scholarly journals A MECHANISTIC INSIGHT OF NATURAL PRODUCTS FOR ECZEMA TREATMENT (PART I)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis ◽  
Cortex Moutan ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
Radix Paeoniae Alba

Eczema is termed as a chronic relapsing atopic dermatitis which is a chronic, inflammatory dermatosis mediated by immune system and is characterized by T- helper 2 immune response phenotype. Eczema is associated with disturbance in sleep and it also affects the quality of life. Emollient, antimicrobial agents, corticosteroid or immune-modulating agents are used for treatment of eczema. Pathogenesis of eczema involves complex interactions between susceptible genes, immunological factor, and defects in skin barriers, neuro-endocrine factors and factors related to environment like change in weather, food and aeroallergens. Because there is no cure till date for eczema, Chinese medicines which are part of dietary therapies are being adopted by the Asian patients. In the treatment of skin disorders and wounds a tremendous role has been played by Herbal extracts and isolated plant compounds. Recently a lot of new herbal drugs have been developed that were tested in controlled clinical or preclinical studies. St. John’s wort, licorice, tormentil, bitter substances, evening primrose and many more biomedicines, topical agents: coconut oil, colloidal oatmeal, sunflower oil, mustard oil, glycerin, and oral Chinese herbal therapy are used to treat AD. Probiotics, and vitamins are also used as oral agents in treatment of AD and all these bioagents have shown good results in treatment of atopic dermatitis. Wind, dampness and heat are the three main pathogenic factors of eczema. Various Chinese herb such as cortex moutan radix (danpi), radix paeoniae alba (bai shao), potentilla chinensis ser (weilingcai) and radix glycyrrhizae (gan cao) are common treatments for eczema allergy. It is being indicated in pharmacological studies that these herbs have anti-allergic, anti- inflammatory and sedative action for itchiness . These studied medicinal plants were found to be effective in eczema therapy, further mechanistic and clinical studies are required to establish this claim.

Atopic dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neill Peters ◽  
Anju T. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Helper Type

Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic relapsing inflammatory dermatosis characterized by pruritus, xerosis, and a close association with IgE mediated sensitization to aeroallergens and foods. More than 60% of children with AD are at risk to develop allergic rhinitis or asthma (the atopic march). The distribution of lesions varies by age. Infants tend to have lesions on the cheeks and scalp, and very young children typically have involvement over the extremities, cheeks, forehead, and neck. A rash in the diaper area of infants is rarely AD. Lesions in older children and adults are usually located in flexural areas, such as the antecubital and popliteal fossae, along with the head and neck. Acute lesions of AD begin as erythematous papules and serous exudates. Secondary lesions include excoriations and crusted erosions due to scratching. Subacute lesions appear as erythematous scaling papules and plaques. If the itch and rash progress uncontrolled, then chronic lichenified AD develops, which features accentuated skin markings with hyperpigmentation. Trigger avoidance, skin hydration, and topical steroids are the first steps for improvement. In acute lesions of AD, the T-helper type 2 cells produce interleukin (IL) 4, IL-13, and IL-31, which may potentiate barrier dysfunction and contribute to pruritus. In chronic lesions, the T-helper type 1 cells predominate and secrete interferon γ and IL-12. Barrier dysfunction from filaggrin predisposes patients to AD. Skin superinfection, particularly with Staphylococcus aureus, is common, and cultures of affected lesions help guide therapy. Eczema herpeticum from herpes simplex virus can be life threatening in patients with AD.

Eczematous Disorders, Atopic Dermatitis, and Ichthyoses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth R Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis ◽  
Poison Ivy ◽  
Eczematous Dermatitis ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Nummular Eczema

This review describes eczematous dermatitis, or eczema, a skin disease that is characterized by erythematous vesicular, weeping, and crusting patches; atopic dermatitis, a common chronic inflammatory dermatosis that generally begins in infancy; and the ichthyoses, a group of diseases of cornification that are characterized by excessive scaling. The purpose of this review is to examine the major variants, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of these dermatologic diseases. Figures depict chronic eczematous dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis to poison ivy, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular eczema, acute eczematous patches, lichenified patches that appear after chronic rubbing of eczematous patches, erythroderma (total body erythema), and marked scaling (acquired ichthyosis). Tables list the diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis and the differential diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 88 references.

Principles of Judicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents for Pediatric Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott F. Dowell ◽  
S. Michael Marcy ◽  
William R. Phillips ◽  
Michael A. Gerber ◽  
Benjamin Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

This article introduces a set of principles to define judicious antimicrobial use for five conditions that account for the majority of outpatient antimicrobial use in the United States. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics indicate that in recent years, approximately three fourths of all outpatient antibiotics have been prescribed for otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, or nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection.1Antimicrobial drug use rates are highest for children1; therefore, the pediatric age group represents the focus for the present guidelines. The evidence-based principles presented here are focused on situations in which antimicrobial therapy could be curtailed without compromising patient care. They are not formulated as comprehensive management strategies. For most upper respiratory infections that require antimicrobial treatment, there are several appropriate oral agents from which to choose. Although the general principles of selecting narrow-spectrum agents with the fewest side effects and lowest cost are important, the principles that follow include few specific antibiotic selection recommendations.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Carvacrol and Coconut Oil on Selected Pathogenic Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Božik ◽  
P. Hovorková ◽  
P. Klouček
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Enterococcus Cecorum ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

AbstractEssential oils play a prominent role as flavouring agents and fragrances in the food and perfume industries. Carvacrol is a major component of various essential oils, such as oregano and thyme oils, and is responsible for their antimicrobial activity. Lauric acid is a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) with a high antibacterial potential. Both carvacrol and MCFAs have been used empirically as antimicrobial agents. Here, we tested the inhibitory properties of carvacrol and coconut (Cocos nuciferaL.) oil containing a high percentage of MCFAs against 5 harmful bacterial pathogens:Escherichia coli, SalmonellaEnteritidis,Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, andEnterococcus cecorum. Gas chromatography (GC-FID) analysis of coconut oil showed a high concentration of lauric acid (41%). Microdilution antimicrobial assays showed that the combination of carvacrol and coconut oil had a stronger antibacterial effect against all tested bacteria than both agents separately. We conclude that carvacrol could significantly improve the antibacterial effect of coconut oil.

A novel approach in developing environment-friendly bio-lubricant from coconut oil, mustard oil and its methyl esters

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012092717
Author(s):  
Akshai B ◽  
Visakh R ◽  
Krishnanand J Kamath ◽  
Mohammed R Riyas ◽  
ML Joy
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Ethyl Vinyl ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Biodegradable Lubricant ◽  
Industrial Standards

The environmental issues caused by synthetic lubricant oils necessitate the need for an environment-friendly lubricant. In this study, a novel approach is proposed for developing an environment-friendly bio-lubricant by blending mustard oil, coconut oil and its methyl esters. Properties of the bio-lubricant are studied and compared with commercial ISO VG 32 oil. The best among various blends prepared are selected based on a decision matrix. The results revealed that this method helps in pour point depression and also in achieving excellent oxidative stability as compared to the base vegetable oil. The newly formulated oil has a pour point lower than that of commercial oil and is found to be highly biodegradable. The anti-wear characteristics of the oil are improved using boric acid, and the viscosity of the oil is improved using ethyl vinyl acetate for meeting the industrial standards. The newly formulated oil complies with industrial standards and can be used as biodegradable lubricant oil.

scholarly journals Associations of Plant-Based Foods and Diets with Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies and Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 948-948
Author(s):  
Tristesse Burton ◽  
James Alexander ◽  
Petar Planinic ◽  
Arpita Basu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common health complications during pregnancy. Medical nutrition therapy is the mainstay of treatment for GDM, however, there is no current consensus on the optimal dietary approaches for prevention and management of hyperglycemia during pregnancy. Our objective is to assess the relationship of plant-based diets, foods, and dietary supplements with GDM and maternal glycemic biomarkers in observational and clinical studies. Methods A systematic review was performed using PubMed to identify original articles from 1999–2019 following the PRISMA checklist statement. Articles were excluded if they were review articles, conference abstracts, not in English or did not meet the pre-defined PICOS (Population, Intervention/exposure, Comparison, Outcome, Study design) criteria. Articles were screened for relevance, extracted and summarized, and assessed for risk of bias and quality. Results A total of 431 articles were screened, 33 observational studies (prospective cohort: n = 26, case-control: n = 3, cross-sectional: n = 4) involving 147,576 women and 11 randomized clinical trials involving 3940 women were included. Among the observational studies, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), fiber, and vegetable rich diets were associated with a significant decrease in GDM risk. Among the clinical trials, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, MedDiet, soy, phytosterol spread, evening primrose, chili powder and a traditional Chinese herb, Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. (Asteraceae) (n = 1) exhibited improved maternal hyperglycemia, insulin resistance or sensitivity, and hypoadiponectinemia. Conclusions These findings suggest that plant-based diets may be effective in preventing and managing hyperglycemia during pregnancy. Particularly, adherence to a MedDiet may improve maternal glycemic biomarker and decrease risk of GDM. Funding Sources UNLV Faculty research start up award.

Utilizing ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate chemometric modelling for the swift detection of mustard oil adulteration in virgin coconut oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 103066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit ◽  
Rahul Jamwal ◽  
Shivani Kumari ◽  
Amit S. Dhaulaniya ◽  
Biji Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil

scholarly journals Bacterial skin colonization and infections in patients with atopic dermatitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Petry ◽  
Giancarlo Resende Bessa ◽  
Claudia Schermann Poziomczyck ◽  
Caio Fernando de Oliveira ◽  
Magda Blessmann Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Atopic Dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects a large number of children and adults. The disease results from an interaction between genetic predisposition, host environment, skin barrier defects, and immunological factors. A major aggravating factor associated with Atopic Dermatitis is the presence of microorganisms on the patient's skin surface. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, for instance, can exacerbate chronic skin inflammation. As a result, antimicrobials have often been prescribed to control the acute phase of the disease. However, increased bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has made it difficult for dermatologists to prescribe appropriate medication. In the presence of disseminated dermatitis with secondary infection, systemic antibiotics need to be prescribed; however, treatment should be individualized, in an attempt to find the most effective antibiotic with fewer side effects. Also, the medication should be used for as short as possible in order to minimize bacterial resistance.

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