Appropriate Combatants
This chapter marks the beginning of the book’s study of the second phase of these conflicts. Beginning around 1700, Britain and France became increasingly involved in their colonies’ affairs. This growing imperial control resulted in the increased militarization of New England and New France, as regular troops joined provincial forces with greater frequency. These imperial military societies also depended more on highly fortified structures to defend their colonial territory. The chapter examines how these changes influenced women’s participation in war and how colonists and imperial officials perceived women’s war making. In New England, women received land grants and compensation as veterans even as changes in ideas about women’s gender roles as private, rather than public, actors in separate spheres resulted in colonists describing women as inhabitants of an emerging homefront. At the same time, officials in New France worried about the potential for treasonous activities between Canadian women and French soldiers involved in sex scandals in the crowded fortified towns along the coast. Despite these fears, Canadian women continued to serve in the colony’s growing military bureaucracy, financing fortifications and supporting the war effort through commerce.