scholarly journals Management Challenges within Multiple Project Environments: Lessons for Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Ismah Hashim ◽  
Nicholas Chileshe ◽  
Bassam Baroudi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
State Of Art

In the construction industry, multiple project environments (MPE) exist where more than one project is managed simultaneously. The driving force behind MPEs is the pragmatic allocation of resources encumbered by uncertain economic times. However, MPEs create management challenges that need to be addressed. For that reason, this paper aims to investigate the challenges in respect to managing MPEs within the construction industry. It essentially reviews state-of-art knowledge in respect to MPEs identifying the rationale behind their development. At this stage it would appear that the interdependency and uncertainty within inputs, processes and outputs are major contributing factors to the MPE problem. It is of note that the majority of these findings were based within the context of developed countries. Hence, this review sets out to inform practitioners from developing countries in respect to lessons learned within more developed countries. This review is expected to lead to further investigations on MPEs and their inherent challenges.

A Systems Approach for Sustainably Reducing Childhood Diarrheal Deaths in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 1208-1227
Author(s):  
Monica Gray
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Sub Saharan

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death and is the major cause of malnutrition in children under age 5 worldwide. More than 50 percent of the cases occur in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Open defecation, substandard fecal disposal systems, and contaminated water supplies are the typical causes of diarrheal diseases. This public health crisis in low income countries mirrors the experiences of today's industrialized nations two centuries ago. The lessons learned from their sanitary evolution can be instructive in charting a sustainable path towards saving the lives of almost 2 million children annually. In this chapter a case study of Cuba's sanitary reformation is also presented to showcase successes, similar to those of developed countries, within a developing country and economically challenging context.

scholarly journals Telemedicine for Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1025-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Combi ◽  
Gabriele Pozzani ◽  
Giuseppe Pozzi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Social Organizational

SummaryBackground Developing countries need telemedicine applications that help in many situations, when physicians are a small number with respect to the population, when specialized physicians are not available, when patients and physicians in rural villages need assistance in the delivery of health care. Moreover, the requirements of telemedicine applications for developing countries are somewhat more demanding than for developed countries. Indeed, further social, organizational, and technical aspects need to be considered for successful telemedicine applications in developing countries.Objective We consider all the major projects in telemedicine, devoted to developing countries, as described by the proper scientific literature. On the basis of such literature, we want to define a specific taxonomy that allows a proper classification and a fast overview of telemedicine projects in developing countries. Moreover, by considering both the literature and some recent direct experiences, we want to complete such overview by discussing some design issues to be taken into consideration when developing telemedicine software systems.Methods We considered and reviewed the major conferences and journals in depth, and looked for reports on the telemedicine projects.Results We provide the reader with a survey of the main projects and systems, from which we derived a taxonomy of features of telemedicine systems for developing countries. We also propose and discuss some classification criteria for design issues, based on the lessons learned in this research area.Conclusions We highlight some challenges and recommendations to be considered when designing a telemedicine system for developing countries.Citation: Combi C, Pozzani G, Pozzi G. Telemedicine for developing countries: a survey and some design issues.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the outcome of neonates with anorectal malformation in a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Nisar ◽  
Asad Iqbal ◽  
Noshela Javed ◽  
Samer Sikander ◽  
Sadia Asmat Burki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Mean

Background: The survival and outcome of neonates with anorectal malformations (ARM) have much improved in the developed countries due to optimal perioperative and postoperative care but in developing countries, sepsis, low birth weight, delayed presentation, and lack of intensive care for neonates are still important in affecting the outcome. This study was carried out to evaluate factors of poor outcome (mortality) in neonates with ARM. Method: This is a prospective analytical study. A total of 44 consecutive neonates with Anorectal malformations (ARM) presenting to the Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children’s Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, were included. Variables studied included age at presentation, gender, birth weight, type of malformation, sepsis at presentation, type of surgery performed, postoperative complications, and their relationship to the outcome. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 44 neonates with ARM were included in the study. In the study population, 56.8 % (25) were males and 43.2% (19) were females. The mean age at presentation was 2.1 ± 0.5 days. The mean birth weight was 2.5 ± 0.6 kg. Overall mortality was 29.5% (13) with 13.63% (6) patients died pre-operatively. The most common cause of death in postoperative patients was sepsis (40%). There was a statistically significant relationship between low birth weight (P= <0.01) and sepsis at presentation (P=0.001) with mortality. No statistically significant association was found when the outcome was compared with age at presentation (P=0.21) and postoperative complications (P=0.16). Conclusion: In developing countries, the lack of resources, lack of trained midwives/LHVs, intensive care are contributing factors to sepsis and delayed presentation, and ultimately mortality. Good antenatal care, awareness of the midwives/Lady Health Visitors to refer such patients in time, and provision of adequate intensive care can improve the outcome of surgery in ARMs.

scholarly journals Science, Technology and Innovation Policies in Developed and Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Huyen Trang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Policy Science ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technology And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation ◽  
Innovation Policies

Abstract: Science, technology and Innovation (STI) plays different roles in developed and developing countries. In developed countries, STI is considered a driving force for innovation, and play a key role in maintaining high economic growth. Meanwhile, the underdeveloped economic and social structure, as well as the largely dependent on foreign technologies of developing countries has led to the insignificant role of STI. However, as STI has brought greater benefits for developing countries in supporting socio-economic development and industrialization, the awareness of STI’s important role has been increased recently. The problem now lies in how developing countries build effective STI policies and strategies. To tackle this problem, more attention and resource have been being located to STI policies making and implementing. Keywords: Policy, Science, Technology and Innovation, Developing countries.

Systematic Review of Cost Overrun Research in the Developed and Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zahierruden Ismail ◽  
◽  
Zuhaili Mohamad Ramly ◽  
Razali Adul Hamid ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Cost Overrun ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Developed Nations

For decades, reputation of the construction industry has been tainted by poor cost performance caused by project cost overrun. In addition, studies by scholars worldwide have also found cost overrun to be more serious in developing countries compared to the developed countries. Despite the numerous researches addressing the issue of cost overrun in the construction industry through the years, the issue remains. Acknowledging that maintaining good cost performance is a key factor of project success and that the issue has persisted for decades, this study aims to explore the distinction of cost overrun studies that has been conducted between developed nations and developing nations. In achieving this aim, a systematic literature review is performed by following the integrative steps of PSALSAR (Protocol, Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis and Report) and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) for screening and selecting the retrieved studies. The synthesis and screening of literatures have yielded with 152 articles which are then classified into their countries, developed countries (44) and developing countries (108). The results indicated a significant difference in the domain of research on cost overrun between the 2 nations. Despite the numerous studies on cost overrun in the developing nations compared to developed nations, the majority of the studies are not directed to any specific type construction while developed nations have moved forward to focus on more specific projects. The project with the highest attention in the developed nations is transport infrastructure construction projects, particularly rail infrastructure projects. The findings of this study have shown that there have been broad studies conducted on cost overrun in both developing nations and developed nations. However, there is a slight lacking in comprehensiveness of cost overrun studies in the developing nations, perhaps future studies on cost overrun in developing nations can be directed to more specific areas of construction projects such as those that have been performed by researchers of the developed nations.

Global Quality Management Practice for E-Commerce

2010 ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Mahmud Akhter Shareef ◽  
Yogesh K. Dwivedi ◽  
Michael D. Williams ◽  
Nitish Singh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Internet Market ◽  
Shed Light

Since Internet is the primary driving force of E-Commerce (EC), it has global phenomena. Consequently, Internet market is diffusing from the west to the east. Nevertheless, cultural, political, economical, technological, social, and overall attitudinal diversity create irresistible barriers for free movement of EC. In this aspect, quality standardization for EC is utmost important. Because quality experts believe that only quality improvement and standardization can provide EC acceptance by global consumers. Expansion of EC from developed countries to developing countries creates an opportunity to redefine the paradigms of quality management practice (QMP) appropriate for global diffusion of EC. This chapter illustrates some related concepts of quality, quality improvement, and different aspects of quality for EC to shed light on QMP.

Trends in Government e-Authentication

2012 ◽  
pp. 664-677
Author(s):  
Mike Just ◽  
Karen Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Digital Channels

Government engagement of its citizens through digital channels offers the potential for efficiencies and savings, while at the same time allowing the government to reach out to constituents in novel ways. Yet such endeavours must be undertaken with care, especially with personalised service delivery, which requires effective management of security and privacy. Proper authentication and management of identity are key related factors. In this chapter, the authors examine government use and adoption of e-authentication and identity management technologies in order to securely interact with citizens. They first provide some background in which the state-of-the-art for protecting and managing identities is reviewed in terms of the various methods studied in academia and marketed by industry. The chapter then describes the degree to which these methods have been, and continue to be, used in the e-government initiatives of several developed countries. Finally, the authors consider the lessons learned, and how they might be applied to similar initiatives in developing countries.

Trends in Government e-Authentication

2012 ◽  
pp. 1792-1805
Author(s):  
Mike Just ◽  
Karen Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Digital Channels

Government engagement of its citizens through digital channels offers the potential for efficiencies and savings, while at the same time allowing the government to reach out to constituents in novel ways. Yet such endeavours must be undertaken with care, especially with personalised service delivery, which requires effective management of security and privacy. Proper authentication and management of identity are key related factors. In this chapter, the authors examine government use and adoption of e-authentication and identity management technologies in order to securely interact with citizens. They first provide some background in which the state-of-the-art for protecting and managing identities is reviewed in terms of the various methods studied in academia and marketed by industry. The chapter then describes the degree to which these methods have been, and continue to be, used in the e-government initiatives of several developed countries. Finally, the authors consider the lessons learned, and how they might be applied to similar initiatives in developing countries.

scholarly journals E-commerce as a tool to boost the development of Cuban agribusiness companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Rudibel Perdigón Llanes
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Food Market

E-commerce represents a driving force for the economic development of enterprises and businesses. E-commerce is widely used in developed countries, however, it is considered an alternative commercialization channel in developing countries. The development of electronic commerce in Cuba is incipient, mainly in institutions of the agribusiness sector that base their businesses on traditional models. This situation affects the commercial and economic development of these organizations and difficult the supply of food to the Cuban agricultural market. In this research, a strategy was developed to implement e-commerce in a medium-sized enterprise in the Cuban agro-industrial sector. Historical-logical method, in-depth interview, surveys, participant observation, theoretical triangulation and modeling were used as scientific methods. The strategy is aimed to improving the commercial management of the company and promoting its commercial and economic development. This paper contributes to increase the efficiency of Cuban agribusiness companies and the food market in this country through the use of e-commerce.

scholarly journals Identify Contributing Factors of Myocardial Infarction among Cardiac Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 662-667
Author(s):  
Rupal Patel ◽  
Nirali Soni ◽  
Rathod Aayushi ◽  
Rathod Kinjal ◽  
Rathva Jaypal
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
The Developed Countries

Background: Cardiovascular disease is becoming a major burden in developing countries, It is considered as important public health problem not only in the developed countries but also in developing countries like India. It has emerged as a major health burden worldwide. It contributed to 15.3 million deaths in 1996 of which 5.5 million was from developed countries and 9077 million from developing countries. A rise in the prevalence decline in the latter half have been well documented in the industrialized countries. However, the scenario is reversed in developing countries especially India with a steady escalation in prevalence of Cardio Vascular disease Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess contributing factors   among Myocardial Infarction,to find out the association between contributing factors of myocardial infarction with their demographic variable and to identify contributing factors of myocardial infarction.  Methods and Mateials: A descriptive study was carried out on 100 myocardial infarction patients who were admitted to the Intensive coronary care unit of selected cardiology ward in selected hospital, Vadodara. Patients were selected by Non- Probability convenient Sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed though SPSS software. Results: The majority contributing level of Myocardial infarction 42(42%) were mild, 32(32%) of the patients were moderate, 26(26%) of the patients were severe. There was no significant association was found between contributing factors of myocardial infarction with their demographic variables. Conclusion: Result revealed that most of the patients (42%) were having mild contributing factors and were having moderate contributing factors (32%) and least percentage (26%) were having severe contributing factors among myocardial infarction patients.

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