scholarly journals Role of protective Pelargonium Sidoides root extract and Curcumin on Mushroom poisoning: An Experimental study in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velid Unsal ◽  
Kurutaş EB ◽  
Güngör M ◽  
Aksan M Emrah
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Pelargonium Sidoides ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

<p>Phalloidin is a cyclic heptapeptide containing cysteine amino acids. The toxicity of phallodin is attributed to the sulfur atom of the sulfur in the indole ring of the molecule and it is responsible for acute gastroenteritis occurring during the initial period of poisoning. Pelargonium sidoides, reinforcing the immune system, antiviral, has antibacterial properties as well as antioxidant properties.The aim of this study is to investigate the protective role of Pelargonium sidoides and Curcumin against mushroom poisoning.</p><p>28 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Group I; Along the study, 0.2  ml saline was administered intraperitoneally to the rats .Group II (phalloidin, 0.5 mg / kg) were administered for 5 days of study. Group III : From the beginning to the end of the study, 0.5  mg / kg phalloidin i.p.,0,2 ml/kg pelargonium sidoides were administered orally. Group IV : From the beginning to the end of the study, 0.5 mg / kg phalloidin intraperitoneally,0.2 ml/kg Curcumin were administered orally.At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed. The blood of the rats was taken. İn serum Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Paraxonase (PON), Arylesterase (ARE) ,Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) , Xhanthine oxidase (XO),Protein Karbonyl (PC), Malondialdehyde(MDA), Nitric oxide (NO),  were measured by spectrophotometry.</p><p>In Group II, MDA, , PC levels and XO activity increased significantly compared to Group I. (p&lt;0.05).PS and Curcumin treatment ameliorated some enzyme levels (SOD, GSH-px, PON, ADA ) in serum with  phalloidin induced rats. Values of Group III approached Group I.</p><p>Phalloidin increases toxic ROS. Pelargonium sidoides and Curcumin  are  antioxidant, antitoxic. And They such as silibin  can protective against mushroom poisoning.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals An Experimental Study to Demonstrate the Extents of Reversible Changes after Withdrawal of Allethrin Based Mosquito Coil Smoke Exposure along with the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C on Induced Testicular Changes in Male Wistar Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Heena Singh ◽  
Dr. Navneet Kumar ◽  
Dr. Raghvendra Singh ◽  
Dr. Punita Manik ◽  
Dr. Archana Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This study was an attempt to delineate the effect of allethrin based mosquito coil exposure on male fertility of wistar albino rats. This also includes two months of discontinuation of exposure to know whether there is any reversibility of changes. We also studied the role of an antioxidant (Vitamin C) in ameliorating the effect caused by the coil.The animals in our study were randomized into four groups: group I served as control rats; group II, III and IV received mosquito coil smoke 8 hours a day, 7 days a week for 12 week. Group IV rats co-administered oral supplementation of Vit. C (20 mg/kg body weight) once in a day for the same time period while group III animals were further kept for 8 weeks without any exposure to demonstrate withdrawal effect. Mean testicular weight was maximum in Group IV(1.83±0.30 gm) followed by group I(1.56±0.19gms), group III(1.22±0.42 gms) and group II(0.64±0.09 gm). Mean sperm count ranged from 83.75±9.61 units in Group II to 100.0±16.68 units in Group III, 130.7±14.14 units in Group IV and 157.7±7.92 units (Group I). Mean % abnormal sperm morphology was maximum in Group II (36.95±7.87%) followed by Group III (30.66±9.59%), Group IV (11.97±2.74%) and Group I (5.37±1.28%). Statistically, this difference was significant (p<0.001). This study demonstrates different types of abnormal sperm morphology. This study has its own merit that it also depicts the possible improvement after discontinuation of exposure and vitamin C supplementation.

Genoprotective role of vitamin E and selenium in rabbits anaesthetized with sevoflurane

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cetin Kaymak ◽  
Ela Kadioglu ◽  
Hulya Basar ◽  
Semra Sardas
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Sevoflurane Anaesthesia ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

In this study, genotoxic effects of repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia were investigated in rabbits with or without antioxidant supplementation. Twenty-one New Zealand male rabbits were included in the study and randomized into three groups as: placebo treated (Group I), vitamin E supplemented (Group II) and selenium supplemented (Group III). Vitamin E and selenium were given intraperitoneally for 15 days before anaesthesia treatment. Anaesthesia was administered using 3% sevoflurane in 4 L/min oxygen for a 3-hour period and continued for 3 days. Blood samples were collected before anaesthesia (Sample 1), after the first, second and third days of sevoflurane administration (Sample 2, Sample 3 and Sample 4 respectively) and the last samples were taken 5 days after the last sevoflurane administration (Sample 5). Genotoxic damage was examined using the comet assay. The degree of damage is assessed by grading the cells into three categories of no migration (NM), low migration (LM) and high migration (HM) depending on the fraction of DNA pulled out into the tail under the influence of the electric field. The number of comets in each sample was calculated (1 × number of comets in category NM + 2 × number of comets in category LM + 3 ×number of comets in category HM) and expressed as the total comet score (TCS), which summarizes the damage frequencies. In Group I, a significant increase in the mean TCSs was observed for Samples 3 and 4 as compared with Sample 1. However, there were no significant differences between Samples 1, 2 and 5. The mean TCS of Sample 4 was significantly higher than Sample 1, 2 and 3 in Group II. Group III demonstrated no significant mean TCSs for any experimental conditions. Statistical differences were also observed between the groups with significant P values. This experimental study points out the presence of DNA damage with repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia and the genoprotective role of antioxidant supplementation on DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of rabbits by highly sensitive comet assay.

Endothelin effects in isolated, perfused lamb lungs: role of cyclooxygenase inhibition and vasomotor tone

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. H443-H450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Toga ◽  
J. Usha Raj ◽  
R. Hillyard ◽  
B. Ku ◽  
J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Arteries And Veins

We have determined the sites of action of endothelin-1 (ET) in the lamb pulmonary circulation. The influence of cyclooxygenase inhibition and baseline vasomotor tone on ET effects was also studied. Lungs of 14 lambs (6-9 wk of age, 12.1 +/- 0.6 kg body wt) were isolated and perfused with blood. Group I lungs (n = 5) were untreated, group II lungs (n = 5) were treated with indomethacin to inhibit cyclooxygenase, and group III lungs (n = 4) were treated with indomethacin and a thromboxane A2 analogue, U-46619, to elevate vasomotor tone. All lungs were perfused with constant flow in zone 3, with left atrial and airway pressures being 8 and 6 cmH2O, respectively. We measured pulmonary arterial pressure and, by the micropuncture servo-null method, pressures in 20- to 50-microns diameter subpleural venules, both before and after each dose of ET was infused (50, 100, 250, and 500 ng/kg). Group I lungs, with high baseline vasomotor tone, exhibited a biphasic response to ET; 50-100 ng/kg of ET dilated both arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET constricted both arteries and veins. In group II lungs with low vasomotor tone, all doses of ET caused constriction of arteries only. In group III lungs (indomethacin treated with elevated vasomotor tone), 50-100 ng/kg of ET caused dilation of arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET induced constriction, this time only in arteries. We conclude that ET has both dilator and constrictor effects in arteries and veins of isolated, perfused lamb lungs. ET-induced arterial and venous dilation is dependent on initial vasomotor tone but not on cyclooxygenase metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals The prognostic role of inflammatory markers in COVID 19 patients – A retrospective analysis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivkumar Gopalakrishnan ◽  
sangeetha kandasamy ◽  
S.Malini ◽  
S.Peer Mohamed ◽  
k.velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
P Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Background. Approximately 5% of COVID-19 patients suffer near fatal disease. Clinical and radiologic features may predict severe disease albeit with limited specificity and radiation hazard. Laboratory biomarkers are eyed as simple, specific and point of care triage tools to optimize management decisions.This study aimed to study the role of inflammatory markers in prognosticating COVID-19 patients.Methodology. A hospital based retrospective study was conducted on COVID-19 adult inpatients classified into three groups as mild disease-recovered [Group I], severe disease-recovered [Group II] and dead [Group III]. Categorical outcomes were compared using Chi square test. Univariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between the explanatory and outcome variables. Unadjusted OR along with 95% CI was calculated. The utility of lab parameters (Ferritin, LDH, D dimer, N/L ratio and PLT/L ratio) in predicting severity of COVID-19 was assessed by Receiver Operative Curve (ROC) analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. The mean age was 49.32 +/- 17.1 years. Among study population, 378 were Group I, 66 Group II, and 56 Group III. Median levels of Ferritin among the 3 groups were 62ng/mL, 388.50 ng/mL and 1199.50 ng/mL. Median value of LDH were 95U/L, 720 and 982.50(p <0.001). D-dimer values of 3 groups were 23.20ng/mL, 104.30 ng/mL and 197.10 ng/mL (p <0.001). CRP done qualitatively was positive in 2 (0.53%), 30 (45.45%) and 53 (94.64%) of patients. The odds of patients suffering severe COVID-19 rose with rising values of ferritin, LDH and D-dimer [unadjusted OR 1.007, 1.004 &1.020]Conclusion. One time measurement of serum ferritin, LDH, D-dimer and CRP is promising to predict outcomes for COVID 19 inpatients. Single qualitative CRP was equally good but more cost effective than quantitative CRP. The most specific combination was NLR, Lymphocyte percentage and D-dimer levels done between 7th – 10th day of symptoms.

scholarly journals Anti-anxiety activity of Eucalyptus tereticornis n-hexane extract in Wistar albino rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Shyamjith Manikkoth ◽  
Sheeba Damodar ◽  
Melinda Sequeira ◽  
Kevin Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
High Therapeutic Index ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: To find out a new agent with a high therapeutic index for the treatment of anxiety, an indigenous medicinal plant Eucalyptus terteticornis was screened for its effect on anxiety in experimental animal model.Methods: Thirty six adult Wistar albino rats of both sexes weighing 175-200g were divided into three groups: Group I: DMSO 10% (0.1ml/200g), Group II: hexane extract of leaves of Eucalyptus terteticornis (ETHE) (100mg/kg/body weight), Group III: Diazepam (1mg/kg orally). All test compounds were administered orally for ten days. On tenth day, after one hour of test compounds administration, Wistar rats were taken for elevated plus maze (EPM) and light dark arena (LDA) tests. Statistical comparisons among the groups were performed by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey Krammer test.Results: The results showed that ETHE treated animals (Group II) significantly (p <0.001) increased the time spent in open arms of EPM and in bright arena of LDA on comparing with normal (Group I).Conclusions: The anti-anxiety activity of Eucalyptus terteticornis can be due to its effect on brain neurotransmitters or due to antioxidant property.

PREFEEDING OF HIGH FAT DIET AND RESISTANCE OF RATS TO INTENSE COLD

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Three groups of 16 albino rats were fed for 45 days, group I, a normal diet of pellets containing 3.5% fat; group II, a diet containing 17% fat in the form of oil; and group III, a diet containing 17% fat in the form of lard. On exposure to cold, the drop of rectal temperature in group I was faster and more pronounced than in group II or group III. It was shown that the larger amount of fat accumulated in the animals fed a high fat diet could not explain, either as a source of energy reserves or as an insulator, the superiority of these diets in maintaining the rectal temperatures at higher levels in the cold. It is postulated that prefeeding of a high fat diet induces changes in the organism which permit higher sustained rates of heat production in the cold.

Exposure of energy-depleted rat trabeculae to low pH improves contractile recovery: role of calcium

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. H1510-H1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. van Hardeveld ◽  
V. J. Schouten ◽  
A. Muller ◽  
E. T. van der Meulen ◽  
G. Elzinga
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Tyrode Solution ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Saving Effect

The beneficial effect of low pH during cardiac ischemia on reperfusion injury has often been attributed to its energy-saving effect due to inhibition of contraction. The role of low pH on Ca2+ accumulation and muscle tension was assessed in energy-depleted tissue by changing the pH of the medium from 7.4 to 6.2 at onset of rigor development during metabolic inhibition (MI), i.e., in the energy-depleted phase. Cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and intracellular H+ (pHi) were measured in rat trabeculae at 20 degrees C with fura 2 and 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, respectively, and tension was recorded. The preparations were energy depleted by stimulation at 1 Hz in glucose-free Tyrode solution with 2 mM NaCN. Rigor developed within 20 min, indicating energy depletion. Resting [Ca2+]i was followed during 50 min (group I) or 100 min (group II) of rigor, and recovery was followed for 60 min in glucose-containing Tyrode solution at 0.2-Hz stimulation. Resting [Ca2+]i rose within 50 min (group I) but stabilized in the 50- to 100-min period (group II). All preparations from group I (n = 5) resumed contraction in the recovery period but in group II (n = 10) 70% failed to recover, and [Ca2+]i remained elevated compared with those that recovered. An extracellular pH of 6.2, resulting in similar pHi, from onset of rigor development (group III) led to only a modest rise in [Ca2+]i during the 100-min rigor period, and all preparations resumed contraction after approximately 3 min in normal medium. ATP was very low in all groups at the end of MI but was still significantly lower in group II than in groups I and III. A beneficial energy-sparing effect of low pH during the rigor phase can therefore not be excluded. We conclude that 1) the capacity of trabeculae to recover from MI depends on the time period and magnitude of the [Ca2+]i rise in the energy-depleted phase and 2) low pH in energy-depleted trabeculae protects against Ca overload, improving recovery after normalization of perfusion conditions.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of CD3, TNF-α, and VEGF Induced by Olanzapine on the Spleen of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Sahar Youssef ◽  
Marwa Salah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii

Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug effective in the treatment of stress-associated psychiatric illnesses, but its effect on the spleen remains unclear. Vitamin C is essential for the optimum function of the immune system. We aim to investigate the effect of Olanzapine on spleen structures and to assess the protective effect of vitamin C. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: group (I), a control; group (II), rats were given vitamin C at 40 mg/kg body weight; group (III), rats were given Olanzapine at 2 mg/kg body weight; and group (IV), rats were given vitamin C and Olanzapine at the same dose of group (II) and group (III) for one month. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) of the olanzapine treated group showed focal areas of cellular depletion and a decrease in the size of the white pulp. The red pulp was expanded and showed marked congestion and dilatation of blood sinusoids. Cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) was significantly reduced, however both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly higher. The administration of vitamin C repaired structural and immunohistochemical changes via increased CD3 and decreased TNF-α and VEGF. Therefore, the oxidative and the inflammatory pathways may be the possible mechanisms underlying olanzapine immunotoxicity. Vitamin C exerted immune modulator and antioxidant effects against olanzapine.

Forearm muscle insulin resistance during hypoglycemia: role of adrenergic mechanisms and hypoglycemia per se

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. E248-E254 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Capaldo ◽  
R. Napoli ◽  
R. Guida ◽  
P. Di Bonito ◽  
S. Antoniello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Extreme Insulin Resistance ◽  
Group Ii

The forearm perfusion technique was used 1) to quantify the muscle metabolism of glucose and gluconeogenic precursors in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and 2) to assess the role of catecholamines and glucose concentration, pe se. Insulin (0.5 mU.kg-1.min-1) was infused for 4 h in three groups of healthy volunteers. In group I (n = 6), blood glucose (BG) was maintained at its basal level (4.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/l). In group II (n = 7), BG was allowed to fall to approximately 3 mmol/l. Group III (n = 6) was similar to group II except that propranolol was infused also. In addition, at 240 min, hypoglycemia was locally corrected by intrabrachial glucose infusion while maintaining the systemic milieu unperturbed. In group I, forearm glucose uptake (FGU) increased from 4.7 +/- 1.3 to a mean value of 37.8 +/- 5.0 mumol.l-1.min-1, whereas in group II it remained unchanged (8.3 +/- 2.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). In group III, propranolol partially prevented the suppression of FGU that increased to 21.6 +/- 5.2 mumol.l-1.min-1 (P < 0.05 vs. group II). Local correction of hypoglycemia normalized the FGU response (36.5 +/- 8.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). Muscle release of lactate, but not of alanine, was slightly higher during hypoglycemia (P = not significant). Forearm blood flow remained unchanged in groups I and III, whereas it increased by approximately 40% in group II (P < 0.05). It is concluded that, during mild hypoglycemia 1) extreme insulin resistance develops in the skeletal muscle, mediated by beta-adrenergic stimulation and reduced glucose mass effect and 2) mobilization of gluconeogenic precursors is only weakly activated.

PREFEEDING OF HIGH FAT DIET AND RESISTANCE OF RATS TO INTENSE COLD

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Three groups of 16 albino rats were fed for 45 days, group I, a normal diet of pellets containing 3.5% fat; group II, a diet containing 17% fat in the form of oil; and group III, a diet containing 17% fat in the form of lard. On exposure to cold, the drop of rectal temperature in group I was faster and more pronounced than in group II or group III. It was shown that the larger amount of fat accumulated in the animals fed a high fat diet could not explain, either as a source of energy reserves or as an insulator, the superiority of these diets in maintaining the rectal temperatures at higher levels in the cold. It is postulated that prefeeding of a high fat diet induces changes in the organism which permit higher sustained rates of heat production in the cold.

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