scholarly journals Cold Hardiness and the Effects of a Low-input Regime on 15 Tall, Warm-season, Native and Ornamental Grasses in the Upper Midwestern United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Zuk ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Ted Helms ◽  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Fifteen tall, warm-season, native and ornamental grasses were subjected to a 3-year, low-input, and cold hardiness trial conducted from 2010 to 2013 in zone 4a at Fargo and Mandan, ND. Grasses tested were big bluestem [species (Andropogon gerardii)], ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem (A. gerardii), silver banner grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus ×giganteus), hardy pampas grass, (Saccharum ravennae), and the following maidengrass (Miscanthus sinensis) cultivars: Silver Feather, Narrow Leaf, Blondo, Autumn Light, Condensatus, Grosse Fontaine, Morning Light, Gracillimus, Strictus, and Zebrinus. In addition to survival, the grasses were also rated for spring vigor and fall quality (0–10 scale for both evaluations), fall leaf length, and fall flower height. The grasses received no management during the trial other than irrigation during the first season and weed control. The grasses were exposed to subsurface soil temperatures (at 6-inch depth) that reached as low as −8.6 °C at the Fargo location and −6 °C at the Mandan location. The study revealed that all big bluestem (species), ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem, and silver banner grass survived at both locations; silver banner grass scored the highest spring vigor ratings; silver banner grass and ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem scored the highest fall quality ratings; silver banner grass produced the longest fall leaf length; and ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem, big bluestem (species), and silver banner grass produced the tallest fall flowers.

Herbicides for Postemergence Control of Annual Grass Weeds in Seedling Forage Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Peters ◽  
Russell S. Moomaw ◽  
Alex R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Large Crabgrass ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

The control of three summer annual grass weeds with herbicides during establishment of forage grasses was studied near Concord and Mead, NE, in 1984, 1985, and 1986. Three cool-season forage grasses, intermediate wheatgrass, tall fescue, and smooth bromegrass, and two warm-season grasses, big bluestem and switchgrass, were included. The control of three major summer annual grasses, green foxtail, barnyardgrass, and large crabgrass, was excellent with fenoxaprop at 0.22 kg ai/ha. Slight to moderate injury to cool-season forage grasses and severe injury to warm-season grasses were evident. Sethoxydim at 0.22 kg ai/ha and haloxyfop at 0.11 kg ai/ha controlled green foxtail and large crabgrass, but not barnyardgrass. Sulfometuron-treated big bluestem and switchgrass plots had the best forage stand frequencies and yields and, at the rate used, sulfometuron satisfactorily controlled green foxtail but only marginally controlled barnyardgrass and large crabgrass.

RESPONSE OF THREE WARM-SEASON GRASSES TO VARYING FERTILITY LEVELS ON FIVE SOILS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. TAYLOR ◽  
D. W. ALLINSON
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Animal production in New England has been limited by inadequate forage during mid- to late summer when cool-season grasses are in summer dormancy. Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) are warm-season grasses that may be a perennial source of summer forage. Since production of these warm-season grasses would be limited to the less fertile soils of the region, a greenhouse study was conducted to examine the growth and quality of these species in five acid, infertile soils as well as fertilizer-amended soils. The soils were fertilized with limestone (L), limestone plus nitrogen (LN), limestone, nitrogen plus phosphorus (LNP), and limestone, nitrogen, phosphorus plus potassium (LNPK). Limestone was applied to adjust soils to a pH of 6.5. Fertilizer was applied at rates of 45, 117 and 111 kg/ha of N, P and K, respectively. First harvest yields were greatest for switchgrass and big bluestem, but indiangrass produced significantly greater yields than either of the other grasses in the second harvest. In both harvests, the yields of all grasses were greatest under the LNP and LNPK fertility regimes. Nitrogen, without P, did not significantly increase yields above the control treatment in the first harvest. Yield responses to P fertilization varied with soils. Although P appeared to be the limiting factor insofar as growth was concerned, the yield response from P fertilization would probably be limited without N fertilization. Indiangrass was significantly higher in crude protein and K concentration and significantly lower in Ca concentration than big bluestem and switchgrass. Phosphorus concentrations were below the recommended levels for ruminant nutrition.

CHANGES IN SURVIVAL OF WINTER CEREALS DUE TO ICE COVER AND OTHER SIMULATED WINTER CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. ANDREWS ◽  
M. K. POMEROY
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Protected Plants

The survival of winter cereal cultivars of contrasting cold hardiness was determined after various modifications of the winter environment at two locations in 3 yr at Ottawa, Ontario. Artificially produced ice covers reduced survival in all cases, and the severest damage was associated with high soil moisture at the time of ice formation. Maintenance of soil temperatures close to zero by replacement of an insulating snow cover over ice increased average survival by about 10% compared with non-insulated plots. Naturally formed ice covers were less damaging than those artificially produced, and in one case formation of an ice cover protected plants from very low air temperatures, resulting in greater survival than in control plots. Total removal of snow in January was severely damaging, while accumulation of snow at a snowfence allowed increased survival of all cultivars. The correlation between cold hardiness and survival in ice treatments was significant, but one wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar showed better survival than comparable wheats in a number of ice-stressed treatments, while not showing superiority in unstressed or controlled environment conditions.

scholarly journals Potential sources of high value chemicals from leaves, stems and flowers of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Goliath’ and Miscanthus sacchariflorus

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifat Parveen ◽  
Thomas Wilson ◽  
Iain S. Donnison ◽  
Alan R. Cookson ◽  
Barbara Hauck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Potential Sources

scholarly journals Propagation Time Affects Winter Survival and Finishing Date for Ornamental Grasses

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Cunliffe ◽  
Mary Hockenberry Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Ornamental Grasses ◽  
One Year

Abstract Five grasses: little bluestem, Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash; prairie dropseed, Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray; feather reedgrass, Calamagrostis x acutiflora (Schrad.) DC. ‘Karl Foerster’; redflame miscanthus, Miscanthus Anderss. ‘Purpurascens’; and variegated Japanese silvergrass, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. ‘Variegatus’; were propagated in fall and spring by plugs or field divisions into 480 ml (4 in round), 2.7 liter (#1), or 6.2 liter (#2) nursery containers. Plants were evaluated for finish date and winter survival. Three fall handled species consistently finished as a salable plant within one year: Schizachyrium scoparium plugs, Calamagrostis xacutiflora ‘Karl Foerster’ divisions, and Miscanthus ‘Purpurascens’ divisions. Sporobolus heterolepis and Miscanthus sinensis ‘Variegatus’ grew faster and finished with significantly higher survival rates from spring divisions. Spring planted plugs of S. heterolepis and S. scoparium finished within 9 weeks. The two smaller container sizes finished significantly ahead of the larger size.

scholarly journals Month of Seeding Effect on Low-Input Establishment of Cool- and Warm-Season Turfgrasses in Continental Transition Zone

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lynn Diesburg ◽  
Ronald F. Krausz
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Low Input

This research was conducted to determine the degree of success, by month, in seeding establishment of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers. var. dactylon), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) at two locations in the moist, Midwest, continental transition zone on a prepared seed bed without irrigation or cover. The four species were planted every month of the year starting in September 2005. Starter fertilizer and siduron were applied the same day as seeding with no subsequent management except mowing. Percent cover of living turfgrass was recorded in each of 24 months after seeding. Tall fescue (80%) and Bermudagrass (73%) provided the best percent cover over all planting dates. Kentucky bluegrass provided 65% and zoysiagrass 24% cover. The cool-season grasses performed best in the July-to-March plantings; tall fescue 88% and Kentucky bluegrass 72%. Bermudagrass (94%) established best in the January-to-April plantings, while Zoysiagrass (32%) established best in the November-to-March plantings. Germination and seedling survival after germination of all species were inhibited by limited moisture during summer. The warm-season grasses were further limited by winter kill in the August, September, and October seedings. These results emphasize the risk in spring-seeding as well as the value in dormant-seeding of both warm- and cool-season turfgrasses for low-input, nonirrigated establishment.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF CREATION OF MISCANTHUS SINENSIS AND MISCANTHUS SACCHARIFLORUS TETRAPLOID LINES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maliarenko O.A. ◽  
Maliarenko O.A. ◽  
Maliarenko O.A. ◽  
Maliarenko O.A. ◽  
Maliarenko O.A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Status Differentiation ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Tetraploid Level ◽  
Genome Ploidy

The work aimed at creating tetraploid lines of Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus species. To achieve this goal, we used methods of microclonal propagation, fluorescence cytophotometry, and genomic status differentiation using computer software of AP ‘Partec’ (Germany). It was found that the percentage of cultivated shoots of Miscanthus sacchariflorus for an exposure period of 1 day was 18.86 ± 5.37%. To compare, it was51.78 ± 6.51% in Miscanthus sinensis. The best indicators of tetraploid induction in Miscanthus sinensis were observed for the exposure to colchicine for 2 days with polyploidization efficiency of 31.25% and 21.42%, and in Miscanthus sacchariflorusf or 2 hours and 6 hours with rates of 35.0% and 27.3%, respectively. To stabilize the tetraploid level of genome ploidy, we used Murashige and Skoog liquid media (1962) supplemented with 0.005% colchicine and an exposure period of myxoploids for 6 hours. The flowering of new tetraploid clones in the conditions of Ukraine was observed on the second year of vegetation in late September and the beginning of October with the formation of fertile pollen grains. However, development of a microgametophyte depends on temperature conditions, both for Miscanthus sinensis (4x) and Miscanthus sacchariflorus (4x). Breeding schemes for the formation of anisoploid populations have also been developed: M sinensis (4x) x M sinensis (2x); M. sa?chariflorus (4x) x M sinensis (2x); M sinensis (4x) x M. sachariflorus (2x)

scholarly journals Landscape Performance, Flowering, and Seed Viability of 15 Japanese Silver Grass Cultivars Grown in Northern and Southern Florida

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Wilson ◽  
Gary W. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Southern Florida

Japanese silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis) and 14 cultivars were transplanted in northern and southern Florida and evaluated for landscape performance, flowering, growth, and seed viability. All plants survived the 84-week study at both locations with the exception of `Morning Light', where 22% to 33% of the plants died. In northern and southern Florida, `Arabesque', `Adagio', `Cosmopolitan', and `Gracillimus' received the highest visual quality ratings on average throughout the entire study, yet other cultivars such as `Central Park' and `Silberfeder' performed well but had much narrower windows of peak performance. Cultivars such as `Little Kitten' and `Sarabande' performed far better in southern Florida than in northern Florida. Regardless of location, `Morning Light' and `Puenktchen' generally did not perform as well as other cultivars. In northern Florida, four consecutive months of very good to excellent flowering (75% to 100% canopy coverage) were observed for `Adagio', `Arabesque', `Cosmopolitan', `Gracillimus', `Little Kitten', `Sarabande', `Silberfeder', and `Zebrinus'. However, in southern Florida, peak flowering periods for these cultivars were delayed and generally only lasted for 1 to 2 months. On average, plants in northern Florida were larger and produced 2.8 times more flowers than plants in southern Florida. All cultivars produced viable seed with germination of viable seed ranging from 53.6% (`Cabaret') to 100% (`Gracillimus') in southern Florida, and from 49.8% (`Arabesque') to 100% (`Adagio', `Little Kitten', `Sarabande', and `Variegatus') in northern Florida.

scholarly journals Green-up of Seeded Bermudagrass Cultivars as Influenced by Spring Scalping

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Rimi ◽  
Stefano Macolino ◽  
Bernd Leinauer ◽  
Umberto Ziliotto
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Northeastern Italy ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The University

Winter dormancy is the main impediment to a wide acceptance of warm-season turfgrasses in the Mediterranean countries of Europe due to a loss of color during the winter months. Scalping during late winter or early spring has been recommended anecdotally to enhance spring green-up of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon); however, information is lacking on the effectiveness of this practice. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of spring scalping on spring green-up of eight bermudagrass cultivars (Barbados, Contessa, La Paloma, Mohawk, NuMex Sahara, Princess-77, SR 9554, and Yukon) grown in a transition zone environment. The trial was carried out in Spring of 2009 and 2010 on plots established in July 2005 at the experimental farm of the University of Padova (northeastern Italy). Half of the plots for each cultivar were subjected to spring scalping, which was applied in both years on 13 Mar. with a rotary mower set at a height of 28 mm. Soil temperatures were recorded hourly during the research period at a depth of 2.5 cm. The percentage of green cover was estimated weekly from 0 to 98 days after spring scalping (DASS). Soil temperatures in scalped plots were greater than in unscalped plots. Among the cultivars tested, ‘Yukon’ showed earliest spring green-up, with no difference between the scalping treatments, reaching 80% green cover by the end of April. For all other cultivars, scalped plots reached 80% green cover 10 to 18 days earlier than unscalped plots. Results showed that scalping enhanced spring green-up, primarily for cultivars that recover slowly from winter dormancy.

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