Contemporaneitatea literaturii – o chestiune de metodă

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 90-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Neuman
Keyword(s):  
National Literature ◽  
Global Literature ◽  
Dead End ◽  
History Of ◽  
Romanian Literature

The following article critically deals with Mihai Iovănel's Istoria literaturii române contemporane. 1990-2020 [The History of Contemporary Romanian Literature. 1990-2020] (Polirom, 2021) from three different, yet intertwined, perspectives, namely 1) the methodological turn, highlighted by an overt post-Marxist attempt at interpreting contemporary Romanian literature, 2) the question of what is - or if there is any - literariness in Istoria literaturii române contemporane. 1990-2020, 3) the issue of transcending normative aesthetics into post-aestheticism as a last resort or perhaps as a new dead-end. Finally, the ideological threshold that divides - or rather emphasis - local national literature as substantially distinct from global literature will be tentatively broached.

Arheologii ale prezentului în Istoria literaturii române contemporane: 1990-2020

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Adriana Stan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Romanian Literature ◽  
Thaw Period

The paper disscusses the literary-historiographical enterprise of Mihai Iovănel’s History of the Contemporary Romanian Literature: 1990-2000 as a turning point in respect with the twofold aesthetic and ethnocentric dominant of this genre in Romania, whose tradition that is traceable back to the pos-Thaw period prolongs into postcommunism. Iovănel’s self-claimed ”postmarxist” approach puts under a deconstructive lens the ideological embededness of the Romanian literary space, whose postcommunist avatar still owes largely to its communist heritage by its indebtment to dominantly conservative and right ideologies. It also switches the analytical focus of the literary history towards the material (i.e. social, institutional, and so forth) conditions of the literary production per se. My essays develops two basic critical points derived from the above-mentioned premises. One concerns the topicality of the literary historian’s leftist vantage point in the view of deciphering long-engrained myths of the national literature and of its criticism, thus providing a clearer, more realist picture of its concrete phenomena. The other debates the utility and eventual drawbacks of the retrospective analysis the historian is forced to assume in order to achieve his deconstructive task, a retrospection that pushes his investigation way behind the confines of ”contemporaneity”.

scholarly journals The Annihilation of Space: A Bad (Historical) Concept

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Alexis D. Litvine
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social History ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Cultural Mediation ◽  
Counter Example ◽  
Dead End ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Representations Of Space

Abstract This article is a reminder that the concept of ‘annihilation of space’ or ‘spatial compression’, often used as a shorthand for referring to the cultural or economic consequences of industrial mobility, has a long intellectual history. The concept thus comes loaded with a specific outlook on the experience of modernity, which is – I argue – unsuitable for any cultural or social history of space. This article outlines the etymology of the concept and shows: first, that the historical phenomena it pretends to describe are too complex for such a simplistic signpost; and, second, that the term is never a neutral descriptor but always an engagement with a form of historical and cultural mediation on the nature of modernity in relation to space. In both cases this term obfuscates more than it reveals. As a counter-example, I look at the effect of the railways on popular representations of space and conclude that postmodern geography is a relative dead end for historians interested in the social and cultural history of space.

Primul mythos de stânga al literaturii române contemporane

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Vancu
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Ideological Bias ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literary Histories ◽  
Romanian Literature

Mihai Iovănel’s History of Contemporary Romanian Literature: 1990-2020 is the first leftist major narrative of Romanian literature – and the shockwaves it generated were due even more to this firm ideological option (the first such one in the history of major Romanian literary histories) than to its literary content proper. The present article aims at asserting the main three accomplishments and shortcomings generated by this ideological option – namely that: i) it succeeds in coalescing the first coherent narrative of the last three decades of Romanian literature; ii) it sometimes turns from an ideological option into an ideological bias – and modifies the factuality of Romanian literature, eliminating important writers, exaggerating the qualities of some other ones, searching to distribute merits (to leftist writers) and punishments (to right-wing ones) according with their political option, and not with their literary qualifications; iii) it is an impressive stylistic achievement in itself, even though quite ironically its author disregards the virtues of aestheticism.

scholarly journals Will Saudi's 2030 Vision Raise the Students’ Awareness to National Literature? Saudi Literature and Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Mubarak Altwaiji ◽  
Majed Alenezi ◽  
Sajeena Gayathrri ◽  
Ebrahim Mohammed Alwuraafi ◽  
Maryam Naif Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Modern Identity

Forming national identity is placed on top of the seven aspects of High-Impact Educational Practices (HIEPs) in Northern Border University. Similarly, the concept of academic awareness to national literature has been one of the main challenges to national literature in the Middle East. Just as the strong presence of national identity in Saudi’s 2030 vision has initiated re-evaluations of how national identity is shaped, Saudi novel has similar concerns that inform social constructs of national identity through overarching themes and comprehensive representations of cultural issues. This study investigates the ways in which two Saudi novelists interrogate the intertwined issues shared by 2030 vision and national novel which address the archetypal Saudi identity: first, that the construction of modern identity requires much cultural openness with the world; second, that construction of Saudi identity needs exclusion of otherness; and third, that national identity depends on the rich history of two historical regions – Najd and Hijaz - that binds identity to a unified territory. The study focuses on how these novels give visibility to issues that are at the core of 2030 vision’s social and cultural aspect such as life style, appearance behaviours, attitudes, accepting differences and willingness to work and volunteer. Drawing on this narrative analysis, the study advocates for the utility of introducing national novel for undergraduate students to help them perceive identity as a position and support their identity enactment.

scholarly journals YURI SHEVELОV’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF UKRAINIAN STUDIES IN THE UKRAINIAN ART MOVEMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Serhiy Denysiuk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Literature ◽  
World Culture ◽  
World War ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Original Idea ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Artistic Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Branch

The article examines the research of famous Ukrainian scientist Yuri Shevelov developing Ukrainian studies associations in period of emigration after World War II, when Ukrainian novelists were united in Ukrainian Аrt Movement (1945-1948). The attention is focused on those meetings which have been arranged by Shevelov and his confederates for the unification of different segments of Ukrainian creative intelligentsia in difficult conditions that were caused by emigration from the motherland. During those years, the scientist was considering questions among the important problems of Ukrainian studies about originality of Ukrainian literature, emigration purpose, provinciality and the methods of its overcoming. It is proved that the concept of national organic style, as a constant of Ukrainian literary and artistic life, was extremely important in the scientist's views. Yuri Shevelov made its main provisions like one of the leading ideologists of Ukrainian Аrt Movement during the existence of this association. The original idea of national organic style had caused the rejection from some part of Ukrainian emigrants and led to a boisterous discussion where there were considered important questions about Ukrainian originality of national literature and its place in European and world culture. The article highlights the essence of discrepancy of views on national organic style between Yuri Shevelov and his opponents. The most famous of them was Volodymyr Derzhavin. There is an emphasis that Ukrainian Аrt Movement went beyond just literature organization due to Shevelov's efforts. It had opened not only a grand literature, but even publishing and research activities and became an important branch in the history of Ukrainian literature in a relatively short period of time.

Measuring the Fire of Life: A Brief History of Metabolic Measurement

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
John R. B. Lighton
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Dead End ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metabolic Measurement

This chapter describes the evolution of respirometry from Leonardo da Vinci’s musings onwards. The works of Boyle, the brilliant and prophetic Mayow, and the well-intentioned but misguided Priestley are described. The bizarre dead-end theory of phlogiston and its apparent validity to the scientists of the day are explained in historical context. The breakthroughs of Lavoisier and Paulze, who realized the central role of oxygen and pioneered the quantitative measurement of metabolism, end the conventional historical part of the chapter, which concludes with a brief description of the deep history of the molecules most important to respirometry.

The global process of thinking global literature: from Marx’s Weltliteratur to Sarkozy’s littérature-monde

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jernej Habjan
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Third World ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Global History ◽  
Global Literature ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Literary Theories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

AbstractThis article outlines the history of research in global literature as a history that is itself global. This kind of global history of the theorization of global literature demands a departure from the existing accounts and their nascent gap between heated theoreticist debates and pacifying historicist anthologies. A global approach to the problematic can bridge this gap because it considers not only what the most influential studies on global literature say, but also where and when they say it. Whether these be Romantic assertions of world literature, post-war pleas for cosmopolitan literature, Cold War polemics about ‘Third World’ literature, or millennial theories of transnational, post-national, planetary, and, indeed, global literature, the article considers not only the object of these studies but also the studies themselves as an object; not only the text but also the context. Hence, a historicization of literary theories of globalization in effect bleeds into a historicization of globalization itself.

The New Realism and a National Literature

PMLA ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1116-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Leaves Of Grass ◽  
National Unity ◽  
New Realism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Post War ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

By the middle of the nineteenth century the controversy over the possibility and desirability of a national American literature had diminished to a somewhat feeble reiteration of old pros and cons. Moreover, Whitman's vigorous renewal of the demand for a distinctly national literature in his 1855 Preface to Leaves of Grass went virtually unnoticed by reason of his own obscurity and the disruption of national unity by sectional disputes. In the upsurge of nationalistic optimism following the Civil War, however, in the promises afforded by a strong and humanitarian Union, the sentiment for a literature distinct through its expression of the new national idealism was both widespread and ardent. But this post-war literary nationalism was short-lived. Before the skeptical attacks of many literary critics and the rising materialism of the Gilded Age, hope for a national literature once more gave way to indifference or despair. If the controversy was to be revived, some new literary stimulus, some new mode or approach toward the achievement of an American literature would have to be forthcoming. Such a stimulus was provided in the rise of realism. The conflict between the new realism and the old romanticism in the 1870's and 1880's is a well-known chapter in the history of American criticism, but the relationship of this new realism to the production of a national literature as it was viewed in the two decades before Whitman's death has not received adequate attention.

scholarly journals Reflection of the traditions and mentality of the people in the national literature of the XX century

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
R. Z. Khairullin ◽  
R. Kh. Sharyafetdinov
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Native People ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
The North ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article deals with the reflection of life, traditions and customs of the native people in the national literature of the XX century in the general and creative work of the bilingual Nivkh writer V. M. Sangi in particular. It is noted that, along with the publication by V. Sangi, “The Epic of the Sakhalin Nivkh Settlement of the Bay of Black Earth” which is the only currently systematized consolidated text that incorporates the thousand-year history of the indigenous people of the North, attention to the depiction of elements of national culture and the disclosure of folk traditions is characteristic of all the literature of the peoples of the Russian Federation. Based on the Russian-language work of the Nivkh writer, who is characterized by the most vivid and deep reflection of the traditions and mentality of the peoples of the North, a comparative analysis of the revealed motives in national literature in general is carried out. Thus, the national outlook is characterized by initial environmental friendliness, a careful attitude of heroes to nature, a feeling of close connection with nature, a conscious rejection of aggressive intervention in nature, from violation of its laws and rhythms, self-identification as part of the natural world, which is also manifested in the desire to preserve the fragile nature of the circumpolar zone and to prevent a global eco-catastrophe.

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