scholarly journals Fertility Preservation Methods in Childhood and Adolescence Cancers: A Review.

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Ülkü Gül Siraz ◽  
Nihal Hatipoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Gnrh Analogues ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Preservation Methods

In childhood and adolescence cancers; survival rates increase with the use of treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. One of the long-term effects of primary disease and cancer treatment is the irreversible damage to gonadal tissues, resulting in impaired fertility. Especially chemotherapeutic drugs; causes germ cell defect, affects the secretion of pituitary hormone, and also damages the anatomical structures of internal genital structures such as the uterus. Gonadal preservation methods are limited in prepubertal male patients. It is a good option to place the testicles in a different area before radiotherapy. Before chemotherapy or whole body irradiation, freezing of testicular tissue and ensuring pregnancy from frozen tissue is still in the experimental stage. After the ejaculation begins, obtaining and storing sperm is successfully done. A limited number of pregnancies were obtained oocytes frozen ovaries in the prepubertal girls. It is possible to freeze oocytes after puberty begins. In addition, recently, as a noninvasive method, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues have been used successfully, as it suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and protects germ cells from cytotoxic effects. This article aims to provide information on fertility preservation methods in patients receiving childhood cancer treatment.

scholarly journals MON-096 Endocrine Complications Following Cancer Treatment in Survivors of Pediatric Solid Tumors: 18 Years’ Experience of a Single Academic Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yena Lee ◽  
Arum Oh ◽  
Jin-Ho Choi ◽  
Han-Wook Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Pediatric Solid Tumors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endocrine Complications

Abstract Background: Survival rates of pediatric cancer have been significantly improved over recent decades because of advances in chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The endocrine consequences of cancer treatment have become the major medical issues in the childhood cancer survivors. This study was performed to investigate the long-term endocrine complications in survivors of pediatric solid tumors. Methods: From 2000 to 2018, 402 patients were diagnosed with solid tumors including hepatoblastoma (n = 72), neuroblastoma (n = 117), Wilms tumor (n = 57), Ewing sarcoma (n = 40), osteosarcoma (n = 65), and rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 51) in our institute. Among them, 96 patients (24%) were expired during the follow-up period. Growth profiles and endocrinologic findings were analyzed by retrospective chart review in 306 survivors of solid tumors. Results: The median age at diagnosis of primary cancer was 3 years (range, 0 month to 18 years). The mean treatment duration was 11.7 ± 12.6 months, and the mean follow-up duration after cancer treatment was 7.1 ± 4.8 years. Short stature,which was defined by height-SDS below -2.0, was found in 39 patients (12.7%) with the mean height-SDS of -2.59 ± 0.45. Primary hypothyroidism was detected in 19 patients (6.2%), and 15 of them were treated with radiotherapy or 131I-MIBG therapy due to the metastatic neuroblastoma. Sixteen patients (5.2%) developed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, whereas three patients (1%) were diagnosed with central precocious puberty. Vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis were found in 4 patients (1.3%) and 3 patients (1%), respectively. Primary adrenal insufficiency was found in one patient who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy because of bilateral neuroblastoma. One patient with rhabdomyosarcoma in the nasal cavity underwent high dose radiotherapy (50.4 Gy) around the tumor site, eventually leading to multiple pituitary hormone deficiency. In multivariable analysis, longer duration of treatment (≥24 months) was associated with the endocrine complications (OR = 3.94; CI 1.41-11.06) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was a major risk factor for endocrine complications (OR = 4.70; CI 2.14-10.29). Conclusions: Various endocrine complications can occur in survivors of solid tumors in children and adolescents caused by treatment modalities including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, rather than the tumor itself. Lifetime monitoring is necessary to detect endocrine consequences such as growth retardation, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and thyroid dysfunctions.

scholarly journals Role of Stem Cells in the Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation and Transplantation for Fertility Preservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12482
Author(s):  
Jeong Min Kim ◽  
Seongmin Kim ◽  
Sanghoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Preservation Methods ◽  
Tissue Cryopreservation

Although the cancer survival rate has increased, cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can cause ovarian failure and infertility in women of reproductive age. Preserving fertility throughout cancer treatment is critical for maintaining quality of life. Fertility experts should propose individualized fertility preservation methods based on the patient’s marital status, pubertal status, partner status, and the urgency of treatment. Widely practiced fertility preservation methods, including ovarian transposition and embryo and oocyte cryopreservation, are inappropriate for prepubertal girls or those needing urgent initiation of cancer treatment. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation, an emerging new technology, may be a solution for these cancer patients. The use of stem cells in ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation increases oxygenation, angiogenesis, and follicle survival rates. This review discusses the recent advances in ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation with special focus on the use of stem cells to improve fertilization techniques.

Long-term effects of childhood cancer treatment on hormonal and ultrasound markers of ovarian reserve

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
van den Berg MH ◽  
Overbeek A ◽  
Lambalk CB ◽  
Kaspers GJL ◽  
Bresters D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Effects of Childhood Multidisciplinary Care and Growth Hormone Treatment on Health Problems in Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3250
Author(s):  
Karlijn Pellikaan ◽  
Anna G. W. Rosenberg ◽  
Kirsten Davidse ◽  
Anja A. Kattentidt-Mouravieva ◽  
Rogier Kersseboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex hypothalamic disorder. Features of PWS include hyperphagia, hypotonia, intellectual disability, and pituitary hormone deficiencies. The combination of growth hormone treatment and multidisciplinary care (GHMDc) has greatly improved the health of children with PWS. Little is known about the effects of childhood GHMDc on health outcomes in adulthood. We retrospectively collected clinical data of 109 adults with PWS. Thirty-nine had received GHMDc during childhood and adolescence (GHMDc+ group) and sixty-three had never received growth hormone treatment (GHt) nor multidisciplinary care (GHMDc− group). Our systematic screening revealed fewer undetected health problems in the GHMDc+ group (10%) than in the GHMDc− group (84%). All health problems revealed in the GHMDc+ group had developed between the last visit to the paediatric and the first visit to the adult clinic and/or did not require treatment. Mean BMI and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 were significantly lower in the GHMDc+ group compared to the GHMDc− group. As all patients who received GHt were treated in a multidisciplinary setting, it is unknown which effects are the result of GHt and which are the result of multidisciplinary care. However, our data clearly show that the combination of both has beneficial effects. Therefore, we recommend continuing GHMDc after patients with PWS have reached adult age.

scholarly journals Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Tract in a Colony of Beagle Dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Nikula ◽  
S. A. Benjamin ◽  
G. M. Angleton ◽  
A. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microscopic Features

Gross and light microscopic features of transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the urinary tract were examined in Beagle dogs used for the study of the long-term effects of low-dose, whole-body, 60Co gamma radiation. Thirty-eight cases of TCC occurred among 990 dogs that were from 0 to 14 years of age. There was no conclusive evidence of a radiation effect. The 38 TCC were equally divided between male and female dogs, but there was a significant difference in the sex distribution of urethra-origin TCC. Eleven males had a primary urethral TCC compared to only two females. There was no significant difference between the urethra-origin and bladder-origin TCCs in the number of tumors that caused clinical signs, metastasized, or that contributed to the death of the dog. All cases of urethral TCC in male dogs occurred in the prostatic urethra. The majority of these cases were not recognized to be neoplasms at gross necropsy, but microscopic examination revealed the TCC. Our findings differ from previous reports stating that TCC occurs more frequently in female than male dogs, and they especially differ from reports claiming that urethra-origin TCC is predominately a disease of female dogs.

Hematologic Toxicity of High-Dose Iodine-131–Metaiodobenzylguanidine Therapy for Advanced Neuroblastoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2452-2460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. DuBois ◽  
Julia Messina ◽  
John M. Maris ◽  
John Huberty ◽  
David V. Glidden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Iodine 131 ◽  
Mibg Therapy

Purpose Iodine-131–metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) has been shown to be active against refractory neuroblastoma. The primary toxicity of 131I-MIBG is myelosuppression, which might necessitate autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHSCT). The goal of this study was to determine risk factors for myelosuppression and the need for AHSCT after 131I-MIBG treatment. Patients and Methods Fifty-three patients with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma were treated with 18 mCi/kg 131I-MIBG on a phase I/II protocol. The median whole-body radiation dose was 2.92 Gy. Results Almost all patients required at least one platelet (96%) or red cell (91%) transfusion and most patients (79%) developed neutropenia (< 0.5 × 103/μL). Patients reached platelet nadir earlier than neutrophil nadir (P < .0001). Earlier platelet nadir correlated with bone marrow tumor, more extensive bone involvement, higher whole-body radiation dose, and longer time from diagnosis to 131I-MIBG therapy (P ≤ .04). In patients who did not require AHSCT, bone marrow disease predicted longer periods of neutropenia and platelet transfusion dependence (P ≤ .03). Nineteen patients (36%) received AHSCT for prolonged myelosuppression. Of patients who received AHSCT, 100% recovered neutrophils, 73% recovered red cells, and 60% recovered platelets. Failure to recover red cells or platelets correlated with higher whole-body radiation dose (P ≤ .04). Conclusion These results demonstrate the substantial hematotoxicity associated with high-dose 131I-MIBG therapy, with severe thrombocytopenia an early and nearly universal finding. Bone marrow tumor at time of treatment was the most useful predictor of hematotoxicity, whereas whole-body radiation dose was the most useful predictor of failure to recover platelets after AHSCT.

Biotransport to the Cerebral Tissues Related to the Vascular Diseases

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Tanishita ◽  
Kazuto Masamoto ◽  
Iwao Kanno ◽  
Hirosuke Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Selective Vulnerability ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sensorimotor Function ◽  
Irreversible Damage

Brain is a highly oxidative organ and its consumption rate of oxygen accounts for 20 percent of that of the whole body. This large consumption rate must be met by continuous supply of oxygen, because lack of oxygen rapidly causes irreversible damage to central nervous system. Acute hypoxic episodes cause a certain pattern of regional damage. Cerebral cortex (e.g., layers III, V, and VI) is one of the most susceptible regions to hypoxia, and damage to sensorimotor function is particularly severe in humans that survive hypoxic/ischemic episodes. However, little is known about whether oxygen transport in intracortical regions relates to such selective vulnerability to hypoxia.

Laparoscopic Ovarian Transposition Before Pelvic Cancer Treatment: Ovarian Function and Fertility Preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nash S. Moawad ◽  
Estefania Santamaria ◽  
Alice Rhoton-Vlasak ◽  
Judith L. Lightsey
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Transposition ◽  
Pelvic Cancer

Development of Upper Extremity Finite Element Model for Elderly Female: Validated Against Dynamic Loading Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Hammad ◽  
Anil Kalra ◽  
Prashant Khandelwal ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
King H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Elderly Female

Injuries to the upper extremities that are caused by dynamic impacts in crashes, including contact with internal instrument panels, has been a major concern, especially for smaller female occupants, and the problem worsens with increasing age due to reduced strength of the bones. From the analysis of 1988–2010 CDS unweighted data, it was found that risk of AIS ≥ 2 level for the arm was 58.2±20.6 percent higher in females than males, and the injury risk for a 75-year-old female occupant relative to a 21-year-old subjected to a similar physical insult was 4.2 times higher. Although injuries to upper extremities are typically not fatal, they can have long-term effects on overall quality of life. Therefore, it is important to minimize risks of injuries related to upper extremities, especially for elderly females, who are most at risk. Current anthropomorphic surrogates, like crash-test dummies, cannot be directly used to study injury limits, as these dummies were developed mainly to represent the younger population. The current study is focused on the development of a finite element (FE) model representing the upper extremity of an elderly female. This can be further used to analyze the injury mechanisms and tolerance limits for this vulnerable population. The FE mesh was developed through Computer Tomography (CT) scanned images of an elderly female cadaver, and the data included for validation of the developed model were taken from the experimental studies published in scientific literature, but only the data directly representing elderly females were used. It was found that the developed model could predict fractures in the long bones of elderly female specimens and could be further used for analyzing injury tolerances for this population. Further, it was determined that the developed segmental model could be integrated with the whole body FE model of the elderly female.

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