (HB), PCV, Platelet, WBC, Differential White Blood Cell. The Rabbits were grouped into 4, one consisting of control (group A), group B was fed with 0.5 mg/kg, group C with 1.0 mg/kg, and Group D with 1.5mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Gongronemalatifolium. The mean values obtained for hemoglobin estimation for the control group is 5.9 ± 4.1 g/dl, 9.1 ± 2.9 g/dl for group B 10.2 ± 1.8 g/dl for group C and 12.8 ± 0.1 g/dl for group D with no significant increase on the PCV estimation, the mean value for the control (group A) is 17.7 ± 12.3%, 27.3 ± 8.7% for group B, group C (30.6 ± 5.4%) and D (28.4 ± 0.3) show increase that statistically significant (p > 0.01). the platelet counts of group C (600 ± 0 x 109/L) and D(600 ± 0 x 109/L) show significant increase (p > 0.01) when compared with the control (600 ± 00). But the platelet value of group B (550 ± 50 x 109/L) shows no difference. No significant changes were observed in the White Blood Counts of the test groups B (3.5 ± 0.5 x 109/L), C (1.9 + 2.1 x 109/L) and D(3.6 ± 0.4) when compared with the control group (2.9 ± 1.9). The values obtained from the differential White Blood Counts (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils and Monocytes) were not significant. Therefore, Gongronemalatifolium, when properly taken as a nutritional diet, causes beneficial changes on hemoglobin, packed cell volumes and platelet counts of consumers.

scholarly journals XYLAZINE-KETAMINE ANAESTHESIA; COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN MALE AND FEMALE CANE RATS (THRYONOMYS SWINDERIANUS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Olatunji-akioye A ◽  
Ojiaka H N ◽  
Samuel E. S
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ketamine Anaesthesia ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Domestication of the Cane rats is on-going globally and might replace the conventional rodents used in biomedical research in future. However, the paucity of information on adequate anaesthesia vis-a-vis xylazine-ketamine drug combination in the male and female Cane rats warranted this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six adult Cane rats {1.8±0.7 kg body weights (bwt.)} assigned into group A (Female) and group B (Male) of three rats each was used for the study. Each animal was premedicated with atropine sulphate (0.05 mg/kg bwt), and later administered xylazine (10 mg/kg bwt) and ketamine (100 mg/kg bwt) intramuscularly. Meanwhile, anaesthetic characteristics and physiologic indices of anaesthesia were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results obtained showed that the physiologic indices; open eyelids, smooth induction and recovery, skeletal muscle relaxation and somatic analgesia were observed in all the animals, however, the anaesthetic indices; time to induction, time to standing, duration of analgesia and duration of recumbency showed marked sex variations. The mean values for the duration of analgesia and recumbency were significantly elevated (P&lt;0.05) in group B as compared with group A. Similar trend was seen for time to standing, but, it was non-significant (P&gt;005). However, time to induction mean value for group A was non-significantly increased (P&gt;005) when compared with group B. The heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature mean values decreased in both groups non-significantly (P&gt;0.05).<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusively, the xylazine-ketamine combination produced anaesthesia in Cane rat and the combination is more tolerated in the male Cane rats than the female Cane rats.</p>

scholarly journals Study of the Morphological Characteristics of the Human Gallbladder in Relation to Age and Sex of Bangladeshi People

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Khalilur Rahman ◽  
Afruza Bulbul Akhter ◽  
Selina Anwar ◽  
Anjum Ara Begum ◽  
Sultan Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Human Gallbladder ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Age And Sex

Context: Variations in the morphology of the gallbladder have long been debated by the abdominal surgeons. So it is important for the surgeons to appreciate the possible anatomical variations that can be encountered during surgery to prevent post operative complications during cholecystectomy. This study was aimed at to find out any variations in the morphology of the postmortem gallbladder in adult Bangladeshi male and female to find out any difference in the gallbladder morphology in relation to age and sex. Material & methods: This study was done on sixty (60) human postmortem gallbladder from Bangladeshi male and females of two age groups- group A age between 20-40 years and group B age between 41-65 years. Among the morphological parameters length, breadth, thickness and volume of the gallbladders were measured. Result: Result of the present study showed that the mean values of gross morphological features of the gall bladder (length, breadth, thickness, volume & weight), were higher in group B than group A except the thickness in female which show somewhat higher mean value in group A than group B. The result showed significantly high value for length and volume in case of male only (p<.05) in group B than group A. When comparison were made between these values in regard of sex, it was found that males of group B showed higher mean value for all parameters than females of group B and result showed a significantly higher value for the length of gallbladder(p<.05). But in case of group A, whereas male had higher mean value for length and weight and, female had higher mean value for breadth, thickness and volume though no values were significantly different. Conclusion: The higher mean values of different parameters of the gallbladder in elderly males and also from their female counterparts of the same age groups may be due to shorter size of the females. Again some parameters showed higher values in females (breadth, thickness and volume) which may indicate the predominance of cholelithiasis in females. Again most of the values in male and female of elderly were higher than the younger groups indicate the formation of gallstones in elderly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i2.20676 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2013, Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 81-85

Effect of Core Stability Exercises with Conventional Physiotherapy in Reducing Pain among Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: RCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3063-3065
Author(s):  
Sara Mumtaz ◽  
Ahsan Javed ◽  
Alishba Mustansar ◽  
Nadia Gul ◽  
Maham Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Disability ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Physiotherapy Treatment ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Group A ◽  
Conventional Physiotherapy ◽  
Group B ◽  
Swiss Ball

Low backache is common among urban society. It is one of the main reasons for activity limitation and absenteeism from work Purpose: To compare role of swiss ball-based core stability exercise and conventional physiotherapy among patients of non-specific low backache in reducing pain and improving function Study Design: Randomized clinical trial Methodology: Current project was conducted at Ehsan Rehab Physiotherapy Clinic and Mumtaz Bukhtawar Trust Hospital, Lahore. Patients (n=74) aging between 25-50 years with nonspecific low backache were randomized into 2 groups. Thirty-seven patients were present in each of Group A and in Group B. Group A was treated with conventional physiotherapy treatment (Controlled Electrotherapy Treatment along with Conventional Exercises). Group B was treated with (Controlled Electrotherapy Treatment along with Core Stability Exercises on Swiss Ball). Oswestry disability index and numeric pain rating scale were used as outcome measuring tools Statistical analysis: The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 25 Results: There was a large improvement in pain intensity and improvement in functional limitation in both groups. However, group B showed that there was a more substantial improvement in pain and functional disability Conclusion: It was concluded that core stability based on Swiss ball exercises was more effective than conventional physiotherapy treatment in improving pain and function in patients of nonspecific low backache Key Words: Core Stability, Swiss Ball Exercises, Physical Therapy, Electrotherapy and Backache.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Cardiac Remodeling After Surgical Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect in Different Age Group

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Mohammad Aminullah ◽  
Fahmida Akter Rima ◽  
Asraful Hoque ◽  
Mokhlesur Rahman Sazal ◽  
Prodip Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Septal Defect ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fractional Shortening

Background: Cardiac remodeling is important issue after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate cardiac remodeling by echocardiography by measuring the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular internal diameter during diastole (LVIDd) and left ventricular internal diameter during systole (LVIDs) after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect in different age group. Methodology: This prospective cohort studies was conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery at National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Dhaka. Patient with surgical closure of VSD were enrolled into this study purposively and were divided into 3 groups according to the age. In group A (n=10), patients were within the age group of 2.0 to 6.0 years; age of group B (n=8) patients were 6.1-18.0 years and the group C (n=6) aged range was 18.1-42.0 years. Echocardiographic variables such as ejection fraction, fractional shortening, LVIDd, LVIDs were taken preoperatively and at 1st and 3rd month of postoperative values. Result: A total number of 24 patients was recruited for this study. The mean ages of all groups were 12.60±12.09. After 1 month ejection fraction were decreased by 5.97%, 6.71% and 5.66% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 3 months ejection fraction were increased by 6.13%, 5.13% and 5.14% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 1 month fractional shortening were decreased by 13.55%, 9.30% and 9.09% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 3 months fractional shortening were increased by 7.23%, 7.35% and 4.55% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 1 month LVIDd were increased by 1.97%, 1.91% and 1.32% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 3 months LVIDd were decreased by 10.84%, 9.89% and 7.34% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 1 month LVIDs were increased by 2.19%, 2.86% and 1.98% in group A, group B and group C respectively. After 3 months LVIDs were decreased by 11.68%, 10.97% and 8.87% in group A, group B and group C respectively.Conclusion: Cardiac remodeling occurred after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect and remodeling were more significant in younger age group. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(2):69-74

scholarly journals The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Chatzipetros ◽  
Spyros Damaskos ◽  
Konstantinos I. Tosios ◽  
Panos Christopoulos ◽  
Catherine Donta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability. Methods Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm2) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery. Results The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001). Conclusions Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.

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