Environmental Management - The Double Edged Sword: A Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Durgesh Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Dangerous Level

Incessant floods and deluge, sudden droughts, tsunami, continuously warming up of the weather, asthma, allergy, breathlessness, time and again, remind of severe problems taking place in our environment. Air pollution and water pollution have kept on baffling us over a period of time since long ages. Initially the advanced countries went for uncontrolled industrialisation ignoring their aftermath on the environment. Dangerous gases mounted up in the environment increasing the pollution in air as well as in water. Not only was it in CO2 and CO mounting up to the above dangerous level but slowly and steadily, damaging the ozone layer too thereby, permitting the ultraviolet rays to reach to the human civilization. Afterwards, the underdeveloped nations have also been following the same path of industrialisation, thereby, adding up to the already preserved prolonged diseases of environment. The developed countries blame developing nations for the pollution issues and greenhouse effect. And the underdeveloped countries cross blame the developed ones for the same. Overall, the environmental issues have come up as the most important issues for the survival of the mankind if the suitable step is not taken to preserve the climate and the environment. Government and the industries have to join hands to combat this menace. This paper proposes to discuss the reasons for the environmental problems and the possible solutions to combat them specially global warming and the climate change.

Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities: Did This Principle Ever Exist?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Armin Rosencranz ◽  
Kanika Jamwal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Historical Responsibility ◽  
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities ◽  
Self Differentiation

This article argues that the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)’s conception of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDRRC) was never effectively implemented through the Kyoto Protocol. The investments under the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism suggest that CBDRRC has been used by developed countries to buy a “right to pollute”, i.e., maintaining or even increasing their greenhouse gas emissions, while investing in clean energy in developing nations, thus defeating the essence of CBDRRC as intended under the UNFCCC. Second, it points out that the Paris Agreement reflects a significant shift in the CBDRRC, both in terms of its textual understanding as well as its implementation. A qualifier, “in the light of national circumstances”, was added to the principle of CBDRRC in the Paris Agreement, allowing a form of voluntary self-differentiation. This qualifier diluted a top-down, objective analysis of States’ commitments. For several scholars, this shift has meant a softening of the principle, making the “differentiation” more dynamic and flexible. In the authors’ opinion, the qualifier is a fundamental modification of the principle to make it politically more palatable. It completely disregards the notion of historical responsibility for climate change, which was the cornerstone of CBDRRC as conceived under the UNFCCC. Therefore, rather than presenting a more flexible understanding of UNFCCC’s conception of CBDRRC, the Paris Agreement marks a total departure from it. Lacking an explicit redefinition of the principle of CBDRRC, it is misleading to contend that the Paris Agreement is still anchored in it.

One Atmosphere

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Singer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Third Assessment Report ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Full Force

There can be no clearer illustration of the need for human beings to act globally than the issues raised by the impact of human activity on our atmosphere. That we all share the same planet came to our attention in a particularly pressing way in the 1970s when scientists discovered that the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) threatens the ozone layer shielding the surface of our planet from the full force of the sun's ultraviolet radiation. Damage to that protective shield would cause cancer rates to rise sharply and could have other effects, for example, on the growth of algae. The threat was especially acute to the world's southernmost cities, since a large hole in the ozone was found to be opening up each year over Antarctica, but in the long term, the entire ozone shield was imperiled. Once the science was accepted, concerted international action followed relatively rapidly with the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1985. The developed countries phased out virtually all use of CFCs by 1999, and the developing countries, given a 10-year period of grace, are now moving toward the same goal. Getting rid of CFCs has turned out to be just the curtain raiser: the main event is climate change, or global warming. Without belittling the pioneering achievement of those who brought about the Montreal Protocol, the problem was not so difficult, for CFCs can be replaced in all their uses at relatively little cost, and the solution to the problem is simply to stop producing them. Climate change is a very different matter. The scientific evidence that human activities are changing the climate of our planet has been studied by a working group of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an international scientific body intended to provide policy makers with an authoritative view of climate change and its causes. The group released its Third Assessment Report in 2001, building on earlier reports and incorporating new evidence accumulated over the previous five years. The report is the work of 122 lead authors and 515 contributing authors, and the research on which it was based was reviewed by 337 experts.

Strength and Impotence. The Developing Countries and the Development in New Territories

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Willy Østreng
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Third World

This article examines the possible political and economic effects of large-scale mineral extraction from the seabed. The findings presented indicate that development in new territories may conceivably serve to exacerbate existing conflict dimensions, notably the North/South dimension in global politics. Because of the developed countries' monopoly on know-how and economic capability, exploration and exploitation of the inorganic resources of the ocean floor has de facto been the exclusive domain of these countries. On the basis of this the author shows that if large-scale production of seabed resources should become a reality in the near future, the underdeveloped countries will be forced to watch it from the sidelines. As a consequence, the exploitation of offshore raw materials will probably contribute to the further widening of the gap between developed and underdeveloped countries. Further commenting on the fact that the latter today are the main producers of the most promising seabed resources, the author expresses the view that exploitation will have a detrimental effect on the economics of the Third World countries, since it might lead to overproduction and price reductions.

scholarly journals O desenvolvimento urbano sustentável – uma utopia possível?

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulma das Graças Lucena SCHUSSEL
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Local Agenda 21 ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship

O século XX, ao mesmo tempo em que se caracterizou pela associação do conceito de desenvolvimento ao uso e consumo crescentes do solo, das fontes de energia e dos recursos naturais de forma geral, deu origem à formação das concentrações metropolitanas. Essas concentrações aglutinaram ao longo do tempo fortes processos de degradação ambiental. Uma das respostas encontradas para essas questões vem sendo dada pela Agenda 21, adotada por aproximadamente 179 países na Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, em 1992, no Rio de Janeiro. A presente reflexão trata das diferenças entre as Agendas 21 locais desenvolvidas nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Propõe a discussão sobre o inter-relacionamento das questões socioambientais do município com o espaço regional e as decorrentes limitações na implementação dos propósitos da Agenda 21 local. Sustainable urban development – a possible utopia? Abstract The 20th century has been characterized by the association of the developmental concept with the increasing use and ground consumption, the energy sources and the natural resources in general. At the same time, the metropolitan concentrations formation began and generates, throught out the years, an strong process of environmental degradation. One of the answers founded for these questions has been given through the Agenda 21, adopted by approximately 179 countries in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, in 1992, at Rio de Janeiro. The present reflection is about the differences between the local Agenda 21 implemented in the developed countries and in the developing countries. It proposes the discussion about the relationship between the municipality’s social and environmental issues and regional space and the consequent limitations at the implementation of the Agenda 21 purposes.

The International Monetary Fund in Economic Development: Equality and Discrimination

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-48
Author(s):  
F. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Finance ◽  
World Bank ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

While the demand for economic development by underdeveloped countries has a long history, two landmarks call for brief comment: 1960, when a massinflux of newly-independent underdeveloped countries lent political strength to their clamours; and 1973, when the spectacular rise in oil prices became a potential weapon of the developing countries. The chief political forum of the latter has been the General Assembly of the United Nations, but battle has also been done in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), chief forum on international trade. Some concessions have been wrested from the developed countries, but progress in the two chief fora of public international finance, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, has been slow. Both of these international institutions have become the focus of manoeuvre between the developing and the developed countries.

Planning in Africa

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelmalek Ben-Amor ◽  
Frederick Clairmonte
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Developed Countries

Economic planning is now a commonly acclaimed ideal in the underdeveloped countries, particularly in Africa. Both the theory and the practice were transmitted by the developed countries. Certainly, the advanced economies have very different conceptions of planning, depending on whether they are centrally planned or market-oriented. The former embrace economic planning by ideological predilection; the latter are moving in the direction of ‘indicative’ planning, or at least state intervention on an extended scale. This course was induced by the goad of the crisis-ridden years of the great depression, the exigencies of World War II, the pressures of post-war reconstruction, and the stupendous technological and organisational revolution of our times. In the metropolitan countries—France, Belgium, and the United Kingdom—the idea and practice of economic planning was propagated to the colonies during and after the war.

scholarly journals Questões ambientais nos livros didáticos de geografia das escolas municipais e estaduais de Jataí (GO)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-297
Author(s):  
Andrea Pereira Pinto ◽  
Zilda de Fátima Mariano
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Pollution De L’Air ◽  
Critical View ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Changements Climatiques ◽  
State Schools

Resumo O livro didático tem sido um instrumento empregado de maneira quase unânime, mas nem sempre é aproveitado de forma criteriosa no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar as questões ambientais sobre a Educação Ambiental (EA), as mudanças climáticas, o desmatamento, a poluição do ar e da água nos livros didáticos do 6º ano das escolas municipais e estaduais de Jataí (GO). A metodologia consistiu em Silva (2004) para analisar os conteúdos ambientais nos livros didáticos, considerando os conteúdos abordados, a concepção de natureza, a consistência e as lacunas. Como resultado, o tema EA não é tratado em nenhum dos livros. O livro do município expressa uma visão ambiental nos alunos ao contemplar os temas propostos para a pesquisa. Já no livro do estado, percebe-se que as questões ambientais são discutidas com quantidade insuficiente de atividades, figuras, gráficos e textos contextualizados sobre os impactos ambientais e que estimulem a conscientização dos alunos. Dessa forma, os livros dão apoio para que o professor possa trabalhar suas aulas de forma interativa com os alunos, visando o aprendizado deles, levando-os a uma visão crítica das questões ambientais, considerando as sugestões dadas para abordá-las com maior aprofundamento. Palavras-chave: livro didático, ensino de geografia, Jataí (GO).   Abstract The textbook has been an instrument used almost unanimously, but it is not always used in a judicious way in the teaching-learning process. The objective of the research was to analyze the environmental issues on Environmental Education (EA), climate change, deforestation, air and water pollution in the textbooks of the 6th grade of the municipal and state schools of Jataí (GO). The methodology consisted of Silva (2004) to analyze the environmental contents in the textbooks, considering the contents covered, the conception of nature, the consistency and the gaps. As a result, the EA theme is not covered in any of the books. The book of the municipality expresses an environmental vision in the students when contemplating the themes proposed for the research. In the state textbook, we can see that environmental issues are discussed with insufficient amounts of activities, figures, graphs and texts contextualized on environmental impacts and that stimulate students' awareness. In this way, the books provide support so that the teacher can work his classes in an interactive way with the students, aiming at their learning, taking them to a critical view of environmental issues, considering the suggestions given to approach them with more depth. Keywords: textbook, geography education, Jataí (GO).   Résumée Le manuel a été un instrument utilisé presque à l'unanimité, mais il n'est pas toujours utilisé de manière judicieuse dans le processus d'enseignement-apprentissage. L'objectif de la recherche était d'analyser les questions environnementales sur l'éducation environnementale (EE), les changements climatiques, la déforestation, la pollution de l'air et de l'eau dans les manuels scolaires de la 6e année des écoles publiques et municipales de Jataí (GO). La méthodologie a consisté à Silva (2004) pour analyser le contenu de l'environnement dans les manuels scolaires, compte tenu du contenu couvert, le concept de la nature, la cohérence et les lacunes. Par conséquent, le thème EA n'est couvert dans aucun livre. Le livre de la municipalité exprime une vision environnementale chez les étudiants lors de la réflexion sur les thèmes proposés pour la recherche. Déjà dans l'état du livre, il est clair que les questions environnementales sont discutées avec des activités insuffisantes, des chiffres, des graphiques et des textes contextualisées sur les impacts environnementaux et à améliorer leur prise de conscience des élèves. Ainsi, les livres apportent un soutien afin que l'enseignant puisse travailler de manière interactive vos classes avec les élèves, dans le but de leur apprentissage, les menant à une vision critique des questions environnementales, en tenant compte des suggestions données pour les traiter avec une plus grande profondeur. Mots-clés: manuel scolaire, enseignement de la géographie, Jataí (GO).

scholarly journals CARBON TRADING ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA

FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinta Wahyu Purnama Sari ◽  
Widya Krulinasari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Trading Mechanisms ◽  
The Government

This research aims to describe the carbon trading according to international law and its implementation in Indonesia. It uses juridical-normative research methods. Climate change is one of the major environmental issues in the world, it causes an adverse effect to human life. Basically it comes from human activities. To follow up the issue, then countries try to solve it by taking an action to reduce the emissions. Through the first Earth Summit in Rio De Janeiro-Brazil in 1992, which produces the Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); one of the achievements of the UNFCCC is the Kyoto Protocol, wherein the Protocol contains two important things, namely the commitment of developed countries to reduce the rate of emissions compared to 1990, and the possibility of carbon trading mechanisms. Indonesia is one of the countries that have ratified both the UNFCCC through Law No. 6 of 1994, and the Kyoto Protocol through Law No. 17 of 2004. There are also some related regulations. However, of all existing laws, the government has not put out implementing regulations or instructions about carbon trading specifically. Keywords: Carbon Trading, International Law, Indonesia.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: NEW STRATEGIES FOR COMPANIES OPERATING IN DEVELOPING NATIONS

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 727-729
Author(s):  
Louis J. Armstrong ◽  
Steven E. James
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Regulatory Standards

ABSTRACT As oil exploration and development move into less developed countries, many companies are faced with the problem of environmental compliance. New countries, such as Azerbaijan, and rapidly developing countries, such as Indonesia, have the potential to change the structure of oil supply and demand in the future, but have not yet fully developed the environmental parameters that will govern oil and gas operations. Environmental managers of companies doing business or considering investing in these new markets now have new environmental issues to consider. The types of issues often encountered include the following:Should companies apply the same environmental standards and environmental management to their activities in less developed countries as they do in their own country?How do companies protect themselves from evolving and changing regulations in developing nations?What is the role of Western companies in transferring environmental technologies to developing nations? To answer these questions, companies need to apply new techniques for understanding environmental regulations. They need to not only collect information on applicable environmental rules and regulations but also understand the history or background of the regulations; the external forces, both regional and international, driving the regulations; the institutional capabilities of the regulatory bodies; and the regulatory standards being applied by their peers. Once the regulatory climate is understood, companies need to develop a strong environmental management strategy that should include, incorporate, or allow for the development of an environmental management system; the prioritization of short-term liabilities, such as oil spills or accidental releases; the development and application of appropriate standards when none exist; and the development and implementation of an institutional strengthening program.

Social Media and Environmental Activism: Framing Climate Change on Facebook by Global NGOs

2020 ◽  
pp. 107554702097164
Author(s):  
Hong Tien Vu ◽  
Matthew Blomberg ◽  
Hyunjin Seo ◽  
Yuchen Liu ◽  
Fatemeh Shayesteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Environmental Activism ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Impact Action ◽  
Practical Implications

Analyzing Facebook content produced by 289 global climate nonprofits from 18 countries, this study investigates these NGOs’ framing of climate change. Of the three protest frames, diagnostic was most popular. Of the three aspects of climate change, including impact, action, and efficacy, action was used most frequently, while efficacy was the least common. Messages refer to effects at the present time. NGOs from developed countries are more likely than those from developing nations to discuss climate actions. Climate impacts are more likely to appear in these NGOs’ persuasive messages than efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

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