scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SMALL-SCALE GROUNDNUT SHELLING MACHINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233
Author(s):  
O. Z. Ayodeji ◽  
A. A. Adegun ◽  
S. A. Anjorin
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Mechanized Method ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Living Being

Food serves as one of the requirements for the survival of every living being. It exists in various forms and one of this is Groundnut. Groundnut (Arachis hypogea), apart from being considered for food, creates jobs and sources of income for the teeming populace and contributes to GDP of the countries where grown; its contributions to the national growth increase when its production is mechanized. However, in spite of the use of mechanized method of farming, the contributions are still low in developing countries, compared to the developed countries. Some of the factors responsible for this center on the fact that the available machineries are for turkey projects, which are expensive and as such they are viewed irrelevant among the small scale stakeholders in the developing nations, based on the quantity of their produce. In order to find solution to some of these challenges, the present study utilizes the characteristics of both nuts and shells of groundnuts to develop and evaluate the performance of a 20 kg/h groundnut shelling machine. The machine comprises five basic units, namely: the hopper, neck, shelling unit, power transmission unit and frame. The developed machine with a theoretically loading capacity of 2.5 kg/batch, required average of 58.02 minutes to shell the rated capacity to attain shelling efficiency of 80.39 % with loss of 3.125 % due to crushing. Findings show that the minimum productivity of the machine is 20.666 kg/hr, which improves as the moisture content of the feedstock reduces. 

Environmental Management - The Double Edged Sword: A Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Durgesh Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Dangerous Level

Incessant floods and deluge, sudden droughts, tsunami, continuously warming up of the weather, asthma, allergy, breathlessness, time and again, remind of severe problems taking place in our environment. Air pollution and water pollution have kept on baffling us over a period of time since long ages. Initially the advanced countries went for uncontrolled industrialisation ignoring their aftermath on the environment. Dangerous gases mounted up in the environment increasing the pollution in air as well as in water. Not only was it in CO2 and CO mounting up to the above dangerous level but slowly and steadily, damaging the ozone layer too thereby, permitting the ultraviolet rays to reach to the human civilization. Afterwards, the underdeveloped nations have also been following the same path of industrialisation, thereby, adding up to the already preserved prolonged diseases of environment. The developed countries blame developing nations for the pollution issues and greenhouse effect. And the underdeveloped countries cross blame the developed ones for the same. Overall, the environmental issues have come up as the most important issues for the survival of the mankind if the suitable step is not taken to preserve the climate and the environment. Government and the industries have to join hands to combat this menace. This paper proposes to discuss the reasons for the environmental problems and the possible solutions to combat them specially global warming and the climate change.

scholarly journals Conceptual Model of Predictors of SMEs' Performance in the Context of Sudan

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Osman Elsheikh Abdelrahman ◽  
Zarifah Bt Abdullah ◽  
Zakaria Abas
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose: SMEs' performance in Sudan is in downturn and calls for research-based solution. To address this, this conceptual study proposes a model entailing management accounting practices (costing, budgeting, and performance measures practices) as predictors of SMEs' performance. Also, research findings on the relationship between management accounting practices and performance are inconsistent.  Given this, this study proposes a model entailing management accounting practices as determinants of SMEs' performance with moderating role of external business environment. Design/methodology/approach: This work is theorized based on extensive literature survey through which a conceptual model is developed and discussed. Inconsistent relationship between management accounting practices and performance is valuated and established via published research. Also, moderating role of external business environment is discussed and validated based on contingency theory. Findings: This paper proposes a conceptual model to serve as an answer to how Sudanese SMEs' performance can be improved through management accounting practices. Research limitations/implications: The proposed model in this work is based on survey of published research, but it can be empirically solidified further through collection and analysis of relevant data. Practical implications: The paper can help SMEs' owners/ managers and policy makers to understand how properly-adopted management accounting practices can improve SMEs' performance. Originality/value: The proposed conceptual framework is an exceptional and all-inclusive model that will expectantly improve the relevant body of literature and serve as useful guide for stakeholders on how the performances of SMEs can be boosted to enable them catch up with the SMEs' performance level of the developed countries in order to boost the economy of Sudan as a nation.

The Problems of Development Gap between Developed and Developing Nations

2016 ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Debashis Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Development Gap

The persistently large income gap between the Developed Countries (DCs) of the North and relatively Less Developed and Developing Countries (LDDCs) of the South is one of the most notable features of the international community over the last few decades. Such large disparities in income are paralleled by huge gaps in other non-monetary indicators of well being. Different research works in this field have indicated that the average annual growth rate of per capita income in LDDCs has been faster compared to that in DCs particularly since early 1990s indicating a sign of convergence in the growth process. However, the absolute gap between the DCs and LDDCs in terms of per capita GNP has widened over years. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to indicate the pattern of ß-convergence and s- convergence in income growth between DCs and LDDCs during 1960-2012. The study observes that there remains a definite indication of ß and s convergence in the growth rate of real PCI across different groups of nations particularly during the period 2000-2013.

Evolution of Low Technology Waste Water Disposal in the Developed Countries and Its Implication for the Developing Nations

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Robert W. Seabloom ◽  
Dale A. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Lofty Goal ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Developed Nations

The majority of people in developing countries are without reasonable access to safe drinking water and are forced to live without proper sanitation. This lack of safe water and poor sanitation is the major cause of untold misery, disability, disease and death. The United Nations declared the 1980's as the “International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade” with the lofty goal of safe water and adequate sanitation for all by 1990. Realizing it required about 150 years for sanitation systems to evolve in the developed nations, it is important that the developing nations learn from their mistakes. The future sanitation systems for developing countries must use appropriate low cost technologies, rather than the conventional high cost water carriage sewerage technology of the developed nations. These low cost solutions when properly sited, designed, constructed and maintained are no less prestigious and as the overall environmental impacts become understood are in many instances the preferred solution.

Sustainability reporting: an empirical evaluation of emerging and developed economies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Bhatia ◽  
Siya Tuli
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Developed Nations

Purpose This paper aims to investigate and compare the sustainability reporting practices of companies in developing nations (BRIC) with those in the developed economies (the UK and USA) as per GRI framework. Design/methodology/approach Content analysis has been applied on a sample of 232 companies listed on the Stock Exchanges of developing and developed countries (Brazil – BOVESPA index, 39 companies; Russia – RTS index, 21 companies; India – SENSEX, 17 companies; China – SSE 50, 19 companies; the USA – NASDAQ 100 and Amex major market index, 58 companies and the UK – FTSE100, 78 companies). It uses descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test to identify significant comparisons. Findings The findings of this paper suggest that developing nations are providing more information on sustainability practices as compared to the companies in the developed nations. Overall mean disclosure score of developing countries is 59.04 per cent followed by that of the developed countries at 36.47 per cent. The result of independent sample t-test shows these differences significant at 1 per cent level. Practical implications The results of the current paper implicate that the corporate managers of the developing nations should prefer rational and purposive reporting. They should work on the quality of reporting rather than just filling pages because social and environmental issues are more gross in the developing nations as compared to the developed countries. Originality/value Developing and developed nations jointly use the scarce resources and provide output to the world, thereby raising sustenance issues. However, not even a single study was found while reviewing the literature that studied and compared the sustainability reporting practices of these countries.

The Problems of Development Gap between Developed and Developing Nations

2020 ◽  
pp. 515-536
Author(s):  
Debashis Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Development Gap

The persistently large income gap between the Developed Countries (DCs) of the North and relatively Less Developed and Developing Countries (LDDCs) of the South is one of the most notable features of the international community over the last few decades. Such large disparities in income are paralleled by huge gaps in other non-monetary indicators of well being. Different research works in this field have indicated that the average annual growth rate of per capita income in LDDCs has been faster compared to that in DCs particularly since early 1990s indicating a sign of convergence in the growth process. However, the absolute gap between the DCs and LDDCs in terms of per capita GNP has widened over years. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to indicate the pattern of β-convergence and σ- convergence in income growth between DCs and LDDCs during 1960-2012. The study observes that there remains a definite indication of β and σ convergence in the growth rate of real PCI across different groups of nations particularly during the period 2000-2013.

Development of a Moringa Oleifera Seed Shelling Machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Muritala O. Iyanda ◽  
Elijah A. Alhassan ◽  
Christian O. Osueke ◽  
Clinton Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Discharge Unit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Machine Speed ◽  
Small Scale Industries ◽  
Local Materials

The rising awareness of the importance of moringa seeds has geared interest in its mass production. A major step in making the seed available for it vast usage is shelling. Most rural farmers of moringa seed use the traditional methods of shelling. These methods are tedious, time consuming with attendance low outputs that produce unhygienic products. The need to develop appropriate machines and equipment for processing of moringa seeds become necessary. This work developed a moringa seed shelling machine using available local materials. The development of the shelling machine was based on engineering mechanics of impact and shearing forces. The machine consists of a hopper, shelling unit, shafts, cleaning unit, sieve, discharge unit, power transmission unit and frame. The machine was evaluated based on variation in speed and feedrate to obtain the shelling efficiency, throughput capacity and percentage seed damage at 14% (d.b) moisture content powered by a 0.75 kW electric motor. The results obtained show that the machine has the highest shelling efficiency of 72.72% at 60 g/min feedrate with a throughput capacity of 8.31 kg/hr and the minimum percentage seed breakage of 2.22%. Machine speed of 250 rpm favoured the smooth operation and performance of the machine. The machine is very useful for rural people, farmers and small scale industries for post-harvest processing of moringa seeds since it cost and operational principle is within their technical know-how and capability.

The applications, advantages and challenges in the implementation of HRIS in Pakistani perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibullah Khan ◽  
Syed Karamatullah Hussainy ◽  
Kamran Khan ◽  
Abdullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resource Information ◽  
Manpower Requirement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Lack Of Commitment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find the applications, advantages and challenges of human resource information system (HRIS) from different sectors of Pakistan. It also finds the demographic perspective of HRIS. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaire was adopted from previous studies. Responses were gathered through social websites and physically. The questionnaire was sent to 491 respondents from which only 99 responded. Reliability, t-testing and chi-square were used for the analysis. Findings Result shows that HRIS is widely used in Pakistani organizations for the purpose of accessing employees’ information, absence monitoring and performance appraisal to get quick responses to information, reduction of error and paperwork. It helps standardizing the program and manpower requirement, but lack of commitment by the lower management is the most significant barrier for its implementation because of fear of change by them. It is also found that there is no association between gender and adoption of HRIS but different employment position perceives differently the adoption of HRIS. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to the Pakistani organizations. The research paper is useful for the Pakistani human resources professionals, as it gives the local perspective of HRIS. Originality/value The previous results are from the developed countries and there is merely any reliable paper found on the several aspects of HRIS in Pakistani context. The research has also focused on the demographic variables that are employment position and gender with respect to their perception on the adoption of HRIS.

scholarly journals Leather Waste Management Scenario in Developed and Developing Nations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 852-857
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations

Solid waste management has been a serious issue of concern for both developing and developed nations as it stands out to be a potential threat in term of health hazards, environmental exploitation and economic burden. Hence, a properly well-designed eco-friendly solid waste management system is mandatory. Most of the developed countries had witnessed success in handling solid waste generated by households and industries by implementing closed-loop supply chain management (CLSCM) and majorly by outsourcing. But, solid waste management scenario in developing nations is entirely different and is not even in initial stage. This paper specially emphasize on leather industries solid waste management as leather industries around the world possess threat to mankind and environment. In this study, papers on leather solid waste management is selected and reviewed. Finally, a strategic comparison is made between the waste management techniques followed in developing and developed nation.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

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