scholarly journals Cargas virales en pacientes trasplantados y genotipificación de Citomegalovirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Rojas-Cordero ◽  
María Rodríguez-Sevilla ◽  
Álvaro Herrera-Muñoz ◽  
James Karkashian-Córdoba
Keyword(s):  
Bk Virus ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Clustal Omega

Objetivo: Determinar el curso de infecciones virales por un periodo de un año, mediante la medición de la carga viral de Adenovirus, virus BK, virus Epstein-Barr, Citomegalovirus y Herpesvirus humano 6, en 30 pacientes del Hospital San Juan de Dios, sometidos a trasplante de riñón o células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. Métodos: Se determinaron las cargas virales en diez muestras de sangre por paciente: una muestra pretransplante, ocho muestras obtenidas cada dos semanas postrasplante y una última muestra a los seis meses posteriores al trasplante. La cuantificación de los virus se realizó por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real y, solo en el caso del Adenovirus, por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de punto final. También se determinaron los genotipos de Citomegalovirus en los pacientes positivos para este virus, utilizando una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa dirigida al gen de la glicoproteína B y secuenciación de los fragmentos amplificados. Las secuencias obtenidas fueron comparadas y alineadas con una secuencia de referencia, utilizando el programa Clustal Omega. Resultados: Al 77 % de los pacientes se les detectó al menos uno de los cinco virus analizados y el virus con mayor prevalencia fue el Citomegalovirus, con un 57% de positividad del total de la población. El genotipo de Citomegalovirus que más se detectó fue el genotipo 3. Se monitoreó el comportamiento de las cargas virales para cada virus analizado y la proporción de su incidencia entre pacientes masculinos y femeninos. Conclusiones: La cuantificación y caracterización de virus en pacientes de trasplante, permite un mejor manejo clínico del paciente con infecciones oportunistas y también un manejo más adecuado de las terapias farmacológicas.

scholarly journals Progress in Quantitative Viral Load Testing: Variability and Impact of the WHO Quantitative International Standards

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Hayden ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
L. Tang ◽  
G. W. Procop ◽  
D. R. Hillyard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Viral Load Testing ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTIt has been hoped that the recent availability of WHO quantitative standards would improve interlaboratory agreement for viral load testing; however, insufficient data are available to evaluate whether this has been the case. Results from 554 laboratories participating in proficiency testing surveys for quantitative PCR assays of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), BK virus (BKV), adenovirus (ADV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) were evaluated to determine overall result variability and then were stratified by assay manufacturer. The impact of calibration to international units/ml (CMV and EBV) on variability was also determined. Viral loads showed a high degree of interlaboratory variability for all tested viruses, with interquartile ranges as high as 1.46 log10copies/ml and the overall range for a given sample up to 5.66 log10copies/ml. Some improvement in result variability was seen when international units were adopted. This was particularly the case for EBV viral load results. Variability in viral load results remains a challenge across all viruses tested here; introduction of international quantitative standards may help reduce variability and does so more or less markedly for certain viruses.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Polyoma BK Virus (BKPyV) , Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in Oropharyngeal Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Polz-Gruszka ◽  
Kamal Morshed ◽  
Adrian Jarzyński ◽  
Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Paraffin Tissue

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of BK virus, Human Papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus in oropharyngeal cancer, and to test our hypothesis that BKV/HPV/EBV co-infection plays a role in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The correlation between viral infection, OSCC, anatomic location, pre-treatment staging, evidence of metastases to lymph nodes, and grading was also investigated. The examination samples were collected from 62 patients from paraffin tissue blocks. Males (90.3%) with, smoking (83.9%) and alcohol abuse (67.7%) problems prevailed in the studied group. G2 histological type was recognized in 80.6% cases. T4 (77.4%) and N2 (56.5%) traits occurred in the majority of patients. No cases of metastasis were observed (M0 100%). HPV – 24.2%, EBV – 27.4% and BKV 17.7% were detected in the studied samples. We observed co-infection EBV/BKV in 8% of cases, HPV/BKV in 4.8%, and HPV/EBV in 9% cases. Only in two cases co-infection of all three viruses was found.

scholarly journals Epstein-Barr virus, human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6 and 7, human adenovirus, John Cunningham virus, and BK virus are not associated with gliomas in humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Czarkowska-Pączek ◽  
Rafal Górski ◽  
Aleksandra Wyczałkowska-Tomasik ◽  
Maciej Bujko ◽  
Leszek Pączek
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
John Cunningham Virus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Epstein Barr

Introduction: The literature points to several viruses associated with brain carcinogenesis, including gliomas. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the presence of several viruses in gliomas and plasma from patients with brain tumor and the possible association of viral positivity with the clinical course. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 37 patients with gliomas who were subjected to surgery. Mean patient age was 54.59 (SD 15.85) years. The presence of viral DNA was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results and discussion: We did not confirm any BK virus, John Cunningham virus, or human adenovirus-positive gliomas. The percentage of patients with gliomas positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 and 7 was 18.9%, 8.1%, 2.7%, and 10.8%, respectively. We did not confirm the co-occurrence of glioma and plasma viral positivity. Fisher’s test did not reveal the influence of viral infection on the risk of death. We did not detect any differences regarding sex, WHO classification of gliomas, or the functional impairment evaluated by the Karnofsky scale index at admission to the hospital in the group of patients positive or negative for EBV, CMV, or HHV6. Conclusions: We cannot confirm an association of the investigated viruses with gliomas.

scholarly journals In vitrotoxicity and efficacy of verdinexor, an exportin 1 inhibitor, on opportunistic viruses affecting immunocompromised individuals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G. Widman ◽  
Savanna Gornisiewicz ◽  
Sharon Shacham ◽  
Sharon Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

AbstractInfection of immunocompromised individuals with normally benign opportunistic viruses is a major health burden globally. Infections with viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Kaposi’s sarcoma virus (KSHV), adenoviruses (AdV), BK virus (BKPyV), John Cunningham virus (JCPyV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) are significant concerns for the immunocompromised, including when these viruses exist as a co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viral infections are more complicated in patients with a weakened immune system, and often manifest as malignancies resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Vaccination is not an attractive option for these immune compromised individuals due to defects in their adaptive immune response. Verdinexor is part of a novel class of small molecules known as SINE (Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export) compounds. These small molecules demonstrate specificity for the nuclear export protein XPO1, to which they bind and block function, resulting in sequestration of XPO1-dependent proteins in the nucleus of the cell. In antiviral screening, verdinexor demonstrated varying levels of efficacy against all of the aforementioned viruses including previously with HIV. Studies by other labs have discussed likely mechanisms of action for verdinexor (ie. XPO-1-dependence) against each virus. GLP toxicology studies suggest that anti-viral activity can be achieved at a tolerable dose range, based on the safety profile of a previous phase 1 clinical trial of verdinexor in healthy human volunteers. Taken together, these results indicate verdinexor has the potential to be a broad spectrum antiviral for immunocompromised subjects for which vaccination is a poor option.

scholarly journals Off-the-Shelf Virus-Specific T Cells to Treat BK Virus, Human Herpesvirus 6, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus Infections After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (31) ◽  
pp. 3547-3557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifigeneia Tzannou ◽  
Anastasia Papadopoulou ◽  
Swati Naik ◽  
Kathryn Leung ◽  
Caridad A. Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 6 ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

Purpose Improvement of cure rates for patients treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) will require efforts to decrease treatment-related mortality from severe viral infections. Adoptively transferred virus-specific T cells (VSTs) generated from eligible, third-party donors could provide broad antiviral protection to recipients of HSCT as an immediately available off-the-shelf product. Patient and Methods We generated a bank of VSTs that recognized five common viral pathogens: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), adenovirus (AdV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), BK virus (BKV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). The VSTs were administered to 38 patients with 45 infections in a phase II clinical trial. Results A single infusion produced a cumulative complete or partial response rate of 92% (95% CI, 78.1% to 98.3%) overall and the following rates by virus: 100% for BKV (n = 16), 94% for CMV (n = 17), 71% for AdV (n = 7), 100% for EBV (n = 2), and 67% for HHV-6 (n = 3). Clinical benefit was achieved in 31 patients treated for one infection and in seven patients treated for multiple coincident infections. Thirteen of 14 patients treated for BKV-associated hemorrhagic cystitis experienced complete resolution of gross hematuria by week 6. Infusions were safe, and only two occurrences of de novo graft-versus host disease (grade 1) were observed. VST tracking by epitope profiling revealed persistence of functional VSTs of third-party origin for up to 12 weeks. Conclusion The use of banked VSTs is a feasible, safe, and effective approach to treat severe and drug-refractory infections after HSCT, including infections from two viruses (BKV and HHV-6) that had never been targeted previously with an off-the-shelf product. Furthermore, the multispecificity of the VSTs ensures extensive antiviral coverage, which facilitates the treatment of patients with multiple infections.

Investigation of BK virus, Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus sequences in postoperative thyroid gland specimens

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Stamatiou ◽  
Stavros P. Derdas ◽  
Emmanouil K. Symvoulakis ◽  
Georgios H. Sakorafas ◽  
Odysseas Zoras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Background Although recent evidence has implicated viruses in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumor progression, little is known regarding viral infections in thyroid malignancies. Thus the aim of this study was to detect sequences of 3 potentially oncogenic viruses – BK virus (BKV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) – in a series of postoperative thyroid gland specimens. Methods Thirty patients with thyroid nodules who underwent surgery for thyroid disease within a 3-year period were enrolled. Both nodular and adjacent normal thyroid tissue was surgically excised from each patient. Viral gene sequences of BKV (VP1), EBV (LMP1, EBNA2 and EBER1) and HPV were amplified by PCR. The PCR results were confirmed by direct sequencing analysis. Results VP1 gene sequences were detected in 60% (18/30) of thyroid cancer or multinodular hyperplasia lesions compared with in 43.3% (13/30) of adjacent normal thyroid tissue specimens. Fifteen of thirty (50%) of thyroid cancer or multinodular hyperplasia samples revealed LMP1 sequences compared with 46.7% (14/30) of corresponding normal thyroid tissues. EBNA2 gene sequences were detected in 90% (27/30) of thyroid cancer or multinodular hyperplasia samples, compared with 90% (27/30) of adjacent normal thyroid tissue specimens. All samples were negative for EBER1 sequences, while HPV DNA was not detected in either nodular or normal thyroid tissue. Conclusions This study suggests that BKV and EBV “infection” is an early event, occurring within normal tissue. Our findings do not show a clear role for the viruses examined, instead they suggest an “endemicity” pattern rather than a causal effect.

Urethral caruncle: a lesion related to IgG4-associated sclerosing disease?

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R Williamson ◽  
Marina Scarpelli ◽  
Antonio Lopez-Beltran ◽  
Rodolfo Montironi ◽  
Miriam R Conces ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Anaplastic Lymphoma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epstein Barr

AimsUrethral caruncle is a benign, polypoid urethral mass that occurs almost exclusively in postmenopausal women. Despite that these lesions are routinely managed with topical medications or excision, their pathogenesis is not well understood. We investigated the possibilities of autoimmune, viral and inflammatory myofibroblastic proliferations as possible aetiologies.MethodsIn 38 patients with urethral caruncle, we utilised immunohistochemistry for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG4 to assess for a potential autoimmune aetiology. Immunohistochemistry was performed in nine patients for Epstein–Barr virus, BK virus, human herpesvirus 8, human papillomavirus, adenovirus and anaplastic lymphoma kinase.ResultsFour patients (11%) showed infiltrates of ≥50 IgG4-positive plasma cells per high power field, of which all showed an IgG4 to IgG ratio greater than 40%. A statistically significant difference (p<0.01) was detected in the mean number of IgG4-positive cells (14.73 per high power field) compared with control benign urethral specimens (mean, 1.19). One patient with increased counts below this threshold had rheumatoid arthritis; none had documented autoimmune pancreatitis or other known manifestations of systemic IgG4-related sclerosing disease. All lesions showed negative reactions for the viral and inflammatory myofibroblastic markers.ConclusionsUrethral caruncle is a benign inflammatory and fibrous polypoid urethral mass of unclear aetiology. It appears unrelated to viral infection and lacks the abnormal expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein, as seen in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours. Increased numbers of IgG4-positive plasma cells in a subset of lesions raise the possibility that some cases may be related to the autoimmune phenomena of IgG4-associated disease.

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