Economic and Social Effects of Parallel Importation of Pharmaceutical Products on Organisational Performance in Pharmaceutical Firms in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Esther Kalekye; Wanyoike Kariuki
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Parallel Importation

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of parallel importation of pharmaceutical products on the organisational performance of pharmaceutical firms in Kenya. The paper is guided by research objectives that are focused on: the economic effects of parallel importation of pharmaceutical products on organisational performance and the social effects of parallel importation of pharmaceutical products on organisational performance. This paper concludes that the issue of economic and social effects of parallel importation and how they affect the organizational performance of pharmaceutical companies in Kenya is rich for exploration and recommends that a study be conducted focusing on parallel importation and organizational performance of pharmaceutical companies; especially now that a clear legal framework on parallel importation has been put in place.

scholarly journals Value Discipline Dimensions on Organisational Performance and Competitive Advantage: A Study on Pharmaceutical Companies in Diabetes Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Debasis Bharadwaj ◽  
Ayesha Farooq ◽  
Biranchi N Jena
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Recent studies highlighted the increase of competiveness and fluctuation in pharmaceutical market share, the industry facing tremendous pressure. Hence the sector has the necessity to embrace the goal of delivering their products and services with value. Specifically, diabetes care in the pharmaceutical industry has been an important agenda for providing high quality services and products to the customers in past few decades. Therefore, the present paper critically views the impact of value discipline dimensions on organizational performance and competitive advantage of diabetes care in both developed and developing countries.Design/ methodology/ Approach: This research involves in secondary data collection due to achieving the objectives framed. Moreover, it perceives the association between the variables is not possible, conducting interviews with respondents in both developed and developing countries are also difficultFindings: The finding shows that there is animpact of value discipline dimensions on organizational performance and competitive advantage of diabetes care in both developed and developing countries via secondary data collection method. Research Limitations/ Implications: This study is limited to secondary research and all the findings inferred are from the information available from secondary sources.Practical implications: The impact of value discipline dimensionson organizational performance and competitive advantage of diabetes care is effective in the context of both developed and developing countries.Originality/ Value: Understanding the value discipline dimensions impact on organizational performance and competitive advantage of diabetes care is anew one. Hence this paper proposes this concept in both developed and developing countries perspective. 

scholarly journals Social and Economic Effects of the Menace of Fulani Herdsmen Crises in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ajibefun
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationship ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Planning Procedure ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Abstract This study investigated the social and economic effects of the menace of Fulani herdsmen crises in Nigeria. The study specifically examined the causes of Fulani herdsmen and farmers clashes in Nigeria, and the social and economic effects of the menace of Fulani herdsmen in Nigeria. The sample of the study consisted of 250 farmers and 150 respondents from Fulani tribe selected from affected Local Government areas in Southwest, Nigeria via purposive sampling technique. A questionnaire titled Economic and Social Effects of Herdsmen Clashes Questionnaire (ESEHCQ) was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of t-test were used to analyze the data generated from respondents. The findings revealed that the major cause of the conflict was destruction of crops. The social effect of the menace of Fulani herdsmen are loss of human life, sexual harassment of human life, acquiring of weapons/arms, reduction in quality of social relationship, reduction of social support and high cases of rape while the economic effect of the menace of Fulani herdsmen are reduction in output and income of farmers/nomads, loss of produce in storage, displacement of farmers, scarcity of agricultural products, loss of house and properties and infrastructural damages. The findings also revealed that farmers and Fulani perception of the causes of Fulani herdsmen and farmers clashes in Nigeria are not different while farmers and Fulani perception of the social effects and economic effects of Fulani herdsmen and farmers clashes in Nigeria are different. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that representatives of the host communities and Fulani herdsmen should be conveyed under a public forum and involved in the decision making and permitted to take part actively in the planning procedure of restoring peace to most of the affected communities.

Government Policy and the Disintegration of Village Community Life and Individual Identity in Urbanising Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-94
Author(s):  
John Fawsitt
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The Social

In this chapter the author tries to assess the implications for society in Japan brought about by the continuing demographic shift from a rural to an urban society, resulting in changes to its communities' environment and social practices. While the decline in a population's economic effects are well-known, the social effects of the flight from the provincial villages, and what this means for society in its cultural, social, and environmental consequences, has been less explored. Particularly in the sphere of identity, the author contends that this phenomenon should be treated as a disintegration that brings unseen consequences rather than a shift, and that government policy is exacerbating the risks rather than alleviating them.

Relationship between Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions and International Trade: The Case of Russian Pharmaceutical Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Alexandra V. Chugunova ◽  
Olga A. Klochko
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Geographical Diversification ◽  
The Relationship

This research studies the relationship of cross-border mergers and acquisitions to international trade through the lens of Russian pharmaceutical market. To this aim, the study analyses the woks of foreign economists dedicated to evaluating the link between foreign direct investment and international trade, and the influence of mergers and acquisitions on countries’ export and import flows. The research also presents a correlation analysis between the volume of Russian pharmaceutical exports and imports and cross-border deals performed by foreign pharmaceutical companies in Russia. We characterize these deals and conduct a comparative analysis of the regional structure of Russian pharmaceutical exports and imports as well as of the countries of origin of buyers in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The results of the analysis indicate a positive relationship between cross-border mergers and acquisitions and Russian pharmaceutical exports, which is reflected in the export volume growth and its geographical diversification. However, it is outlined that particular problems of the industry hinder the amelioration of Russian positions in international exports. Similarly, the relationship between cross-border deals and Russian imports is positive: the major pharmaceutical products supply flow occurs from the countries of origin of buyers in cross-border mergers and acquisitions conducted in the Russian pharmaceutical sector.

Fake Pharmaceuticals: How They and Relevant Legislation or Lack Thereof Contribute to Consistently High and Increasing Drug Prices

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-542
Author(s):  
Merri C. Moken
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals ◽  
New Applications

The use of pharmaceutical products in the United States has increased more than the use of any other health resource from 1960 to 1990. In excess of 9,600 drugs were on the market in 1984, and the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approves approximately 30 new drugs and countless new applications for alterations of already existing drugs each year. In 2001, the $300 billion pharmaceutical industry sold $154 billion worth of prescription drugs in the United States alone, nearly doubling its $78.9 billion in sales in 1997. With such a rapid increase in market domination and expenditures, the U.S. government and many hospitals have focused their attention on the sales and pricing practices of pharmaceutical companies, as well as other potential factors contributing to these escalating prices. One such cause of the steadily increasing prices of brand name pharmaceuticals is the sale of fake or counterfeit pharmaceuticals (also called “look-alike” drugs).

Wealth and preferences for redistribution: The effects of financial assets and home equity in 31 countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 002071522098808
Author(s):  
Liza G Steele
Keyword(s):  
Household Wealth ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Home Equity ◽  
Income Equality ◽  
Financial Wealth ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution ◽  
The Social

How does wealth affect preferences for redistribution? In general, social scientists have largely neglected to study the social effects of wealth. This neglect was partially due to a dearth of data on household wealth and social outcomes, and also to greater scholarly interest in how wealth has been accumulated rather than the social effects of wealth. While we would expect household wealth to be an important component of attitudes toward inequality and social welfare policies, research in this area is scarce. In this study, the relationship between wealth and preferences for redistribution is examined in cross-national global and comparative perspective using data on 31 countries from the 2009 wave of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), the first wave of that study to include measures of wealth. The findings presented compare the effects of two types of wealth—financial assets and home equity—and demonstrate that there are differences in effects by asset type and by redistributive policy in question. Financial wealth is more closely associated with attitudes about income equality, while home equity is more closely associated with attitudes about unemployment benefits. Moreover, while the upper categories of financial wealth have the largest negative effects on support for income equality, it is the middle categories of home equity that are most strongly associated with opposition to unemployment benefits. Effects also differ by country, but not in patterns that theories of comparative welfare states nor political economy would adequately explain.

scholarly journals Drug Discovery Firms and Business Alliances for Sustainable Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3599
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Harada ◽  
Huayi Wang ◽  
Kota Kodama ◽  
Shintaro Sengoku
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
Platform Leadership ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Startup Firms

Biotech startup firms developing pharmaceutical seeds from scientific and technological innovation are burdened by significant Research & Development (R&D) expenses, long-term R&D operations, and low probability of R&D success. To address these challenges while sustainably creating innovations and new drugs, business alliances with existing pharmaceutical companies are one of the most important issues on the management agenda. The present study explores the necessity and significance of business alliances with pharmaceutical companies for the development of drug-discovery by Japanese biotech startup firms under high uncertainty. This study investigates the types of alliances to understand the origins of sustainability of these creative activities. First, we investigate and analyze the details of the partnership and its impact on the products under development based on the publicly available information of 16 drug discovery biotech startup firms in Japan that had become public since 2010. As a result, all firms continued their operations with the funds obtained from the business alliances with pharmaceutical firms at the time of their initial public offering (IPO). In addition, 56% of these firms’ alliance projects (n = 73) were seeded-out, and 32% seeded-in, indicating that they had adopted flexible alliance strategies not limited to seed-out ones. For sustainable going concern of the biotech startup business, it is valuable to consider multiple strategic options: “in-licensing and value up”, “best-in-class”, “platform leadership” and “first-in-class” depending on the characteristics of seeds and environmental restrictions.

Happy families in the pharmaceutical industry

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Parent Companies

Many large pharmaceutical companies operate subsidiaries or divisions with separate names and identities. Some of these subsidiaries have been specially created while others are survivors, in name, of take-overs or mergers. This has led to an increase in the number of trading companies promoting pharmaceutical products and to the practice of transferring established products from the parent companies to their subsidiaries. The results of the proliferation and re-organisation of companies will affect prescribers.

A NEW ERA FOR MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS IN NIGERIA: A GUIDE TO ACHIEVEMENT OF ENHANCED ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND SUCCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
MARYAM ABDULLAHI HABIB
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
New Era ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Management Accountants

Management accountants, in the conventional and contemporary age, have contributed to the development of organisations with regards organisational performance and success which has proven to be latent in Nigeria. The differences in development of organisational performance are dependent of the factors which have influenced both facets of roles of management accountants in Nigeria. This study compares the conventional and contemporary roles of management accountants and their contribution towards enhanced organisational performance and success in Nigeria. Secondary sources were analysed and information was gathered in the bid to produce literature on the issue of concern. The study shows that even with its current situation, management accountants, to varying extents, contribute to organisational performance and success. The study serves as a steer to academicians, potential employees, practicing management accountants and students in ensuring that these roles move with changes in the business environment for the sake of organisational performance and success.

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