The Rights of Men

2018 ◽  
pp. 189-216
Author(s):  
Adam Malka
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Marriage Contracts ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Real Work ◽  
Wage Contracts ◽  
Federal Agents

This chapter moves the argument into the post-emancipation period. In particular, it chronicles the story of the legal code’s deracialization during the years following the state’s 1864 emancipation decree. Many different groups, friends and foes of the freedmen alike, defined freedom as self-sufficiency and self-reliance, and it would be these liberal ideals that shaped the legal terms of emancipation. As federal agents worked to enforce black men’s wage contracts and ratify their marriage contracts, as formerly enslaved black men eagerly asserted their rights to possess both, and as an interracial coalition of activists confronted stubborn employers and an apprentice system still indebted to slavery, a fully realized property rights regime emerged. Through real work – through hard work – slavery died during the 1860s, and a seemingly color-blind legal order predicated upon male rights to wages and household autonomy arose in its place. In liberal terms, emancipation looked like a success.

Class in Thatcherite Ideology and Rhetoric

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Sutcliffe-Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Classless Society ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter examines Thatcherite rhetoric about class and individualism. Thatcher needed to distance herself from her own, narrow, upper-middle-class image; she also wanted to rid politics of class language, and thought that class was—or should be—irrelevant in 1980s Britain because of ‘embourgeoisement’. For Thatcher, ‘bourgeois’ was defined by particular values (thrift, hard work, self-reliance) and she wanted to use the free market to incentivize more of the population to display these values, which she thought would lead to a moral and also a prosperous society. Thatcherite individualism rested on the assumption that people were rational, self-interested, but also embedded in families and communities. The chapter reflects on what these conclusions tell us about ‘Thatcherism’ as a political ideology, and how these beliefs influenced Thatcherite policy on the welfare state, monetarism, and trade unionism. Finally, it examines Major’s rhetoric of the ‘classless society’ in the 1990s.

The Crime of Freedom

2018 ◽  
pp. 217-246
Author(s):  
Adam Malka
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Black People ◽  
Racial Violence

Slavery in Maryland died during the 1860s, but for all of their promise the changes also brought heartbreak. As Chapter 7 shows, black men’s acquisition of a fuller bundle of property rights and legal protections brought them into conflict with the very criminal justice system built to guard those rights and ensure those protections. White commentators scoffed at black men’s supposed indolence and bristled at their households’ apparent disorder; police officers arrested black Baltimoreans for an expanding list of crimes; and black people, black men in particular, were incarcerated at growing rates. During the years immediately following the Civil War, Baltimore’s policemen and prisons perpetrated a form of racial violence that was different from yet indicative of the violence inflicted by the old order’s vigilantes. Castigated as criminals, freedmen’s legal victories provoked a form of policing reserved for the truly free.

From Refugee to Entrepreneur? Challenges to Refugee Self-reliance in Berlin, Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Embiricos
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Public ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

Abstract The years following the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015 saw unprecedented efforts to promote the social and economic inclusion of refugees and asylum seekers. Entrepreneurship has been praised as a promising route to refugee self-reliance, but its viability remains contested and under-researched in developed economies such as Germany. Limited literature on the topic suggests entrepreneurship is a useful route to self-sufficiency, although refugees face more barriers than other immigrant entrepreneurs, such as language barriers and bureaucratic processes. This article uses semi-structured interviews with refugee entrepreneurs, civil society, social enterprises and the public sector to identify the main challenges for refugee entrepreneurs and to examine whether entrepreneurship is effective for achieving self-reliance in one of the most important centres for creating innovative projects supporting refugee inclusion and entrepreneurship, namely Berlin. Though it is too early to demonstrate whether entrepreneurship has long-term economic gains, this research shows that entrepreneurship is not a ‘fast track’ to economic self-reliance, but has several benefits for social inclusion. It also demonstrates the importance of holistic support systems for refugee entrepreneurs and the difficulty of refugee entrepreneurial success even in the most developed economies.

Adherence to Masculine Norms and Depressive Symptoms in Young Black Men

Social Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Janelle R Goodwill ◽  
Natasha C Johnson ◽  
Daphne C Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
Survey Responses

Abstract Recent reports have highlighted disparities in representation of Black men within research, calling for more work to be done with this group. The authors take up this call by exploring whether adherence to masculine norms influences mental health outcomes among young Black men. The sample included survey responses from 18- to 30-year-old Black men (N = 273) enrolled at five colleges and universities in the midwestern United States. Two theoretically relevant subscales from the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (that is, self-reliance and emotional control) were used to measure adherence to masculine norms, and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicate that the model fit the data well. Furthermore, self-reliance was associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms (β = .358, p < .001), but emotional control was not (β = .137, p = .099). Study findings suggest that depression treatment interventions should be tailored to incorporate aspects of masculinity that are most salient to young Black men. In addition, social work researchers, clinicians, and service providers are uniquely positioned to contribute to the promotion of mental wellness among this underserved population and should be prepared to attend to young Black men’s mental health needs.

Go West initiative may increase China’s self-reliance

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Western China ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Ethnic Tensions ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Significance It is also designed to enable greater reliance on domestic resources and markets in an increasingly hostile international geopolitical environment. Infrastructure is the core of the strategy. Impacts The most visible impact will be the construction of infrastructure, especially in transport, energy and the high-tech sector. Foreign investors are likely to play little if any role in Go West. Some foreign firms may benefit if costs fall and incomes rise in Western China; others will lose out if China’s self-sufficiency increases. Economic growth will not reduce ethnic tensions in Xinjiang and Tibet if ethnic Han benefit disproportionately.

Legislating for the ‘Whole World That Is, in a Sense, a Commonwealth’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Pagden
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
Moral Arguments ◽  
School Of Salamanca ◽  
The Law

This chapter argues that, contrary to ‘postcolonial’ claims, the Spanish ‘School of Salamanca’ was not overwhelmingly concerned with the need to justify the Spanish occupation of the Americas, but with creating an understanding of the ‘law of nations’ based upon the concept of a worldwide legal order. In terms of this, the Spanish Crown could only legitimate its presence in America if that could be shown to have brought benefits to the indigenous peoples in terms of protection from tyrannical rulers. None of this, however, could justify occupation or confer sovereignty and property rights on the conquering powers, although it would permit those powers to bring about a form of ‘regime change’. It also argues that all the ‘moral’ arguments for occupation employed by the European colonizing powers led logically and inexorably, if also unintentionally, to the ultimate ‘self-determination’ of the colonized.

scholarly journals ‘We could be anything we wanted to be’: remembering Jimmy Rogers

Race & Class ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-84
Author(s):  
Michael Romyn
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Youth Services ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Alternative Community

Between 1967 and his death in 2018, Jimmy Rogers, a unique figure in the UK’s black self-help movement, dedicated himself to the welfare of black young people via basketball. Through Rogers’ own words and oral histories of individuals who knew him, this article traces his path from Liverpool 8, where he introduced organised basketball in 1967, to London, where he established the Brixton Topcats basketball club in response to the ‘riots’ of 1981. Rogers learnt through his own life of hardship – of being brought up ‘in care’ – the need for discipline, self-belief and self-reliance. And he used these experiences and his basketball skills to mentor generations of dispossessed young black men and later women, who found, through his clubs, an antidote to a world of institutional racism, economic hardships, and heavy-handed policing. At a time of drastic cuts in youth services, he showed the importance of alternative community-led youth provision to black working-class inner-city residents.

HKI SYARIAH, KONSEP IDE DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI INDONESIA IPR OF SHARIA, CONCEPT IDEAS AND THE IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Nugraha Pranadita
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
National Legal System ◽  
Ipr Protection

Abstrak: Di Indonesia saat ini sedang berkembang pemikiran tentang penerapan prinsip syariah dalam bidang-bidang perekonomian, termasuk dalam hal perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI). Pemikiran tersebut berbeda dengan “pemikiran barat” yang menjadi dasar dibentuknya undang-undang terkait perlindungan HKI yang sudah ada di Indonesia. Rumusan konsep perlindungan HKI syariah adalah sebuah konsep hasil penggabungan fungsi beberapa pranata hukum yang ada. Hal tersebut memungkinkan rumusan konsep perlindungan HKI syariah ini dapat segera diterapkan di Indonesia dan tetap menjadi bagian dari sistem hukum nasional dan sekaligus menjadi bagian dari tradisi hukum yang ada di dunia. Kata kunci: Perlindungan HKI syariah, konsep, implementasi.  Abstract: In Indonesia, the idea of applying the sharia principles in economy fields is currently developing, including the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). This idea is substantially different from the "western thought" which became the basis of the law establishment regarding the protection of Intellectual Property Rights in Indonesia. The formulation of the concept of sharia IPR protection is a concept of the result of merging some functions of the existing legal order. It allows the formulation of the concept of IPR protection sharia to be immediately applied in Indonesia and remains a part of the national legal system and also become part  of the legal tradition in the world. Key words : Sharia IPR Protection, concept, implementation.

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