scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF CREATION OF MISCANTHUS SINENSIS AND MISCANTHUS SACCHARIFLORUS TETRAPLOID LINES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maliarenko O.A. ◽  
Maliarenko O.A. ◽  
Maliarenko O.A. ◽  
Maliarenko O.A. ◽  
Maliarenko O.A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Status Differentiation ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Tetraploid Level ◽  
Genome Ploidy

The work aimed at creating tetraploid lines of Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus species. To achieve this goal, we used methods of microclonal propagation, fluorescence cytophotometry, and genomic status differentiation using computer software of AP ‘Partec’ (Germany). It was found that the percentage of cultivated shoots of Miscanthus sacchariflorus for an exposure period of 1 day was 18.86 ± 5.37%. To compare, it was51.78 ± 6.51% in Miscanthus sinensis. The best indicators of tetraploid induction in Miscanthus sinensis were observed for the exposure to colchicine for 2 days with polyploidization efficiency of 31.25% and 21.42%, and in Miscanthus sacchariflorusf or 2 hours and 6 hours with rates of 35.0% and 27.3%, respectively. To stabilize the tetraploid level of genome ploidy, we used Murashige and Skoog liquid media (1962) supplemented with 0.005% colchicine and an exposure period of myxoploids for 6 hours. The flowering of new tetraploid clones in the conditions of Ukraine was observed on the second year of vegetation in late September and the beginning of October with the formation of fertile pollen grains. However, development of a microgametophyte depends on temperature conditions, both for Miscanthus sinensis (4x) and Miscanthus sacchariflorus (4x). Breeding schemes for the formation of anisoploid populations have also been developed: M sinensis (4x) x M sinensis (2x); M. sa?chariflorus (4x) x M sinensis (2x); M sinensis (4x) x M. sachariflorus (2x)

scholarly journals Prospects and methods of polyploid selection of new high-yielding miscanthus clones in the natural climatic conditions of Ukraine

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Roik ◽  
N. S. Kovalchuk ◽  
O. A. Zinchenko ◽  
M. Ya. Humentyk ◽  
H. S. Honcharuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Tetraploid Level ◽  
Selection Of

Goal. Expanding the breeding trait collection of breeding genotypes of the genus Miscanthus (Anderson) and the genetic basis for new allotriploid clones by transferring components for hybridization of natural wild species Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus to the tetraploid level. Methods. Cytological, biotechnological, fluorescent cytphotometry, field, laboratory. Results. The efficiency of polyploidisation for induction of new tetraploid forms of miscanthus in liquid nutrient media supplemented with colchicine (0.05% mass) and for stabilization of myxoploid shoots (0.005% mass) for 6 h of cultivation is examined. The period of exposure for Miscanthus sinensis (2x=2x= 38) and Miscanthus sacchariflorus (2x = 2x = 38) varied from 2 hours to 3 days depending on the genetic origin of the material, with transfer to a hormonal environment. The best indicators of tetraploid induction for Miscanthus sinensis were observed for the exposure period of 2 days with polyploidization efficiency (Db%) of 31.25% and 21.42%, and for Miscanthus sacchariflorus 2 and 6 hours with 35.0% and 27.3%, respectively. The technology of transfering rooted shoots into the soil on the Yaltushkiv Eperimental Breeding Farm was improved and the composition of the soil mixture that provided 99% rooting of culture seedlings at a humidity of 60−70% and air temperature of 35−55°С was found. Conclusions. New biotechnological tetraploid lines of Miscanthus sinensis (2xn=4x=76) and Miscanthus sacchariflorus (2xn=4x=76) were created in the conditions of liquid nutrient media supplemented with colchicine (0.05 % mass). It is investigated that flowering of new tetraploid clones in the conditions of Ukraine for the second year of vegetation occurs from late September to early October with formation of fertile pollen grains.

scholarly journals Potential sources of high value chemicals from leaves, stems and flowers of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Goliath’ and Miscanthus sacchariflorus

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifat Parveen ◽  
Thomas Wilson ◽  
Iain S. Donnison ◽  
Alan R. Cookson ◽  
Barbara Hauck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Potential Sources

A Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) “Super-Clone” Remains on U.S. Sorghum and Johnsongrass and Feeds on Giant Miscanthus

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Karen Harris-Shultz ◽  
Xinzhi Ni
Keyword(s):  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
New Host ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Giant Miscanthus ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Simple Sequence

Abstract Since 2013, the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner, has been a perennial pest to U.S. sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, production with yield declines in susceptible hybrids ranging from 50 to 100%. Previous studies have found that a single clonal genotype predominates in samples collected from sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), sorghum, and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense [L.] Persoon), from 2013 to 2017 in the continental United States. We sought to determine if the “super-clone” persists in sugarcane aphid samples collected in 2018 from five U.S. states and one territory and to identify the multilocus lineage of samples collected in 2018–2019 from a new host, giant miscanthus, Miscanthus sinensis× Miscanthus sacchariflorus Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize. Thirty-one samples collected from Columbus grass (Sorghum almum Parodi), Johnsongrass, sorghum, and giant miscanthus in 2018 were genotyped using 9 simple sequence repeat markers; 29 samples had identical alleles to the multilocus lineage F super-clone. All samples (n = 7) collected from giant miscanthus in 2018–2019 also had identical alleles to the predominant genotype.

scholarly journals Cold Hardiness and the Effects of a Low-input Regime on 15 Tall, Warm-season, Native and Ornamental Grasses in the Upper Midwestern United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Zuk ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Ted Helms ◽  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Fifteen tall, warm-season, native and ornamental grasses were subjected to a 3-year, low-input, and cold hardiness trial conducted from 2010 to 2013 in zone 4a at Fargo and Mandan, ND. Grasses tested were big bluestem [species (Andropogon gerardii)], ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem (A. gerardii), silver banner grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus ×giganteus), hardy pampas grass, (Saccharum ravennae), and the following maidengrass (Miscanthus sinensis) cultivars: Silver Feather, Narrow Leaf, Blondo, Autumn Light, Condensatus, Grosse Fontaine, Morning Light, Gracillimus, Strictus, and Zebrinus. In addition to survival, the grasses were also rated for spring vigor and fall quality (0–10 scale for both evaluations), fall leaf length, and fall flower height. The grasses received no management during the trial other than irrigation during the first season and weed control. The grasses were exposed to subsurface soil temperatures (at 6-inch depth) that reached as low as −8.6 °C at the Fargo location and −6 °C at the Mandan location. The study revealed that all big bluestem (species), ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem, and silver banner grass survived at both locations; silver banner grass scored the highest spring vigor ratings; silver banner grass and ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem scored the highest fall quality ratings; silver banner grass produced the longest fall leaf length; and ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem, big bluestem (species), and silver banner grass produced the tallest fall flowers.

Miscanthus: genetic diversity and a method of ploidy variability identification using fluorescent cytophotometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
N. Kovalchuk ◽  
M. Roik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Genome Ploidy

Aim. Due to the introduction of the Miscanthus species, attributed to the European gene pool, in Ukraine, it is necessary to develop methods for the determination of genome ploidy and adjust them to the foreign methods in order to ensure high purity of the planting material, to study genetic diversity, to produce new polyploid lines and select alternative Miscanthus × giganteus clones (3x). Methods. Cytological, biotechnological, fl uores- cence cytophotometry, fi eld, laboratory. Results. Domestic diploid millet (Panicum) variety of Veselopodilska Research Breeding Station and grain sorghum (Sorghum) variety Dniprovsky, whose number of chromosomes was previously investigated, served as standard genotypes for the ploidy identifi cation with Partec ploidy analyser (Germany). Using the technique, various species of miscanthus, namely Miscanthus × giganteus (3x), Miscanthus sinensis (2x), and Miscanthus saccharifl orus (2x) were selected and multiplied by clones. The heterogeneity of the Miscanthus × giganteus (3x) population of the two ecotypes was determined based on the level of genome ploidy in the vegetative reproduction of rhizomes which originated from Poland and Austria. Conclusions. Due to the complexity of cytological research, the need to involve the representatives of the Miscanthus genus in the development of bioenergy in Ukraine, and to differentiate them both in vivo and in vitro conditions to assimilate the European gene pool, a new methodology for identifi cation of plant material of different miscanthus species using the method of fl uorescence cytophotometry is presented. The ploidy of commercial foreign samples of miscanthus, introduced in the network of research and selection stations of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beets of NAAS, was identifi ed.

scholarly journals Methods of Increasing Miscanthus Biomass Yield for Biofuel Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8368
Author(s):  
Evgeny Chupakhin ◽  
Olga Babich ◽  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Svetlana Ivanova ◽  
Ekaterina Budenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus

The lignocellulosic perennial crop miscanthus, especially Miscanthus × giganteus, is particularly interesting for bioenergy production as it combines high biomass production with low environmental impact. However, there are several varieties that pose a hazard due to susceptibility to disease. This review contains links showing genotype and ecological variability of important characteristics related to yield and biomass composition of miscanthus that may be useful in plant breeding programs to increase bioenergy production. Some clones of Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis are particularly interesting due to their high biomass production per hectare. Although the compositional requirements for industrial biomass have not been fully defined for the various bioenergy conversion processes, the lignin-rich species Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sacchariflorus seem to be more suitable for thermochemical conversion processes. At the same time, the species Miscanthus sinensis and some clones of Miscanthus × giganteus with low lignin content are of interest for the biochemical transformation process. The species Miscanthus sacchariflorus is suitable for various bioenergy conversion processes due to its low ash content, so this species is also interesting as a pioneer in breeding programs. Mature miscanthus crops harvested in winter are favored by industrial enterprises to improve efficiency and reduce processing costs. This study can be attributed to other monocotyledonous plants and perennial crops that can be used as feedstock for biofuels.

scholarly journals Assembly of 23 Plastid Genomes Provides the Chloroplast View on Miscanthus Origins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyfed Lloyd Evans
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Miscanthus Lutarioriparius ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus

AbstractDespite its economic importance as a new biofuel resource, little work has been done on the large-scale phylogenetics of Miscanthus. Twenty-three complete Miscanthus chloroplasts were assembled and annotated. A phylogeny was performed with these assemblies, which shows the relationships between the main Miscanthus species and sub-species. The phylogeny demonstrates that there is no meaningful distinction between Miscanthus floridulus and Miscanthus transmorrisonensis as the accessions are not distinct. However, at the crown of the tree there is a clear distinction between M. sinensis malepartus and M. sinensis condensatus subspecies. The phylogeny reaveals that the female parent of Miscanthus xgiganteus is Miscanthus lutarioriparius rather than Miscanthus sacchariflorus. The phylogeny also shows a novel hybrid between Miscanthus oligostachyus and Miscanthus sinensis, a grouping to which Miscanthus sinensis var Purpurascens belongs. This hybrid form is named Miscanthus ×oligostachyus.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Colchicine and Trifluralin in Creating In Vitro Autotetraploid Gaura lindheimeri Engelm. and Gray

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1656-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace M. Pietsch ◽  
Neil O. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Layer ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Conformation Changes ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Tetraploid Level ◽  
Pollen Diameter ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

Gaura lindheimeri is a diploid herbaceous perennial species native to Texas and Louisiana and winter hardy only to USDA hardiness zone 5. A potential source of winter hardiness is G. coccinea Pursh., a polyploid widely distributed in North America; of particular interest are autotetraploid populations of G. coccinea from Minnesota. To facilitate interspecific hybridization, a tetraploid G. lindheimeri would be advantageous. Two G. lindheimeri genotypes, MN selections 443-1 and 01G-02, were treated with two different antimitotic agents at two concentrations, trifluralin—15 and 30 μm and colchicine—0.25 and 1.25 mm, along with appropriate controls, to determine the frequency of chromosome doubling. Two-node stem sections were treated for 12, 24, or 48 h and then rooted and grown to flowering. Pollen diameter was measured as an indicator of chromosome doubling in cell layer LII, and morphologic characteristics (days to flower, flower size, plant height, inflorescence height, and plant width) were recorded for all plants. Chromosome doubling was not observed in any plant treated with trifluralin. Based on pollen diameter, genotype 443–1 only had chromosome doubling in the colchicine 1.25 mm concentration when treated for 12 h. All durations of colchicine at 1.25 mm were successful for genotype 01G-02 as well as a small percent treated with colchicine at 0.25 mm treated for 48 h. Autotetraploid plants (2n = 4x = 28) had larger flowers in both genotypes, and autotetraploid derivatives of genotype 01G-02 flowered earlier and were taller than diploid plants. Conformation changes from three-lobed to four-lobed pollen grains were observed when pollen diameter approached that expected of 2n pollen. Visual screening of pollen for conformation changes can quickly determine if chromosome doubling in cell layer LII has occurred. With the autotetraploid G. lindheimeri derived from colchicine application, crosses can be performed with autotetraploid G. coccinea to introgress cold tolerance. Additional breeding can also be done at the tetraploid level to develop new autotetraploid cultivars of G. lindheimeri.

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